人教版中考英語語法專題-情態(tài)動詞

中考英語語法專題情態(tài)動詞一．定義：情態(tài)動詞，也叫做情態(tài)助動詞，指的是用來表示說話者觀點、態(tài)度、情感、意愿等方面的一類特殊的助動詞。常見的情態(tài)動詞包括：can,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would和oughtto等。情態(tài)動詞通常與原形動詞連用，用來表達說話者對某種行為的可能性、能力、應該性、必須性、意愿性、推測性、建議性等含義。它們具有以下的特點：1.不能單獨使用，必須與一個動詞原形連用2.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不受時態(tài)和語態(tài)的影響例如：1.Youshouldlistentoyourparents.（你應該聽父母的話。）2.Shecouldplaythepianowhenshewasfive.（她五歲時就會彈鋼琴了。）3.Wemustfinishtheworkbeforedeadline.（我們必須在截止日期之前完成工作。）4.Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrythisbox?（請你幫我抬這個箱子好嗎？）5.Hemaynotetothepartytonight.（他今晚可能不會來參加聚會。）二．情態(tài)動詞分類(1)一些常見的情態(tài)動詞及其否定形式：情態(tài)動詞基本含義否定式及縮寫can能夠，可以cannot(can't)will樂意willnot(won't)would樂意wouldnot(wouldn't)shall應該shallnot(shan't)should應該shouldnot(shouldn't)must一定，必須mustnot(mustn't)needn't一些常見的半情態(tài)動詞及其否定形式：半情態(tài)動詞基本含義否定式及縮寫need需要neednot(needn't)oughtto應該oughtnotto(oughtn'tto)hadbetter最好hadbetternotusedto過去（常常）didnotuseto(didn'tuseto)或usednottohaveto必須donothaveto(don'thaveto)三．情態(tài)動詞的中考考點（1）can、could、beableto的區(qū)別：當涉及到能力、可能性和許可性時，"can"、"could"和"beableto"都可以用來表達。盡管它們在某些情況下可以互換使用，但仍然存在一些細微的差別。"can"：用于表示現(xiàn)在能力、技能；"could"：用于表示過去的能力、技能；翻譯為“能夠、會，”都可以與beableto互換。但beableto可以用于任何時態(tài)，也可以前加情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，如：willbeableto。Shecanswim.（她會游泳。）IcanspeakEnglishfluently.（我能夠流利地講英語。）WhenIwasyounger,Icouldrunveryfast.（我年輕時跑得很快。）Iwasabletopasstheexamination.（我通過了考試。）Iwillbeabletoattendthemeetingtomorrow.（明天我能參加會議。）"can"和"could"還表示請求或許可。could的語氣比can要委婉一些，但是最正式最委婉的用詞是情態(tài)動詞may;因此委婉語氣程度依次為：_________＞__________＞___________回答的時候一般用_______來回答。肯定答語：Yes,sure./Yes,Ican./Ofcourse,Ican./Noproblem./Withpleasure…否定答語：可先拒絕，再說明理由：Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto…／Sorry,I'mgoingto.../I'mafraidIcan't.Ihaveto……Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?（你能把鹽遞給我嗎？）MayIein?（我能進來嗎？）Canyouhelpmewithmyhomework?（你能幫一下我的作業(yè)嗎？）Youcandowhateveryouwantifyoufinishyourhomework.（如果作業(yè)做完了，你就可以做你想做的。）Youcan'tplayfootballinthestreet.（你不可以在街上踢足球。）【中考模擬】1．Youmaynotbeabletocontrolallthethingsthathappentoyou,butyou_______decidenottobereducedbythem.A．should B．must C．need D．can2．Thevolunteerspokeasclearlyasshe_________tomakethevisitorsunderstandher.A．possible B．can C．could D．a(chǎn)reable3．—Mom,couldIwatchTVnow?—No,you__________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A．can't B．can C．needn't D．need4．—Thereisanewartmuseuminourcity.You________missit.—Thankyou.Iwon't.A．can't B．must C．needn't D．mustn't5．—________youhelpme?Ican'tworkouttheproblem.—Sure.A．Could B．Need C．Should D．May6．—________yougivemeahand?Ican'topenthisbottle.—Noproblem.A．Should B．Must C．Could D．Need答案：DCAAAC（2）must、haveto、mustn't的區(qū)別："must"和"haveto"都可以用來表示必須、需要、有義務做某事，其否定形式為：“needn't或don't/doesn'thaveto”;但它們有一些細微的區(qū)別。"