滬教版-英語-八上-Unit3-講義

Unit3Computers課前檢測課前檢測1.Workas2.Beunawareof3.缺少，缺乏4.在某地制造5.inaddition6.玩得開心、愉快7.inthefuture8.過去常常做某事9.grandtotal10.oneday11.上網(wǎng)12.期待，期盼【經(jīng)典例句】1.Learnhowtocomparethingsbyusingthecomparativeofparev.比擬；比照compare…with…compare……to……如：thispicturethatoneandseewhichisbetter.Thissongourcountryabigfamily.2.Youdependoncomputersmorethanyourealize.Dependon，不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，也不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：Childrendependontheirparents.morethan意為“”，常和數(shù)詞連用，相當(dāng)于Heboughtmorethan60books.3.Youneverseemtobeshortofpocketmoney.Seem意為“”〔1〕在“seem〔tobe〕+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，tobe可以省略。但如果后面是afraid，asleep，awake等表語形容詞時，那么tobe不能省略。Thegreenleavesseemed〔tobe〕morebeautifulaftertherain.Sheseemstobeafraidoftheteacher.〔2〕seemtodosth.似乎是，好似要做某事seem后還可以接that從句，構(gòu)成Itseems/seemed+that.Heseems〔know〕everthing.ItseemsthatJohndoesn’tagreewithyou.【經(jīng)典例題】1.—Canyoulendmesomemoney?—I________itrightnow.A.amshortofB.inshortforC.wasshortfor2.Myparentsshowed________someoldpicturesthatbroughtbacksweetmemories.AIBmeCmyDmine3.—Shallwegoforapicnictomorrow?—Well,itall_______theweather.AbelongstoBhappenstoCdependson4.—I’mgoingonvacationthisweekend.—________!AThesametoyouBHaveagoodtimeCHurryupDHoldon,please.5.Iseemtohaveseenhimsomewherebefore.〔改為同義句〕ItthatIhimsomewherebefore.4.However,onedaycomputersmaybeabletodoabetterjobthanhumanbeings.Beableto意為“能，能夠”，后接動詞原形。Tomisableto〔can〕speakEnglishverywellHewasableto〔could〕driveacarthreeyearsago.Ithinkyou’llbeabletopasstheexam.辨析beableto與canbeableto表示有能力，往往是經(jīng)過努力而獲得的能力有人稱和數(shù)的變化可用于多種時態(tài)can表示身體或精神上自身具備的能力，還可以表示請求、允許、推測沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的兩種時態(tài)5.Someyoungpeoplealwaysneedhelpfromtheirparents.Need作實(shí)義動詞講，意為需要Needtodosth“需要做某事”，主語通常是人Weneedtotellhimthetruth.Needdoingsth“”，主語通常是物Theflowersneedwatering.Need作情態(tài)動詞時，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形，主要用于否認(rèn)句或疑問句中。6.Wehadfunandlearntsomethingnewaswell.Aswell意為“”。通常放句末，相當(dāng)于.IcanspeakChineseandIcanspeakEnglish.辨析易混詞：aswell,also,too,eitheraswell用于肯定句句末，不用逗號與句子分開also用于肯定句句中，also位于be動詞和助動詞之后，行為動詞之前too用于肯定句句末，前面用逗號隔開，有時也可無逗號either表示“也”時，用于否認(rèn)句句末以加強(qiáng)語氣【經(jīng)典例題】一、單項(xiàng)選擇：()1.Marydepended________hergrandparentsafterherparentsdiedintheaccidentA.onB.inC.byD.with()2.Lucy’smother________ateacherinabigschool.Sheiskindtoallherstudents.A.worksoutB.worksasC.worksinD.workson()3.Samisanexcellentengineer.________,heisagoodfootballer.A.introubleB.intimeC.inadditionD.infuture()4.Lucycouldreadstorybooksattheageoffour.A.isabletoB.wasabletoC.shouldD.would()5.Finishyourhomeworkfirst,thenyou’llwatchTVforanhour.A.canB.beabletoC.ableD.would()6.—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow,Mr.Smith?—No,you.A.can’tB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.needn’t(二)完成句子。1人們生病時要依靠醫(yī)生。Peoplehaveto________________doctorswhentheyareill.此外，李老師還是個灌籃高手。________________,MrLiisagreatbasketballplayer.3你父親從事什么工作？Whatdoesyourfather________________?我沒發(fā)覺到這個錯誤的答案。I________________________thewronganswer.5如果你比擬一下這些文章，你就會知道誰寫得最好。