電子血壓計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)參考文獻(xiàn)中英

電子血壓計(jì)及一般血壓計(jì)工作原理血壓原理什么叫做血壓？血壓，是血液流經(jīng)血管壁時(shí)的壓力。由心臟出來(lái)的血液，需要有推力，才能繞行身體一周，心臟就是借著不停的收縮、放松，將血液推送前進(jìn)。心臟像泵一水量大的狀況下，假設(shè)不用力壓泵，水就流不出來(lái)，假設(shè)導(dǎo)管堵塞，或前端變細(xì)，就的阻力等打算的。全身的血液量(越多、血壓越高)。血液的粘稠度(粘度增大，血壓變高)。降低血液的壓力。血壓有二種表現(xiàn)法血壓。依據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織定義：〔１〕140符合此兩個(gè)條件，就稱為高血壓。脈博是什么?計(jì)算。脈博測(cè)量精度，脈博測(cè)量與血壓測(cè)同步進(jìn)展，脈博值以一分鐘內(nèi)測(cè)得值值。血壓測(cè)量的原理血壓計(jì)的原理：了世界廣范使的聽(tīng)診法的根底，柯氏音法就是以柯羅托夫的名字命名的?？率弦舴ㄊ且月?tīng)取血液在血管中流淌時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音(柯羅托夫音)測(cè)量血壓。卷上臂帶送入空氣，漸漸加壓，截?cái)鄤?dòng)脈血液的流通。隨著臂帶空氣的漸漸排出，排到某個(gè)壓力時(shí)，血流開(kāi)頭恢復(fù)流淌就產(chǎn)生了柯羅托夫音。這時(shí)的壓力稱為最高血壓。進(jìn)一步的排出臂帶中的壓力，血管恢復(fù)到正常狀態(tài)時(shí)，就聽(tīng)不到柯羅托夫音。這時(shí)的壓力稱為最低血壓。這是迄今使用最廣范的一種測(cè)量方法?！墩袷幏ā酚捎谛呐K送出血流的作用，臂帶內(nèi)血管產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)。振蕩法是作簡(jiǎn)潔，任何人都可使用。但有時(shí)因血壓動(dòng)亂劇烈，不能很好地測(cè)量。血壓測(cè)量方法電子血壓計(jì)測(cè)量方法。振蕩法(2)狀態(tài)到(4)狀態(tài)的血流量作為脈壓，通過(guò)計(jì)算脈壓的變化及波形振動(dòng)，表示出最高血壓、最低血壓值。2.柯氏音法血壓值、在(4)的狀態(tài)下，柯夢(mèng)托夫音消逝時(shí)稱為最低血壓值。電子血壓計(jì)到底準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)?下面分幾個(gè)方面對(duì)大家介紹一下：首先要明確一個(gè)概念，人體血壓并不是說(shuō)體重或身高一樣是一個(gè)相對(duì)的固定值，而是在不斷變化的。人在興奮、緊急、運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)血壓要上升，而飲酒、洗澡后、抽煙時(shí)血壓要降低。醫(yī)學(xué)試驗(yàn)證明，一個(gè)正常人，一天當(dāng)中的血壓是有起810天中收縮壓(高壓)的變化幅度在20至40mmHg之間，舒張壓(低壓)的變化幅度510mmHg總是不一樣。實(shí)際上電子血壓計(jì)測(cè)出的數(shù)值反映的是人體測(cè)量時(shí)刻的血壓，從圖上可以看到，人體血壓是不斷變化的，兩次測(cè)量得到同一血壓值是格外罕見(jiàn)的。因此，只有每天在同一時(shí)間，用同一姿勢(shì)測(cè)量血壓，才能得到可比較的血壓值。每升10cm8mmHg10cm8mmHg電子血壓計(jì)與醫(yī)用水銀式血壓計(jì)的關(guān)系問(wèn)題，水銀式血壓計(jì)承受的是柯氏音法，電子血壓計(jì)承受的是示波(振蕩)法?？率弦舴ㄊ峭高^(guò)醫(yī)生用的聽(tīng)診器來(lái)聽(tīng)血管內(nèi)血液流淌的聲音，示波(振蕩)法是透過(guò)測(cè)量血液流淌時(shí)對(duì)血管壁產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)，雖然測(cè)量原理不同，但測(cè)試結(jié)果從理念上是一樣的。而實(shí)際上，柯氏音法由于每個(gè)醫(yī)生的聽(tīng)力反響速度不一樣，有時(shí)因血壓讀數(shù)沒(méi)有在測(cè)量時(shí)馬上登記而簡(jiǎn)潔造成較大的誤差，因此每個(gè)醫(yī)生的測(cè)量也會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤差，而電子血壓計(jì)則排解了人與人之間的差異。另外，醫(yī)生常略去一些誤差而取整數(shù)，比方：128mmHg、131mmHg，醫(yī)生都讀成130mmHg，而電子血壓計(jì)則是測(cè)出什么就顯示什么值。緊急及精神壓力，以致血壓上升，而在家比較放松，量的血壓就較低，這正是人體血壓的真實(shí)反響。顯差異。關(guān)于上臂式電子血壓計(jì)與腕式電子血壓計(jì)測(cè)量誤差大的問(wèn)題，從人體構(gòu)造來(lái)講，上臂處的動(dòng)脈與手腕處的動(dòng)脈血管粗細(xì)，也就是直徑幾乎是一樣的。一般mm，4.25mm，而且電子血壓計(jì)從設(shè)計(jì)到制造精度都是一樣的，出廠時(shí)每一臺(tái)的檢驗(yàn)規(guī)格也都是一樣的，因此從原理上沒(méi)有明顯誤差。否過(guò)高?過(guò)松?或過(guò)緊?)BloodPressureMonitorElectronicBloodPressureMonitorandthegeneralprincipleBloodpressureprincipleWhatisbloodpressure?Bloodpressurecomeswhenthebloodflowthroughthevesselwall.Bloodfromtheheartoutoftheneedforthrust,thebodycanbypasstheweek,stopbythecontractionoftheheartis,relax,pushthebloodforward.Astheheartpumpsbloodtolikeallpartsofthebody.Herewecomparedthehearttopumpbloodvesselscomparedtothecatheter.Forexample:thecaseofalargeamountofwater,ifnotbeatthepump,watertoLiuBuchu,ifcatheterblockage,orfront-endthinning,youneedmorepressure.Thelevelofbloodpressurebybloodflowandbloodflowinelastictubes,andothersystolicanddiastolicdeterminedresistance.Thebody”sbloodvolume(themore,thehigherthebloodpressure).Bloodviscosity(viscosity,bloodpressurebecomeshigher.)Arteryelasticity(elasticlowerbloodpressureandhigher)becauseoftheflexibilityofarterieswillexpand,youcanlowerbloodpressure.Peripheralarterialresistance(theresistanceincreases,bloodpressurebecomeshigher.)Therearetworepresentationsofbloodpressuresystolicbloodpressure:systolicbloodpressureisalsocalledthesystolicpressure,isahitwhenthesystolicbloodvesselstobloodpressuremeasured.DBP:diastolicbloodpressurecalleddiastolicpressure,theheartdoesnotshrinkfromthepressure.AccordingtotheWHOdefinition:systolicbloodpressureover140mmHgover90mmHgdiastolicpressureMeetthetwoconditions,itiscalledhypertension.Whatispulse?Pollexheartarteryrelaxationinducedcontraction,thiscontractionspreadsheetsproducedbyperipheralbloodvesselsiscalledPollexpulse.Nearthesurfaceorinthebonejustabovethearterialflowiseasytotouchonthepulse,usuallymeasuredintheradialartery.Thenumberofrestingpulseof60to80timesaminute,butaccordingtothemovementofphysicalconditionandsubjecttochange.Generalelectronicbloodpressuremonitorinthemeasurementofbloodpressuremeasuredinthesamepulse,pulsevalueisthevaluemeasuredoveraminutetocalculate.Precisionpulse,pulseandbloodpressuremeasuredsimultaneouslymeasured,pulsevaluevaluesmeasuredoveraminute,dropinthe± 5%orless.Thecaseofveryirregularpulsecannotbeproperlymeasured,showingnopulsevalue.TheprincipleofbloodpressuremeasurementBloodpressureprinciple:“Korotkoffsoundmethod,“in1905,Russia”sNicoRoy,CorotRostovfoundvasculartone,isnowaworldwiderangemakethebasisofauscultation,KorotkoffsoundmethodistoCorotKostovnamed.Korotkoffsoundmethodistolistentobloodflowinbloodvesselsinthesound(CorotRostovsound)bloodpressuremeasurement.Upperarmintotheairwithavolumegraduallypressurized,cuttheflowofarterialblood.Asthearmisgraduallypassedoutwiththeair,dischargedtoapressure,bloodflowbegantorecovertonetoproduceaCorotRostov.Atthistimethepressureiscalledthehighbloodpressure.Furtherdischargeofthepressurecuff,bloodvesselsreturntonormalstate,tohearthesound RostovCorot.Atthistimethe pressureiscalledthelowbloodpressure.Thisisbyfarthemostwidelyusedasameasurementmethod.“Oscillation“sentthebloodflowoftheheart,bloodvesselswitharmvibration.Oscillationistodetectthevibrationwaveformofthemethodwasbloodpressure.RostovisdifficulttolistentothesoundofCorotpeoplecanmeasure,freefromoutsidenoiseimpact.Themainhospitalinaforeigncountryareusingelectronicbloodpressuremonitor.Becausetheydonotusethestethoscope,anarmbandissimple,anyonecanuse.Butsometimesduetopressurefluctuations,isnotwellmeasured.BloodpressuremeasurementmethodsElectronicbloodpressuremeasurement.OscillometryTofrom(2)stateto(4)stateasapulsepressureofbloodflowbycalculatingchangesinpulsepressureandwavevibration,expressedthemosthighbloodpressure,thebloodpressurevalues.Relativelyeasytomeasure,mostelectronicdevicesareusingthismeasurement.KorotkoffsoundmethodIn(3)thestate,beginningwithastethoscopetohearthebloodflowsoundcalledRostovCorotwhenthevalueofmosthighbloodpressure,in(4)ofthestate,KedreamRostovsounddisappearsasthemostbloodpressurevalues.IswhethertheRightBloodPressureMonitorElectronicdeviceonthemarkettodayaremore,manypeoplehavequestionsaftertheuseofelectronicbloodpressuremonitorwhatabouttheaccuracy?Thefollowingareseveralaspectstohighlight:First,aconceptmustbeclear,thebodyweightorheight,bloodpressuredoesnotmeanthatasarelativelyfixedvalue,butconstantlychanging.Peopleintheexcitement,tension,bloodpressureshouldbeincreasedduringexercise,anddrinking,afterbathing,smoking,bloodpressureshouldbereduced.Medicaltestsshowthatanormalperson,thedaythebloodpressureisfluctuating,thepeopleinthelowestbloodpressureduringsleep,8amto10pointsthehighestbloodpressure,anormalday,systolicbloodpressure(hypertension)wereintherangeof20to40mmHgbetweenthediastolicbloodpressure(lowpressure)changesintherangeofbetween10to20mmHg,evenatnight,insleep,thereare5to10mmHgfluctuating.Somepeoplesaythatthedoctormeasuredmybloodpressureis60/120mmHg,butathome,thenumberofelectronicbloodpressuremeasurementisnotalwaysthesame.Electronicbloodpressuremeasuredinfactreflectsthehumanvaluesofbloodpressuremeasurementtime,canbeseenfromthechart,humanbloodpressureisconstantlychanging,thetwomeasurementsforthesamebloodpressureisveryrare.Therefore,onlyadayatthesametime,bloodpressuremeasurementwiththesamegesture,togetacomparablebloodpressurevalues.Measurementofthepositionalsohaveanimpactonthemeasurementresults.TheresultsshowthattheheightmeasurementpositionperliterthantheheartHighbloodpressuretoreduce8mmHg10cmorso,reducetheheightof10cmperliterofbloodpressuretoabout8mmHg.Electronic device and the medical relationship between the mercurysphygmomanometer,mercurysphygmomanometerwasusedKorotkoffsoundmethod,electronicoscillometricbloodpressuremonitorisused(vibration)method.Korotkoffsoundmethodisthroughadoctor”sstethoscopetolistentothevoiceofblood flowwithinbloodvessels,oscilloscope(OSC)methodisthemeasurementofbloodflowthroughthevesselwallwhenthevibration,althoughthemeasurementprincipleisdifferent,butthetestresultsfromtheconceptisthesame.Infact,Korotkoffsoundmethodofhearingtheresponsespeedofeachdoctorisdifferent,andsometimesduetothemeasurementofbloodpressurereadingsimmediatelywhenthereisnorecordandlikelytocauselargeerrors,eachphysicianwillproduceerrorsofmeasurement,andElectronicdeviceisexcludedfromthedifferencesbetweenpeople.Inaddition,doctorsoftenspentanumberoferrorsandrounded,suchas:128mmHg,131mmHg,doctorspronounced130mmHg,whiletheelectronicdevicetodetectwhatiswhatvaluetodisplay.Thereareuserscomplainedthatthemeasurementisalwayslowathome,onetothehospitalforhighbloodpressure,bothcalled“whitecoathypertensionsyndrome.“Thatisinthehospitalbeforethedoctorwillunknowinglyhavesomedegreeofanxiety,tensionandmentalstress,resultinginhighbloodpressure,butmorerelaxedathome,theamountofbloodpressuretolowerbloodpressure,whichisthetruereactionofthebody.Thesephenomenatogether,togiveanelectronicsphygmomanometerbloodpressuremeasurementswithdifferentdoctors,andallowedtheimpressionthatelectronicbloodpressuremonitor.Infact,in