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牛津譯林版八年級英語下冊Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握本課節(jié)新單詞及短語:hold,set,handout,setup3.掌握并能正確運用被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。2.了解使用被動語態(tài)的語境。4.熟悉并能運用引出動作執(zhí)行者的單詞by。口訣:誰做的動作不知道,說出誰做的沒必要;動作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào),被動語態(tài)運用到。在被動語態(tài)的句子里,如果我們需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者,可以由by引出。蛋糕是你母親做的嗎?是由貝爾發(fā)明的。IsthecakemadebyyourmotherThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery主動句變被動句的步驟:1.賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z(賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?.動詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞”;(be動詞體現(xiàn)時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化)3.原句主語放在by后面(賓格)。
(bysb.有時可省略)。4.其它的成分(定語、狀語)不變。Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryWecanalsointroducewhoorwhatperformsanactioninthepassivevoiceusingby.Weputbyandtheperformeraftertheverb.Ontheplane,volunteerdoctorsdooperations.Ontheplane,operationsaredone
by
volunteerdoctors.ORBISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.Manyblindpeoplewerehelped
by
ORBISdoctors.by…“被……”Howtouse'by'inpassivevoiceEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryCanTomcatchJerryAtlast,Jerrywascaught________.
activevoicepassivevoiceby
TomWatchandsay!Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery在感官動詞和使役動詞的主動語態(tài)句式中,動詞不定式的to常省去,但是在被動語態(tài)中要加上to。主動語態(tài)主語Theteacher謂語(主動式)made賓語him不帶to的不定式retellthestory.被動語態(tài)原賓語(改為主格)He謂語(被動式)wasmade帶to的不定式toretellthestoryby原主語(改為賓格)theteacher.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryTheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryItisusedasahospital.Itisalsousedasatrainingcentre.
WheredoORBISdoctorsdooperationsORBISdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.奧比斯醫(yī)生在飛機(jī)上動手術(shù)。
doactivevoice主動語態(tài)
Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.
Englishisspokenallovertheworldbypeople.2.Iborrowedthisbookfromthelibrarylastweek.Thisbookwasborrowedfromthelibrarylastweek.3.Weinvitedmanypeopletotheshow.Manypeoplewereinvitedtotheshow.4.DrMaoperatedon150patientsduringhisvisit.150patientswereoperatedonbyDrMaduringhisvisit.5.ORBISdoctorsalsousetheplaneasatrainingcenter.TheplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenterbyORBISdoctors.6.PrincessLaurawascaughtbyanevilwitch.(改為主動)An
evil
witch
caughtPrincessLaura.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryEveryone
likes
thebook.SVO→Thebook
isliked
byeveryone.He
wrote
aletter.→______________________________.They
built
ourschoolin2003.→____________________(__________)in2003.AletterwaswrittenbyhimOurschoolwasbuiltbythemColumbus
discoveredAmericain1492.→_________________________Columbusin1492.America
wasdiscoveredbyWhodiscoveredAmerica→Who____________________________was
America
discovered
byEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryWhatisneededbyORBIStohelpblindpeopleMoremoneyisneededbyORBIStohelpblindpeople.奧比斯需要更多的錢來幫助盲人。isneededpassivevoice被動語態(tài)Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.…,andabout80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.2.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.3.Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.4.…,150patientsareoperatedon.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.Japanesecamerasaresoldinthisshop.(改為否定句)Japanesecameras______________inthisshop.2.Hedidn’tbreakthewindows.(改為被動語態(tài))Thewindows_______________________________.3.Iwastoldtotakemyownfood.(改為一般疑問句)___________________totakeyourownfood4.IsteagrowninSouthChina(改為主動)______people_______teainSouthChina5.Manyanimals’furisusedformakingclothes.(提問)_______manyanimals’fur______________aren’tsoldwasn’tbrokenbyhimWereyoutoldDogrowWhat’susedforEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery被動語態(tài)◆am/is/are+done
am/is/arenot
+donewas/werenot
+done◆was/were+doneThesimplepresenttenseThesimplepasttensenegativesentencestructureHowtoformthepassivevoiceEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery判斷:主動語態(tài)(A)/被動語態(tài)(B);被動語態(tài)要劃出動詞部分.1)MillieandAmytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenteryesterday.2)The79-year-oldmanwassavedoutofafirelastyear.3)Thiskindofcakeiscalledmooncake.4)Peopleuseakeyboardtotypeinformationintothecomputer.5)Thewindowsinourclassroomarecleanedonceaweek.AABBBEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,表示的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中的語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是謂語的執(zhí)行者時,用主動語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是謂語的承受者時,用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)e.g.
Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.
我們每天都打掃教室。
Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.
教室每天都被(我們)打掃。主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時肯定句主語+am/is/are+V.pp主語+was/were+V.pp否定句主語+am/is/are+not+V.pp主語+was/were+not+V.pp一般疑問句Am/Is/Are+主語+V.pp?Was/Were+主語+V.pp?一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài):Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+is/am/are+及物動詞的過去分詞”。e.g.Thelittleboyislookedafterwellinthekindergarten.Thestreetsarecleanedeveryday.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”,其中,be因主語人稱和時態(tài)的不同要用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问?,在be后加not可變?yōu)榉穸ńY(jié)構(gòu)。Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:
主語+was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞e.g.Thewindowwasbroken.Thoseoldnewspaperswerethrownaway.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句形式是把be提到主語之前,其他成分語序不變,句末用問號。e.g.IsyourclassroomcleanedeverydayWasthishousebuiltlastyearEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery主語be動詞過去分詞一般過去時Iwasnotsupported.You/We/TheywerenotHe/She/ItwasnotIwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/ItwasEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery主語be動詞過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/ItisIamnotsupported.You/We/TheyarenotHe/She/ItisnotSummaryEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryactivevoicepassivevoiceImadesomebread.Somebreadme.
wasmadeby
1234找換改加FindthesubjectandobjectChangetheplaceofthesubjectandobjectChangetheverbintobe+done(be體現(xiàn)時態(tài))Add“by”beforethenewobjectRulestousepassivevoiceEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.TomoftenhelpsJennywhensheisintrouble.
JennyisoftenhelpedbyTomwhensheisintrouble.2.Iboughtacomputerlastweek.
Acomputerwasboughtbymelastweek.3.ThewholecakewaseatenbyEddieyesterday.
Eddieate
thewholecakeyesterday.4.Manytreesareplanted
bystudentsandteacherseveryyear.
Studentsandteachersplantmanytresseveryyear.5.Shetakes
goodcareofthechildren.
Thechildrenaretaken
goodcareof
byher.Putthesentencesintothepassivevoiceortheactivevoice.Haveatry!ActiveActiveActivePassivePassiveEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.Charityactivities________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoor2.Leaflets______________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteers3.ToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydoeveryyearEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery5.Warmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeople6.Acharityshow____________________________(hold/theStudents'Union).washeldbytheStudents'Union4.Newbooks_________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWhattheydidlastweekEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryAmy:I'mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:ReallyPleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.Daniel:That'sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yes.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.
wassetupwasopened
iscalled
wasstartedweregivenarebuiltaresoldisusedEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery通過以活動小結(jié)通過以上的活動,我們學(xué)習(xí)了被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時:被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):
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