________you________thesearticles,you’llknowwritesthebest.7.Whatdoyouthinkofcomputers?Whatdoyouthinkof….=Howdoyoulike……?你覺得…..怎么樣？-Whatdoyouthinkofyourtrip?-Great!Wehaveagoodtime!【中考鏈接】你認(rèn)為我們的校規(guī)和班規(guī)怎樣？____doyou_________ourschoolrulesandclassrules?8.Howoftendoyouusethecomputer?Howoften“”答復(fù)的時候用頻度副詞always，often……或者頻度副詞短語once/twiceaweek.—Howoftendotheyplayping-pong?—Onceaweek.【辨析】howsoon多久以后，指頻率常用“in+時間段”答復(fù)howlong意為“多長〔時間〕”，既可對一段時間提問，也可對物體長度提問常用“for+時間段”答復(fù)howfar多遠(yuǎn)，詢問距離、路程常用表示距離的短語答復(fù)【中考鏈接】—_________doyougotolibrary?—Onceaweek.9.Theredonecosts2,500yuan,andit’smadeofleather.spend,take,pay,cost的區(qū)別易混詞含義及用法例句spendspend作花費(fèi)講，主語只能是人，指某人“花費(fèi)〔時間、金錢〕”，常用于spend……onsth或spend…(in)doingsthHespentmuchtimeonhishoework.Mikespentoneyuan(in)buyingapen.taketake作“花費(fèi)”講，常用于ittakessbsometimetodosth句型中Ittookusaweektofinishthework.costcost作“花費(fèi)〔時間、精力、金錢等〕”講，主語只能是物或事情，cost可以接雙賓語，但cost沒有被動語態(tài)。Sthcost(s)/cost(sb)somemoney.Thebikecostme200yuan.payPay作“花費(fèi)”講，主語只能是人，指為買的東西付錢，常與介詞for連用。Sbpay〔s〕/paidmoneyforsbTompaid200yuanforthecoat.【經(jīng)典例題】【中考鏈接】1.I_______someofmyfreetimeplayingbasketballformyschoolteam.AspendBcostCtakeDpay.2.—HowmuchdoestheTV?—Nottoomuch.It’sjustasecond-handedone.A.costB.spendC.takeD.payfor3.Acomputerhimalotofmoney.A.costB.spendsC.costedD.spent4.—Couldweseeeachotherat9o’clocktomorrowmorning.—Sorry,Let’smakeit______time.Aother’sBtheotherCanotherDother【經(jīng)典例題】一、根據(jù)提示完成句子1那件襯衣多少錢？_______________________________theskirt?2他每天要花一個小時玩電腦游戲。He_______overanhour_______computergameseveryday.3—一杯咖啡怎么樣？—好的，謝謝你！—__________________acupofcoffee?—Yes,please.Thankyou.4.—你覺得今晚的電影怎么樣？—很一般—___________you___________themovietonight?—It’sjustso-so二、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.---Whatdoyouthinkofthetwobackpacks?---________ofthemareverynice.AEitherBBothCEachDAll()2.Itusually______Mumabouthalfanhourtocooksupper.ApaysBtakesCspendsDcosts()3.Daisyissuchagooddaughterthatshe_____mostofhersparetimewithherparents.AspendsBcostsCtakesDaffords()4.—_______doesyoucousingotothegym?—Twiceaweek.AHowlongBHowoftenCHowsoonDHowmuch()5.—______areyouleavingforBeijing?—Inacoupleofdays.AHowfarBHowoftenCHowsoonDHowlong()6.—Jenny,Ineedsomemilk.—Ok.Mum.______doyouneed?AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowlong()7.—_______haveyoubeenmarried?—Fortwentyyears.AHowlongBHowfarCHowsoonDHowoften10.ThestudentsplayedcomputergamesontheInternetalldaySaturdaywithoutstoppingtodrink,eatorsleep.〔1〕without介詞“”.后接名詞，代詞以及動名詞，多作伴隨狀語Heleftwithoutaword.Hewenttoschoolwithout〔eat〕breakfast.〔2〕Stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事。Ihavebeenstudyforthewholeafternoon.Ineedtostoptohavearest.Sopdoingsth.停止做某事Thegirlstopped.〔cry〕〔3〕Stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Let’sstopthechildrenfromplayingnearthelake.11.Lookforwardtoyourreplay.Lookforwardto……希望，盼望其中to是介詞，后面跟動詞的ing形式。I’malwayslookingforwardto〔buy〕anewcar.【中考鏈接】Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystopped_____andlayontheground,soweallstopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.\Atorun;toseeBrunning;seeingCrunning;tosee【經(jīng)典例題】一、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子1.