初升高銜接英語重點(diǎn)語法入門之不定式速記練習(xí)

不定式觀察下面例句，注意不定式所作成分。1.Infactitisnotdifficulttomasteraforeignlanguage.2.Herwishistocatchupwithherclassmatesinamonth.3.Hewasthefirstpersontoputforwardtheissueatthemeeting.4.Tocatchthefirstbus，hegotupearly.5.Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthetwocities.6.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，可以在句中充當(dāng)________________________________________________________________.主語、表語定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)觀察下面例句，注意不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1.I’msorrytohearthat.2.Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.3.Themanpretendedtobelookingforsomethingwhenwepassedby.4.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.5.You’dbettertellthetruth.Yourmotherseemstohavebeentoldwhathappened.todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】①Iwish____________________(loveandrespect)我希望得到大家的愛戴和尊重。②Thecityissaid___________________________(develop)intoamodernartscenter.據(jù)說這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為了一個(gè)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)中心。③Thenovelissaid___________________________(translate)intoEnglish.據(jù)說這本小說已經(jīng)被翻譯成了英文。④Theboypretended_________(do)hishomeworkwhenhismothercameback.當(dāng)媽媽回家時(shí)，男孩假裝在寫作業(yè)。tobelovedandrespectedtohavedevelopedtohavebeentranslatedtobedoing動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能1、不定式作主語注意：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,往往用it作形式主語,真正的主語放在句子的后面。e.g.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.

Itisnotagoodidea

tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorning.總結(jié)常用it作形式主語，不定式作真正主語的句型：1)需要/花費(fèi)某人…去做某事______________________________________________________________2)對(duì)某人來說做某事是…__________________________________________________________________此句型中常用的adj.有：natural,important,necessary,essential,vital,strange,difficult,impossible等。3)某人做某事太…了__________________________________________________________________此句型中常用的adj.有：kind,sweet,considerate,warm-hearted,typical,mean,foolish,silly,wise等4)該到某事做某事的時(shí)間了______________________________________________________________5)Itisanhonor/apriviledge/apleasure/goodmanners/badmannerstodosth.Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.Itbeadj.forsb.todosth.It'stimetodosth.Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】完成句子①他一向粗魯且無禮。__________________________________________________________②被邀請(qǐng)來此作報(bào)告榮幸之至。__________________________________________________________③這需要我們付出極大的耐心和努力來完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。__________________________________________________________④遵守交通規(guī)則是極為重要的。__________________________________________________________Itisrudeandimpoliteofhimtodoeverything.Itismyhonourtobeinvitedtodeliveraspeech.Itwilltakeusgreatpatienceandeffortstofinishthetask.Itisvitalforustoobeythetrafficrule.2、不定式作表語置于be,become,sound,taste等系動(dòng)詞后面來說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征,其主語常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向打算、計(jì)劃的詞。e.g.Hisdreamis

tobeadoctor.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.注意：注意：如果系動(dòng)詞前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，省略to.e.g.

WhatIwanttodonowisgohome.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】完成句子①我的目標(biāo)是在一家開發(fā)電腦軟件的公司里工作。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②網(wǎng)絡(luò)的目的之一就是讓人們在家里就能得到海量的信息和數(shù)據(jù)。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③下一步我要做的是賣掉這些家具。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Myaimistoworkinacompanythatdevelopscomputersoftware.OneofthepurposesoftheInternetistoenablepeopletogetalotofinformationanddata.ThenextstepIwanttodoistosellthefurniture.3、不定式作賓語

(1)下面口訣中動(dòng)詞后常跟不定式作賓語決心學(xué)會(huì)選計(jì)劃___________________________________________________________________拒絕答應(yīng)想假裝___________________________________________________________________主動(dòng)設(shè)法愿希望___________________________________________________________________同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫___________________________________________________________________準(zhǔn)備威脅易聲稱___________________________________________________________________渴望申請(qǐng)敗躊躇___________________________________________________________________自愿提醒提要求___________________________________________________________________e.gThedriver

failedtoseetheothercarintime.Hecan’t

affordtobuy

theexpensivecar.deceide/determine,learn,choose,planrefuse,promise,want,pretendoffer,manage,desire,hope/wishagree,ask,helpprepare,threaten,tend,claimlong,apply,fail,hesitatevolunteer,remind,require(2)常用句型“主語+think/find/make/believe/consider/suppose/feel+it+adj./n.+todosth.”。其中,it為形式賓語,todo為真正的賓語。e.g.Hemakesitaruletohelppeopleinneed.Ifinditinterestingtolearn