must"：強調說話者主觀的觀點、決定或推斷。它通常用于表達說話者的個人意愿、要求或建議。Ineedn'tfinishthisreportbytomorrow.Instead,Icanhanditinnextweek.（我不需要在明天之前完成這份報告，相反，我可以下個星期再上交。）Youmuststudyhardifyouwanttopasstheexam.（如果你想通過考試，你必須努力學習。）Wemustbecarefulwhendrivinginheavyrain.（在大雨天駕車時我們必須小心。）2."haveto"：強調客觀的需求、責任或規(guī)定。它通常用于表達外部約束、法律規(guī)定或情況所迫。Ihavetoattendameetingthisafternoon.（今天下午我必須參加一個會議。）Theyhavetowearuniformsatschool.（他們在學校必須穿制服。）Youdonothavetobringagifttotheparty.（你不必給聚會帶禮物。）3."mustn't"不是must的否定形式。mustn't意為“禁止、嚴禁”，表示強烈的不允許。語氣比can't更加強烈、濃厚。Youmustn'tplayfootballinthestreet.（你在街上禁止踢足球。）Lookthesign.Youmustnotsmokeinthisarea.（看告示牌，在這個區(qū)域內禁止吸煙。）【中考模擬】7．—Mom,duringyourbusinesstrip,mustIwatertheflowerseveryday?—No,you________.Youcanwateritonceaweek.A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't D．couldn't8．Thepublicsigninthelibrarymeanspeople______smokethere.A．couldn't B．could C．mustn't D．must9．—MustIfinishExercise1now?—No,you________.You________doitafterschool.A．needn't;may B．mustn't;may C．mustn't;must D．mustn't;can10．—________Ifinishmyworknow?—No,you________.Youcandoitlater.A．May;needn't B．Must;don'thaveto C．Can;couldn't D．Must;mustn't11．—Mum,canIwearmyjeanstoschool?—No,you________wearyourschooluniform.Thisistheschoolrule.A．can B．may C．haveto D．must12．Itwasrainingwhentheschoolwasover,sowe________stayintheclassroom.A．must B．haveto C．hadto D．mustn't答案：BCDBCC（3）：must、can't、may、might表示推測;推測的可能性依次為：_____________＞_______________＞_______________*"must"表示邏輯上的肯定推測，表示某事幾乎可以確定。*"can't"表示邏輯上的否定推測，表示某事幾乎不可能。*"may"表示較弱的可能性，表示某事有一定的可能性。*"might"表示更加不確定的可能性，比"may"強調更小的概率。Hemustbetiredbecauseheworkedlatelastnight.（他一定累了，因為昨晚工作到很晚。）Shecan'thaveforgottenaboutthemeeting.She'susuallyveryorganized.（她不可能忘記開會，她通常非常有組織性。）I'mnotsure.Itmay/mightbeMrs.Li,ournewEnglishteacher.（我不確定，可能是李老師，我們新的英語老師）【中考模擬】13．—Look,Sarah,there'sarednotebookonthedesk.Whoseisit?—It_________beTom'sashisnotebookisblue.It_________beLily'sashernameisonthecover.A．mustn't;must B．mustn't;can C．can't;must D．can't;may14．It_______beTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithoutacar.A．may B．can't C．mustn't D．shouldn't15．—Who'sgoingtogiveusaspeechnextFridayafternoon?—I'mnotsure.It________beMr.Brown,thenewforeignteacherfromFrance.A．must B．may C．will D．can16．—Doyouhaveanyplansfortheingsummerholiday?—I'mnotsure.I________gotoQingdao.A．should B．must C．can D．may17．—Sam,whatpresentwillyougiveyourmotherforheringbirthday?—Ihaven'tdecidedyet.I________makeherabirthdaycakebymyself.A．must B．may C．would D．should18．WiththerapiddevelopmentofAI,manypeopleworrythatthey________losetheirjobsoneday.A．may B．should C．must D．can19．—Whereareyougoingthisweekend?—I'mnotsure.I______gocampingontheMoonBeach.It'ssaidthatit'safascinatingplacetotakeaholiday.A．can't B．need C．might D．must20．—DidyoufindyourEnglishnotebook?