我期待著參觀故宮I’m__________________________thePalaceMuseum.2.非常感謝你能來參加我的生日聚會Thanksverymuch_____________tomybirthdayparty.3.他立刻匆匆忙忙的跑出去，一句話也沒有說。Hehurriedoutimmediately__________aword.4.他讓我們停下來休息一會兒。Let’s______________arest.【經(jīng)典例題】()1.—IsNewZealandabigcountry?—No,NewZealandonlyhastwoisland.OneisNorthIsland,______isSouthIsland.AotherBtheotherCanotherDtheothers()2.—I’mlookingforwardto________myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?—Metoo.AseeingBseeCsaw()3.Kate,thanksfor______me______myEnglish.Ahelping;toBtohelp;withChelping;with()4.Mydreamhometownisanamazingplace______anypollution.AwithBwithoutCoutDin()5---Dad,whymustIstop_______computergames?---Foryourhealth,myboy.AplayBtoplayCtoplayingDplaying()6.AsyouknowIt’sourdutyto_______peoplefromhurtinganimalsindanger.AstopBsaveChelpDprotect()7.—Themeatis_____delicious.—Yes,butdon’teat______.Atoomuch,toomuchBmuchtoo,toomuchCtoomuch,muchtooDmuchtoo,muchtooGrammer形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級一般來說，中文意思是“”的詞是形容詞，而中文意思是“”的詞是副詞。形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級是中考考試的重點(diǎn)之一〔中考必考點(diǎn)〕形容詞:概述:形容詞是用以修飾名詞或某些代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì),特征或狀態(tài)的.eg:Thisisasmallnoon.多個形容詞作定語一般遵循下面的規(guī)那么:限(冠詞,物主代詞,指示代詞,數(shù)詞等)觀(描述)形(大小,形狀等)齡(年齡,新舊等)色(色彩)國(國籍,出處等)副詞:表示行為特征或性狀的詞叫副詞,副詞主要用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。副詞的根本特征：=1\*GB3①副詞是表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞，在句子中屬于類。=2\*GB3②大多數(shù)副詞是用形容詞加后綴－構(gòu)成的。Eg:quicklyslowlybravely以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞，現(xiàn)將y改成，再加-。Eg:happy-----happilyangry-----angrily有些副詞沒有特殊詞尾。Eg:late,often,here,quite,never,very=3\*GB3③有些副詞與形容詞形式相同。Eg:late,early,high,long,fast=4\*GB3④只有可以分成比擬級的副詞才能有比擬級和最高級形，eg:fast,easily等。像only,really,here,there那么不可能有比擬級，因?yàn)樗鼈兪遣豢煞旨壍?。一、形容詞、副詞比擬級和最高級的意義英語中的形容詞和副詞，在句子里表示“比擬……”、“最……”時，要用特別的形式，即：比擬級和最高級。原來的形式稱為原級。如：longlongerlongest原級比擬級最高級1．Theblackpenis.黑色的鋼筆很長。2．Thebluepenistheblackone.藍(lán)色的鋼筆比黑色的長。3．Theredpenisofthethree.紅色的鋼筆是三支中最長的。形容詞、副詞的比擬級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞〔如以y結(jié)尾的詞〕以加詞尾的方式構(gòu)成，在加詞尾時要注意：類型構(gòu)成法例詞一般單音節(jié)詞直接加詞尾-er,-estsmall,samller,smallest以-e或-ee結(jié)尾的詞加-r,-stlarge,larger,largestfree,freer,freest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加詞尾-er，-estbusy,busier,biggestheavy,heavier,heaviest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er,-estbig,bigger,biggestthin,thinner,thinnest大局部雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞都在其前加more方式構(gòu)成：原級比擬級最高級importantmoreimportantdifficultmostdifficultuseful注：有少數(shù)單音節(jié)的形容詞，通常以加more,most的方法構(gòu)成比擬級和最高級，如：pleased,tired,fond,glad等。【習(xí)題訓(xùn)練】一、按要求寫單詞slow(反義詞)____________cheap(反義詞)__________fast(反義詞)____________plane(同義詞)___________much〔比擬級〕__________bus(復(fù)數(shù))____________cost(同義詞)___________take(反義詞)____________二、寫出以下形容詞的比擬級和最高級1.long________________2.great________________3.fine________________4.big________________5.easy________________6.hot________________7.early________________8.brave________________9.beautiful________________10.important________________三、形容詞、副詞比擬級的用法表示兩者間的比擬用比擬級。其常見句式有：1．