中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)

ThePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式

have/has+Vpp助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞否認(rèn)疑問(wèn)haven’thasn’tHaveyou……?Hashe……?1.規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞2.不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞finish--finished--finishedlive--lived--livedcarry--carried--carriedstop—stopped--stoppedgo—went—gonesee---saw—seenforget—forgot--forgotten

１.肯定句：主語(yǔ)＋have/has+過(guò)去分詞＋其他成分。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句式：２.否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)＋have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞＋其他成分。

3.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞＋其他成分？4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋have/has＋其他成分？肯定句：Ihavecleanedmybedroom.否認(rèn)句：Ihaven’tcleanedmybedroom.一般疑問(wèn)句：Haveyoucleanedyourbedroom?特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whathaveyoudone?不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成1.三個(gè)主要?jiǎng)釉~is,ambearewaswerebeenhave/hashadhaddo/doesdiddone2.AAA型〔三者一致〕cutcutcutletletletputputputcostcostcostreadreadreadbeatbeatbeathurthurthurt3.ABA型〔過(guò)去分詞與原形一致〕comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranrun4.ABB型〔過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式一致〕bringbroughtbroughtfindfoundfoundhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptmakemademade此外還有babysit，build，buy，catch，feed，feel，fight，forget，hang，hold，lay，learn，leave，lie，lose，mean，meet，pay，say，,sell，send，show，sit，sleep，spell，spend，stand，sweep，teach，tell，think,win等等。5.ABC型〔三者不一致〕eatateeatengivegavegivenwritewrotewrittenseesawseengetgotgottenbeginbeganbegun此外還有g(shù)o,take,know,speak,swim等等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+v-ed)1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常和just,already,yet,等連用.(漢語(yǔ)常用“已經(jīng)”“了”“過(guò)”來(lái)表達(dá))例如:(1)Tomhasjustturnedoffthelight.(2)Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(3)Theyhaven’theardfromSamyet.1.already:“已經(jīng)”一般用在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句中。

eg:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm．a(chǎn)lready與yet區(qū)別2.already假設(shè)用在疑問(wèn)句中，常表示吃驚意外的語(yǔ)氣。此時(shí)already常放在句末。eg:Haveyoufinishedalready?(我以為你沒(méi)有做完，表示出乎意料。)

3.yet：“還”一般用在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中。eg:Haveyoufoundyourruleryet？你已經(jīng)找到尺子了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+v-ed)2.表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在之間的經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)歷,常和ever,never,before，sofar,once,twice,threetimes(表次數(shù)),inthepast+一段時(shí)間等詞連用.(漢語(yǔ)中常用“過(guò)”來(lái)表示)例如:(1)HaveyouevervisitedtheUSA?(2)Ihaveneverbeentoaswimmingpool.(3)HehasflowntoLosAngelesbefore.多用于疑問(wèn)句，問(wèn)初次經(jīng)歷。表否認(rèn)含義用于句末，表“之前”一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:注意:for和since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間.Hehasbeenawaysincelastweek.Hehasbeenawayforsevendays.Howlongfor:+段時(shí)間

foranhourfortwoweekssince

點(diǎn)時(shí)間(過(guò)去的),sinceninesincetwodaysago

一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

sinceyoucamesinceyougothome.表示從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與瞬間動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：1.Hehasleft.2.Hehasleftforthreeyears.3.Hehasbeenawayforthreeyears.×√√1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

catch(get)acoldcome/go/becomegettoknowputonborrow/lendbuyhave

haveacoldbe終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞keepknow動(dòng)作變狀態(tài)wear2.轉(zhuǎn)化成be+名詞

jointhearmy/Party

gotoschoolbeamemberof…bein終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞beastudent動(dòng)作變狀態(tài)3.轉(zhuǎn)化成be+adj/adv終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作變狀態(tài)dieleavefinish/endbegin/startclose/opengotosleepgooutwakeupbecomeinterestedinbedeadbeawaybeoverbeonbeclosed/openbeasleep/sleepybeoutbeawakebeinterestedin4.轉(zhuǎn)化成be+介詞短語(yǔ)

jointhearmy/Party

gotoschoolarrivein/atbeamemberof…bein終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞bein/atschool動(dòng)作變狀態(tài)bein/at現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)，僅僅表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾發(fā)生過(guò)這一動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

〔學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)五年了，現(xiàn)在仍然在學(xué)〕〔只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了?！骋话氵^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句①.我們買(mǎi)這本書(shū)三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.②他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.③自從上星期以來(lái),我就借了這本書(shū).

Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.④我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.

Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.

Iborrowedthebooklastweek.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.⑤

MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.⑥小明參軍半年了。XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.⑦我們上了8年學(xué)了。Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.⑧下課10分鐘了

Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.9.電影開(kāi)始了一小時(shí)了

Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“三看三用”一看時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如果句中沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確切時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果有，那么只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Ihavevisitedthefactory.Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.二看句首有無(wú)疑問(wèn)詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問(wèn)人家做過(guò)某事了嗎〔句首無(wú)疑問(wèn)詞〕，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；但進(jìn)一步詢問(wèn)何時(shí)、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時(shí)〔句首有疑問(wèn)詞〕就要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：－Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?－Yes,Ihave.－Whendidyouhaveit?－Atseventhirty.三看句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，那么用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths.HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago.注意：這種用法是以連貫性問(wèn)答為背景的。否那么就需要具體情況具體分析。如：Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart?Howdidyoulearnthembyheart?3.have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He______________hisschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.3.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.hasgonetohavebeeninhavebeento表示去過(guò)某地,已經(jīng)回來(lái)表示去了某地,還未回來(lái)翻譯以下句子她曾經(jīng)去過(guò)上海。ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.他在上海10年了。HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears他去上海了。HehasgonetoShanghai.EXERCISEHe_________(work)inourschoolforoneyear.He______(come)toourschoollastyear/in2002.They__________(cook)thesupperalready.They_______(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.hasworkedcamehavecookedcooked2.Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.

Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswriting

Ｃ.wroteＤ.haswritten3.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.

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