2023年中考英語語法學習之非謂語動詞用法解析與練習鞏固

2023年學校英語語法學習之非謂語動詞用法解析與

練習穩(wěn)固

L概念和功能：做非謂語成分（主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓

補）的動詞形式，包括ing分詞，不定式和ed分詞。

2.非謂語動詞使用條件：一個簡潔句里只能有一個謂語動詞，是主

要動作;假如還需要用動詞，那么只能用非謂語動詞作其它成分，表示

次要動作（假如一個句子里面有兩個或兩個以上的謂語動詞，必定各自

有自己的主語，每一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)實際就是一個小簡潔句，每兩個小簡潔

句之間應(yīng)當有連詞來表達它們之間的規(guī)律關(guān)系，這樣的大句子就不是簡

潔句，而是簡單句了）。

3.各種非謂語動詞的形式和意義（時間含義和時態(tài)）：

1）不定式：

（l）todo:

A.意義：多表后時，后于主要動作（一般為謂語動作）發(fā)生;少數(shù)動詞

表示和主要動作相比是一個常態(tài)或者常常發(fā)生或者是一個泛指動作;多

表示主動關(guān)系，少數(shù)表示和相關(guān)名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系

B?句法功能：可作除謂語之外的任何成分（主，賓，表，定，狀，賓

補）

C.例句：

Tobeateacherismydream.（主）

Idon'twanttodrink.（賓）Herintentionistoadvocateforeign

languagestudy.（表）1amadvertisingforayoungwomantolook

aftermybaby.（定,主動關(guān)系）Shehasnobodytotalkwith.（定,動

賓關(guān)系）Sheworkeddayandnighttoworkouta

solution.（狀）Parentsexpecttheirchildrentosucceed.（賓補）

（2）tobedone:

A.意義：時間關(guān)系同todo;表示被動關(guān)系

B?句法功能：同todo.

C.例句：It'snothingfunnytobecalledaliar..（主，泛指動作）1

don,twanttobemadetoeatdogfood.（賓）Mydreamistobe

acceptedbyOxfordUniversity.（表）Themeetingtobeheldis

aboutenvironmentalprotection.（定）Tobeprotectedbythe

police,shehastoreporttothemabouthersituation.（狀）The

childrenwantedtheireffortstobeappreciated.（賓補）

(3)tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendone/tohave

beendoing:

A.意義：與主要動作完全同時(正在進行);主動關(guān)系/先于主要動作發(fā)

生;主動關(guān)系/先于主要動作發(fā)生;被動關(guān)系/在主要動作之前開頭始終連

續(xù)到主要動作或者在主要動作之前某一點時刻正在發(fā)生;主動關(guān)系

B.句法功能：

這四種形式的不定式一般只和固定搭配中使用，如：

seem/appear/pretend/belikely/besaid/be

thought/beconsidered/bereported/bebelieved/be

supposed/turnout/mean/intend等+不定式

C.例句：Theypretendedtobefightingwhenthepolicepassed

by.=Theypretendedthattheywerefighting...

Theyaresaidtohaveclonedanimalsbefore.=It'ssaidthat

theyhavecloned...

Sheislikelytohavebeentrainedasazookeeper.=It'slikely

thatshewastrainedasazookeeper.

Sheisreportedtohavebeenworkingontheplanthesedays.

=Ifsreportedthatshehasbeenworkingon...

2）-ing分詞

（l）doing

A.意義：與主要動作相比是同時關(guān)系，有時候表示是一個泛指動作；

主動關(guān)系（表示泛指動作時是動作發(fā)出者是泛指的任何人）

B.句法功能：

可作除謂語之外的任何成分（主，賓，表，定，狀，賓補）

C.例句：Praisingchildrencanworkbetterthancriticizing

them.（主/賓，泛寺旨動作）Teachersenjoypointingouttheirstudents,

mistakes.（賓）Seeingisbelieving.（主/表,泛指動作）scientists

pushingaheadwiththeresearch（定）UsinguptheEarth1scoal

andoilreserves,thehumanracehastofindalternative

energy.（狀）Keeptheballrolling（賓補）

（2）beingdone

.意義：時間關(guān)系同被動關(guān)系。

Adoingo

B.句法功能：主，賓，表，定，狀，賓補

C.Beingbuilt,thebridgesuddenlycollapsed.（狀）Being

interferedwithwhilestudyingcanbetheworstthing.（主）theboy

beingbeaten（定）Ican'tstandbeingblamedfornothing

wrong.（賓）WhatIreallyenjoyisbeingamusedbystandups.（表）

Seeingthefrontdoorbeingpainted,Igotinthroughtheback

door.