“A+be+形容詞比擬級+than+B”意思為“”。如：.這棵樹比那棵樹高。注意：①在含有連詞than的比擬級中，前后的比擬對象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比擬。②在比擬級前面使用much，表示程度程度“強(qiáng)得多”。Awatermelonismuchbiggerthananapple.③very,quite一般只能修飾原級，不能修飾比擬級。2．“become+形容詞比擬級+and+形容詞比擬級”是“”的意思，and連接同一個形容詞的比擬級。Itbecomeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.注：表示“越來越……”時，假設(shè)比擬級是“原級+er”構(gòu)成的，那么常用“比擬級+and+比擬級”形式；假設(shè)比擬級是“more+原級”構(gòu)成的，需用“moreandmore+原級形式”。Ourschoolisbecoming〔越來越漂亮〕3.“the+比擬級…，the+比擬級…”，表示“”Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyouwillmake.4．在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比擬級形式。Whoistaller,TimorTom?四、形容詞、副詞的最高級的用法例：Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.Sheistheyoungestintheclass.1.句型：A+動詞+the+形容詞最高級+of〔in〕…表示三者或三者以上〔人或事物〕的比擬，其中有一個在某一方面超過其他幾個時，用最高級。最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the，后面可帶of〔in〕短語來說明比擬的范圍。1.Tomisthehappiestofusall.2.Thisparkisthemostbeautifulofthethree.拓展：of…和in…的區(qū)別〔1〕“of+復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在……之中的”；“在……中”ofthefour……ofall〔people〕ofalltheboysofusofallthings〔2〕“in+范圍、場所”譯為“在……之中”；“在……之內(nèi)”inthehouseinChinaintheworldinourschoolinmyfamilyMyfatheristhetallestinmyfamily.在我家里，我父親最高。2.句型：.oneofthe+最高級，表示“是最……之一者”ShanghaiiscitiesinChina.〔最漂亮之一〕Ourcityiscitiesintheworld.〔最平安之一〕languagesisEnglish.〔最重要之一〕AmericaisoneofthemostimportantcountriesforChina.注意：1.oneofthe+最高級，后面要加上名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，即為“oneofthe+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”2.“most+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“mostofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞〕或mostof+代詞，表示“大多數(shù)，大局部的……”Mostoftheboysaregood.Mostof〔hisbooks〕themwerewrittenhere.最高級的表示方法最高級的表示方法：我們可以用原級、比擬級、最高級三種方式來表達(dá)最高級，總結(jié)如下：她是她們班最好的學(xué)生。最高級：Sheisthebestinherclass.比擬級：Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.Nootherstudentinherclassisbetterthanshe.原級：Nootherstudentinherclassisasgoodasshe.總結(jié)：比擬級形式表達(dá)最高級的句型。比擬級+than+anyother+名詞單數(shù).Thebookismoredifficultthananyotherbookhere.比擬級+than+theother+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞Thisappleisbiggerthantheotherapplesinthebasket.五、注意1.形容詞最高級前一定要有定冠詞the，而副詞最高級前那么不需要。eg：Whatanimalsrunfastest?Theyrunfastestintheworld.2.形容詞的最高級可被序數(shù)詞修飾，表示“第幾〔長、大、高…〕”，形容詞的最高級前有物主代詞時，不加the。eg：LucyisthesecondtallestgirlinourfamilyTodayismyhappiestday.【經(jīng)典例題】1.—“FoodSfatety”problemisbecomingtheseday.—Ithinkso，Thegovernmentmustdodealwithit.〔2016·山東〕A.smallerandsamllerB.worseandworseC.betterandbetterD.nicerandnicer2.Heisalittlethanyou，butheisasasyou.〔2016·新疆〕A.thin；strongerD.thinner；strongerC.thinner；strongD.thin；strong3.—HaveyouwatchedABiteofChinarecently?—Ofcourse.IdobelieveChinesefoodis____intheworld.(2016·山西)A.themostdeliciousB.moredeliciousC.delicious4.Withthedevelopmentofmodernscience,It’s______forustogetinformationfromallovertheworld.A.slowerB.busierC.harderD.easier5.Theboxwas_____thanIhadexpected.IwasoutofbreathwhenIgothome.(2016·呼和浩特)A.moreheavierB.muchheavierC.littleheavierD.veryheavier6.—Doyoulikeeatingfish，WangHan?—Ofcourse.Nothingcanbe_______，Ithink.(2016·嘉興)A.delicious