—No.IsearchedalltheplaceswhereI________haveleftit,butwithnoluck!A．must B．should C．can D．might21．—Alex,wheredidyouleaveyourschoolbag?—Well,Ican'tremember.Itookpartinaconcertyesterday,soit________beinthemusichall.A．should B．might C．must D．need答案：CBBDBACDC（4）：shouldoughttohadbetter的區(qū)別："should"、"oughtto"和"hadbetter"都是表示建議、意見或應該做某事的情態(tài)動詞。雖然它們在表達上有些相似，但仍存在一些細微的區(qū)別：1."should"：用于提出一般性的建議或推薦，表示根據(jù)常規(guī)、道德或理性判斷，應該采取的行動。Youshouldapologizeforyourmistake.（你應該為你的錯誤道歉。）Studentsshouldrespecttheirteachers.（學生應該尊重他們的老師。）2."oughtto"：與"should"類似，也表示應該做某事，但更強調道德、責任、習慣或理所當然。Heoughttohelphiselderlyneighbors.（他應該幫助年長的鄰居。）Weoughttotakecareoftheenvironment.（我們應該保護環(huán)境。）3."hadbetter"：表示強烈的建議或警告，暗示如果不按建議行事可能會有不良后果。Youhadbetterhurryoryou'llmissthetrain.（你最好趕快，否則會錯過火車。）Wehadbetterdoublechecktheinformationbeforesubmittingit.（在提交之前最好再核對一下信息。）【中考模擬】22．We________dosomehouseworkinourfreetimetoletourparentshavearest.A．can B．might C．could D．should23．Historyisthebesttextbook.Wewillmoveforward,butwe_____neverforgetwhatwehaveexperienced.A．need B．should C．might D．can24．—Howmuchwaterdoweneed?—Sixbottles________beenough.A．need B．should C．hadbetter D．wouldrather25．Theearthisourhome.Everyone________takecareofit.A．usedto B．needto C．shouldto D．oughtto26．Everyoneought_________agreenerperson.A．is B．be C．tobe D．bee27．Whilewatchingthefilm,you________makeanynoise.A．notoughtto B．oughtnotto C．don'toughtto D．oughttonot28．Studentsought________thetruth.A．totell B．tell C．telling D．told29．Readers___________talkloudlyinthelibrary.A．oughtnot B．oughtto C．oughttonot D．oughtnotto30．—You'dbetter_______early.Itisgoodforyourhealth.—Thanks.I'lldoasyousay.A．togetup B．gettingup C．getup D．gotup答案：DBBDCBADC（5）need情實共存：*當"need"被用作實義動詞時，它具有以下特點：1."need"后面需加上“to+動詞原形”來構成不定式短語。Ineedtofinishthistaskbeforetomorrow.（我需要在明天之前完成這個任務。）Youneedtostudyhardfortheexam.（你需要為考試努力學習。）2.否定形式使用完整形式："don't/doesn'tneedtodo"來表示不需要做某事。Youdonotneedtoworryaboutit.（你不需要擔心。）Shedoesn'tneedtoetothemeetingifshedoesn'twantto.（如果她不想來，她就不需要參加會議。）*當"need"被用作情態(tài)動詞時，它具有以下特點：1.否定形式使用縮略形式"needn't"來表示不需要做某事。Youneedn'tworryaboutit.（你不必擔心。）Sheneedn'tetothemeetingifshedoesn'twantto.（如果她不想來，她就不必參加會議。）2.疑問形式與一般疑問句相同：將"need"調整到句首，即可形成疑問句。NeedIfinishthistoday?（我今天需要完成嗎？）Needtheybringtheirownequipment?（他們需要自帶設備嗎？）【中考模擬】31．—Dad,mustIbeeadoctorlikeyouwhenIfinishuniversityinthefuture?—________.Youcanmakeyourowndecisionanddowhateveryoulike.A．Yes,youmust B．No,youneedn't C．Yes,youcan D．No,youcan't32．Itseemstorain.You________watertheflowersinthegarden.A．must B．needn't C．should D．mustn't33．—Mustwefinishdoingtheprojecttoday?—No,you________.NextweekisOK.A．can't B．mayno C．needn't D．mustn't34．—MustIwritethereportbyhand,Mrs.Taylor?—No,you________.Youcanwriteitontheputer.A．needn't B．mustn't C．can't D．shouldn't35．—Iheardyouwenttoseeadoctorthismorning.