Englishwithyou.(3)一些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語,但是兩種情況下的語義不同remembertodosth._________________________rememberdoingsth._____________________________forgettodosth.____________________________源forgetdoingsth.________________________________regrettodosth.____________________________regretdoingsth._________________________________trytodosth.______________________________trydoingsth.___________________________________meantodosth.____________________________meandoingsth._______________________________源:stoptodosth._____________________________stopdoingsth.__________________________________記得要做某事記得做過某事忘記要做某事忘記做過某事遺憾做某事后悔做某事盡力做某事試圖做某事打算做某事意味著...停下來去做另一件事停止做某事【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】①他把幫助這些無家可歸的人當(dāng)成了他的責(zé)任。___________________________________________________________.②他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)獨(dú)自生活在國外。___________________________________________________________.③如果她的要求得不到滿足的話，該女子揚(yáng)言要炸掉機(jī)場。Ifherdemandswerenotmet,_____________________________________④如果有人反駁他，他往往會(huì)發(fā)脾氣。___________________________________________________________Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthehomeless.Hefindsitdifficulttoadapttolivinganindependentlifeabroad.thewomanthreatenedtoblowuptheairpot.Ifsomeonerefuseshim,hetendstolosehistemper.4、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：(1).在復(fù)合賓語中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,invite,urge,encourage等.e.g.Thechildrenaskedtheirparentstotakethemtothepark.Iwillpersuadehimtocomewithus.(2)感官動(dòng)詞后，如see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel及表示“使”、“讓”的使役動(dòng)詞，如have,make,let等跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)要省略不定式符號(hào)to。但如果感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to要還原。e.g.Thoughhehadoftenmadehissistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.Isawhimcrossthesrteetandenterthebank.=Hewasseentocrossthesreetandenterthebank.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】①政府號(hào)召每一位市民節(jié)約用水。_______________________________________________________②我寫信來是為了邀請(qǐng)你參加元宵節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)。_______________________________________________________Thegovernmentcallsoneverycitizenstosaveeverydropofwater.I'mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthecelebrationofLaternFestival.(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面，與被修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如:Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.（person是動(dòng)作thinkof的發(fā)出者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）Ihavealotofthingstodo.(thing是動(dòng)作do的承受者，構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Chinawasoneofthefirstcountriesintheworldtostudythescienceoffarming。(China是動(dòng)作study的發(fā)出者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的_____________關(guān)系)Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?(anything是動(dòng)作eat的承受者，構(gòu)成了邏輯上的_________關(guān)系)①當(dāng)你等的時(shí)候，帶上一本書讀。Whenyouarewaiting,____________________________________________________②我不能和你一起去。我有這么多盤子要洗。Icangowithyou,for______________________________________________________.4、不定式作定語主謂動(dòng)賓you'dbetterbringabooktoread.therearetoomanydishestowash.2、如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，要在它的后面加上一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)上或意義上所需要的介詞來表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如：Iuseapentowritewith.Hehasnohousetolivein.練習(xí)：①他有三個(gè)弟弟要照顧。________________________________________________.②她給她的女兒買了個(gè)洋娃娃來玩。_______________________________________________________________________注意如下句型：Iwanttogototheconcert,butIhavealotofclothestowash.

(不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是句子的主語,不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義)Iamgoingtothelaundry.Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?

(不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是主語時(shí)，用不定式的被動(dòng)形式)e.g：IamgoingtoLondon.Doyouhaveanything________________(take)toyourparents?Doyouhaveanyquestions____________(ask)Hehas3brotherstolookafter.Shebuysherdaughteradolltoplaywith.totaketoask3、當(dāng)名詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí),thelast,theonly修飾時(shí)，用不定式作后置定語。e.g.Heisthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.Thelasttoleaveshouldturnoffthelights.①你是參賽的最年輕的選手。___________________________________________________________________________②她是第一個(gè)獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的女性。____________________________________________________________________________4、way,chance,opportunity,ability,attempt,courage，decision等名詞后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語e.g.Idoubtedhisabilitytodothejob.Haveyouthoughtofthewaytosolvethetrouble?①我想提高我的表達(dá)自己的能力。____________________________________________________________________________②忘記悲傷的最好方法是將自己投入到工作中去。____________________________________________________________________________Youaretheyoungestplayertoparticipateinthecompetition.Sheisthefirstwomantowintheprize.Iwanttoimprovemyabilitytoexpressmyself.Thebestwaytoforgetthesadnessistodevoteyourselftoyourwork.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】單句語法填空①Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain___________(catch).②Alackofconcentrationseriouslyaffectstheirability_______________(study)andthustheirtestresults.③Doyouknowwhoisthefirstperson___________________(climb)thetallestmountainintheworld?④Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine__________________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.⑤Heisnotaman____________(bow)beforedifficulties.tocatchtostudytoclimbtoreducetoknow不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結(jié)果等,其邏輯主語就是句子的主語,因此動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語往往用主動(dòng)式(1)目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：todo,inordertodo,soastodo(不能在句首)等。Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.Inordertocatchthefirstbus,Igotupearlythismorning.注意：不定式做目的狀語時(shí)，可以放在主干之前用逗號(hào)隔開，也可用于主干之后但不能用逗號(hào)隔開。對(duì)比：Shestayeduplatetomakepreparationsforherspeech.(_________狀語)Shestayeduplate,makingpreparationsforherspeech.（_________狀語）目的伴隨(2)作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式通常和only連用，要放在句子后面。Iawokeonlytofindmytruckgone.Hehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthetickethadbeensoldout.注意：不定式和only連用，常表示出人意料的結(jié)果，ing形式表示自然而然產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。對(duì)比：Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Therainstormpouredforseveraldaysinarow,causinggreatdamagetothearea.(3)作原因狀語，不定式可跟在一些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等情感的形容詞后，說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。e.g.I’msorrytohearyoufailedtopasstheinterview.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】1.Howfoolishhewas!______________(pay)offthedebts,Tomsoldhishousesohisfamilybecamehomeless.2.IpaidavisittoJasonlastnight,only______________(tell)hehadgonetoBeijingonbusiness.3.Youloseweightforawhile,only________(gain)backmoreweightwhenyoustopyourweightlossprogram.4.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________________(improve)waterquality.5.__