（3）havingdone

A.意義：先于主要動作發(fā)生;主動關(guān)系

B?句法功能：多做狀語，有時做主，賓，表（不做定語和賓補）

C.例句：Iamsorryforhavingbeen/beinglateforthe

assemblyyesterday.（賓）

Havingdoneasimilarjobbeforegiveshimanadvantageover

me.（主）

Theonlythingyoucantellhimisyourhavingworkedasa

teacher.俵）Havingworkedasaprimaryschoolteacher,hesoon

adaptedtobeingwithchildren.（狀）

（4）havingbeendone

A.意義：先于主要動作發(fā)生;被動關(guān)系。做狀語時，假如不需要特殊

強調(diào)此一動作發(fā)生在先，havingbeen可省略。但假如強調(diào)已發(fā)生多

少次或多久，最好不省略。

B.句法功能：同havingdone

C.例句：Havingbeencriticizedformakingasmallmistake

reallyupsetsme.（主）

Iadmithavingbeen/beingfiredbythepany.（賓）WhatItold

herismyhavingbeenemployedbythepany.（表）（Havingbeen）

EducatedinScotland,heknowsBritishtablemannerswell.（狀）

Havingbeenhumiliatedseveraltimes,hedidn'twantto

attendthesepartiesanymore.

3）done

A.意義：多表示先于主要動作發(fā)生（但持續(xù)性動詞一般沒有這個含義，

而是表示是一個常態(tài)）;被動關(guān)系

B?句法功能：定，狀，表，賓補

（做狀語時有時可以和havingbeendone互換。見上解釋。

C.例句：thesubjectdiscussedatthemeeting（定）（Having

been）pleted,thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.（狀）Thelakeis

heavilypolluted.俵）Theyleftthehousesdestroyed.（賓補）

4.非謂語動詞短語的否認構(gòu)成：not或其它否認詞+非謂語動詞短語

5.非謂語動詞短語的規(guī)律主語：就是非謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)的擁

有者。

1)通常來說：

Q)非謂語動詞短語作狀語時，規(guī)律主語是句子的主語。如：Having

arichfather,hehadnoproblempayingforcollege.

(2)作定語時，規(guī)律主語是被修飾的名詞。如：Thelibrarianhelping

mefindabooko

⑶作賓語時，規(guī)律主語是句子主語。如：Ican'thelplaughing.

(4)作主語時，規(guī)律主語泛指任何人或語境中的某人某物。如：

Buildingaroadupamountaintakesyears.

(5)作賓補時，規(guī)律主語是賓語。如：Theyforcedmetoacceptthat.

(6)作表語時，規(guī)律主語是句子主語。如：Thelionisfrightening.

2)自帶規(guī)律主語，其中：

(1)在不定式前加forsb/sth表示規(guī)律主語，如：

Formysontogetmoreexercise,Imadehimwalktoschool.

(2)直接在-ing分詞的加上名詞表示規(guī)律主語;ing分詞作主語和賓

語時也可以用名詞全部格或形容詞性物主限定詞作規(guī)律主語，ing分詞

作賓語時還可以用賓格人稱代詞作規(guī)律主語。如：

Myfather/Myfather's/Hisbeingillworriesme.

Idon'tmindTom/Tomzs/his/himusingmycar.

Myfatherbeingill,Ican'tconcentrateonmywork.

(3)在ed分詞前直接加名詞，不能用人稱代詞或物主限定詞。如：

Hisworknotfinished,Frankfeltrelaxed.

Tomcaughtcheatingintheexam,Idecidedtostopdoing

that.

6.非謂語動詞的習慣搭配：

非謂語動詞的用法除了上表中的一般規(guī)律外，還有許多習慣搭配，

需要大家平常積累記憶。如：只能接ing作賓語的動詞、只能接不定式

作賓語的動詞、兩者都可以接意義無差異的動詞和兩者都可以接但有區(qū)

分的動詞。略。

【練習】

1)更正以下句中動詞錯誤：

(l)Therearemanypeoplearewatchingthegame,(people

watching)

(2)ForeignerslearnEnglishisverydifficult.(Ifsverydifficult

forforeignerstolearnEnglish.)

(3)Findaplacetoparkisnoteasy.(Tofindaplace/Findinga

place)

(4)Waitingforherbus,acarhither.(shewashitbyacar)

(5)TolearnEnglishwell,herfatherboughtheradictionary.