B.beautiful

C.more

delicious

D.more

beautiful

7.—Heistheonlyonewhofailedinthemathexam.—Really?You

mean

he

studies________.(2016·白銀)A.the

most

careful

B.the

least

careful

C.the

most

carefully

D.the

least

carefully

8.Ibecomeoneofwritersinourschool.〔2017·陜西〕A.goodB.thebestC.poorD.thepoorest9.youspeak，yourEnglishwillbe.〔2016·陜西〕A.Theless；themoreB.Themore；thebetterC.Theless；thebetterD.Themore；theless10.Wehavedonemuchtoprotecttheenvironment.Sotheriverisgettingthanbefore.〔2015·陜西〕A.dirtierB.dirtyC.cleanerD.clean11.Lucyisa(n)student，sheanswerstheteachers’questioninherclass.〔2014·陜西〕A.moreactive；moreactivelyB.active；moreactivelyC.moreactive；themostactivelyD.active；themostactively【習(xí)題訓(xùn)練】一、單項(xiàng)選擇——whichcolourdoyoulike_________,blueorgreen?——Blue.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebestHedoesn’tplaytheviolinso________ashisfather.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.bestShanghaiis________oneofthetwocities.A.thelargerB.largerC.thelargestD.largest——Excuseme,sir.Theshoesareabitsmallforme.——Don’tworry.I’llchangethemfora_______size.A.smallerB.smallestC.largerD.largestIthinkBobisthemostsuitablepersontotakethejobbecausehecandotheworkwellwith_________moneyand________people.less;lessB.less;moreC.more;fewerD.less;fewer二、用所給詞的正確形式填空：1.Mybrotheristwoyears________(old)thanme.2.Isyourfriend________(young)thanyou?3.Whois________(thin)，youorHelen?4.Whosepencil-boxis________(big)，yoursorhers?5.Which

is

the______(heavy)

,

an

elephant,

a

horse

or

a

pig?6.This

country

is

_______(rich)

than

that

one.

7.His

sister

is

a

little

_______(tall)

than

him.

8.Herparents

have

four

daughters,

and

she

is

the_________(young)

one9.The

________________(expensive)

bags

are

not

always

the

best

ones.10.She

will

be

much

____________(happy)

in

her

new

house.三、選擇題

1.

The

yellow

shoes

are

_______

than

the

blue

ones.A

expensive

B

expensiver

Cmore

Dmost

2.

He

feels

_______

today

than

yesterday.A

tired

B

more

tired

C

more

tireder

D

much

tired

3.

Tim

is

_____

than

Jack.A

funny

B

much

funny

C

funnier

D

funniest

4.

I

am

taller

than

others

in

my

class.

I

am

_____

in

my

class.A

tall

B

taller

Cthe

taller

D

the

tallest

5.

I

have

______

books

than

you

have.A

many

B

much

C

more

D

most

6.

His

uncle

‘s

house

is

very

________

.A

old

Bolder

C

oldest

D

the

oldest

7.Mybikeis_______buthisbikeis_______AnewnewBnewnewerCnewnewestDnewernewest

8.Pleasecleanyourroom.It’s______now.AcleanBdirtyCcleanerDcleanest9.Ourschoolis_______thanyours.AthebiggestBbiggestCthebiggerDbigger四、完成句子1.誰比吉姆年紀(jì)大？Who

is

________________

Jim?

2.誰比大衛(wèi)更強(qiáng)壯？Who

is

______________

David?

3.誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？Whose

pencil

is,his

or

hers?

4.這本書比那本書更有趣。This

book

is

____________________________that

one.

5.今天比昨天冷。It

is

__________

today

_________

it

was

yesterday.閱讀能力提升與訓(xùn)練閱讀理解ChinesewriterMoYanwontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012.Mo,whowasbornin1955intoafarmer’sfamilyinGaomiCountyinShandongProvince,isthefirstChinesenationaltowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature.Inhisearlyyears,lifewasnoteasyandheexperiencedhunger(饑餓).ThesethingshaveinfluencedMoYan’slaterwritings.60-year-oldParkGeun-hye(樸槿惠)waselected(選舉)thenewPresidentofSouthKoreainDecember,2012.Shebecomesthecountry'sfirstfemaleheadofstateandhertermwilllastfiveyearsfrom2013.“Iwillbecomeapresidentwhoputspeople’slivingbeforeanythingelse,”ShetoldthecheeringpeopleincentralSeoulassheacceptedherwin.“Iwillkeepmypromises.”BarackObama(borninHonolulu,Hawaiiin1961),whowaselectedthe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesin2008,hasbeenelectedagaintoasecondterm,fightingagainstRepublicanchallengerMittRomney.ObamaisagraduateofColumbiaUniversityandHarvardLawSchool.HisfatherwasfromKenya.AndhismotherwasborninWichita,Kansas.1.WhenMoYanwasyoung,hisfamilymightbe______.A.bigB.p