—That'strue.Butyou________worryaboutme.It'snotserious.A．needn't B．mustn't C．couldn't D．can't答案：BBCAA（6）will、would的用法1.表示恭謙的請求、建議等，常用于疑問句，would比will委婉客氣Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindow?（你介意我開窗嗎？）表示意志、愿望和決心Iwillneverdothatagain.（我再也不那樣了。）IwillgotoBeijingtohavealookwhenIgrowup.（當我長大的時候，我要去北京看看。）表示估計或猜想Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.（我離開家的時候，估計十來歲。）wouldliketodo=wantto想要，為固定搭配Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some，而不是any；Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?（你想要喝點兒什么嗎？）Yes.Pleasegivemeacupofcoffee.（是的，請給我來一杯咖啡。）【中考模擬】36．—Don'tusemyputerplease.—Sorry!I________doitagain.A．can't B．mustnot C．won't D．should37．—Remembertocallmewhenyouarrive,Mike.—I________,mum.A．must B．can C．will D．should38．MotherhadahardtimegettingHelenupinthemorning.Shecalledandcalled,butHelen________wakeup.A．wouldn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．shouldn't39．________youliketogotoschoolwithme?A．Can B．Are C．Would D．Does40．—Wouldyoulike__________todrink,Lucy?

—Thanks.Acupofgreentea,please.A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing答案：CCACA（7）與情態(tài)動詞相關的慣用語1.cannothelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Icannothelpsmiling.我情不自禁地笑了。2.cannot…too+adj./adv.無論怎樣都不為過，越……越好Youcannotbetoocarefulwhiledriving.開車的時候，你越小心越好。cannot+比較級=最高級Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?周末去野餐怎么樣？Icouldn’tagreemore.我非常贊同。wouldratherdoAthandoB=woulddoAratherthandoB.寧愿做A這件事，也不愿做B這件事IwouldratherwatchTVthangoouttowatchamovie.=IwouldwatchTVratherthangoouttowatchamovie.我寧愿看電視也不愿出去看電影。5.sth.needdoing是主動形式表示被動=needtobedone（見被動語態(tài)詳解）Theflowersinthegardenneednow.（花園里的花需要澆水了。）6.as......assb.can/could=as......assb.possible盡可能......Thevolunteerspokeasclearlyashecouldtomakethevisitorsunderstandhim.那個志愿者盡可能地講清楚以便游客們能夠聽懂他?！局锌寄M】41．Heisjustakid.We'dbetter________toostrictwithhim.A．nottobe B．notbe C．benot D．benotto42．—Whoseisthepencilbox?—It________beTom's.Lookathisnameonthecover!A．can B．may C．need D．must43．—WhenwetalkaboutdeliciousfoodinWuhan,HotDryNoodles_________bementioned.—Withoutdoubt,itisquitepopular.A．might B．must C．could D．shall44．—MayIsmokehere?—No,you________.Nosmokingintheschoolyard.A．needn't B．wouldn't C．couldn't D．mustn't45．Thebook________beMary's.Wecanseehernameonit.A．must B．need C．can't D．needn't46．—Whodoesthemathbookonthefloorbelongto?—It_________beSandy's.Look,hernameisonthecoverofthebook.A．might B．must C．shall D．may47．—MissLi.Idon'twanttosaysorrytoDaniel.—I'mafraidyou________.Afterall,youbrokehisglasses.A．may B．haveto C．mustn't D．needn't48．—Chris,shallwegotothebookstorethisafternoon?—I'msorry,David,butI________meetmycousinatthetrainstation.A．can B．may C．could D．haveto49．—I'dliketobuysomeMagicNovels.—Youhadbetter________thekindofbooks.Thestoriesinthemarefarfromreallife.A．read B．notread C．count