(shegotherfathertobuyhera/Forhertolearn)

(6)Teenagerseasilybeeinterestinginthisgame,(interested)

(7)Makingsuchastupidmistakeisterribly

embarrassed.(embarrassing)

(8)Itwassillyofyoubelievewhathesaid.(tobelieve)

(9)Mostchildrenareinterestedinlistentostories,(in

listening)

(10)Jimisverygoodatmakingthingsandrepairthem.

(repairing)

(ll)Hedecidedtogotothesouth,findagoodjobandliving

there,(live)

(12)HissisterwillgetmarriedonMonday,Thomaswilltake

SundayandMondayoff.(Withhissistertogetmarried/Because

hissister)

(13)1suggesthertotakehersononthetrip,(hertaking)

(14)Practisingmedicineismywish.(Topractise)

(15)1havenobodytotalk,(totalkto/with)

(16)Themeetingtoholdisaboutaidtotheearthquake

victims,(tobeheld)

(17)Havingdestroyedintheearthquake,thebridgeisinruins

now.(Havingbeendestroyed/Destroyedin)

(18)Beingrepairedlastmonth,thewatchisworkingwell.

(Repaired)

(19)1regrettohavetoldherthetruth,butit'stoolate.

(regrettellingher)

(20)Hedevotedmostofhistimetolookafterhissickwife,(to

looking)

2)將以下各句中的從句改造成非謂語動詞短語：

(l)__WhenIwasservingacustomer,__Iheardsomeone

shoutingforhelp.(Whenservinga/Servinga)

(2)__Asshehadpassedallthetests,__shegotherdiploma.

(Havingpassedall)

(3)__Thatheisstilldependentonhisparents__makeshima

laughingstock.(Stillbeingdependent)

(4)__Asheisinspiredbythehero,sexperience,__hedecides

toworkhardertoachievehisgoal.(Inspiredby)

(5)__Sincetheweatherisbeingfine,__wewillholdthesports

meetingtomorrow.(Theweatherbeingfine)

⑹__Themomentheheardthenews,__hecried.(Hearingthe

news)

(7)__Whenhehadopenedthedoor,__thebirdflewout.

(Havingopened)

(8)Hegotupveryearly__sothathewouldcatchthesixthirty

bus.__(inordertocatch/tocatch)

3)選擇正確答案

l.rveheardhimaboutyouoften.

A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.tospeak

2.Fmhungry.Getmesomething.

A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.for

eating

3.Thereisn*tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon(t

know

A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.

tochoosewhich

4.Theteachertoldthemmakesomuchnoise.

A.don1tB.notC.willnotD.not

to

5.shybeforestrangersisnormalforafouryearold

girl.

B.HavingfeltC.FeelshyD.Feltshy

6.Fmgoingtohavemyradio.

A.fixedB.tofixC.fixD.

fixing

7.Theworkerswantustogetherwiththem.

A.workB.workingC.toworkD.

worked

8.Theofficersnarrowlyescapedinthehotbattle.

A.havekilledB.tokillC.tobekilledD.being

killed

9.theletter,hewentouttopostit,

A.WritingB.BeingwrittenC.HavingwrittenD.

Written

10.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeel

theairagainstyourface.

A.movedB.movingC.movesD.

tomove

11.Don'tyouremember?

A.seeingthemanbeforeB.toseethemanbeforeC.saw

themanbeforeD.tohaveseenthemanbefore

12.Peoplecouldn'thelpthefoolishemperorinthe

procession.

A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.

laughingon

13.What'sthelanguageinGermany?

A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.to

speak

14.We'relookingforwardthephotoexhibition.

A.tovisitingB.tovisitC.tohavingvisitedD.

visiting

15.Thegirlunderthattreeismysister.

A.sittingB.sitsC.issittingD.sat

16.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Having

beenfollowedby

17.Thissentenceneeds

A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.

improved

18.anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkas

usual.

A.NotknownB.KnownnotC.KnowingnotD.

Notknowing

19.A:Haveyoudecidedwhen?

B:Yes,tomorrowmorning.

A.toleaveB.tobeleavingC.willyouleaveD.are

youleaving

20.1reallyenjoythatkindofjob.

A.doB.doingC.todoD.

tobedoing

21.Onlyoneofthesebooksis

A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.wrothof

readingD.worthreading

22.Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.

A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.

breaking

23.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamous

scientists.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.

inviting

24.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,today

hewasmadebyhislittlesister.

A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;

cry

25.Theywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.

A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.risk

going

26.moreattention,thetreesc