Unit+3+The+world+online+Grammar+and+usage+V-ing作定狀補(bǔ) 高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）必修第三冊(cè)

B3U3GrammarandusageVerb-ingformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsReadthearticleaboutawebsiteandanswerthefollowingquestions.AExploringtherules1.WhydidFionaLinsetupthewebsiteJustDance?2.WhatisFionaLin’sfutureplan?1.WhydidFionaLinsetupthewebsiteJustDance?2.WhatisFionaLin’sfutureplan?Becauseshewantedtointroducemorepeopletodance.Shehopestoattractmoreusersthroughotherformsofnewmedia,forexample,throughanapp.AExploringtherulesReadthearticleaboutawebsiteagainandfindtheverb-ingformsinthearticleandfillinthetable.Thefirstoneshavebeendoneforyou.JustDanceis

awebsitebelongingtoalldancelovers.FionaLin,theladyrunningthewebsite,hadtheideaaftershe

watchedherdaughterdancing

twoyearsago.Shealways

founddancerelaxingafteralongdayatschool,”shesaid.Takingadvantageofthesite’sgreatstart,Fionadecidedtoaddmorecontent.Thewebsitewelcomes

inspiringstories

fromdanceloversabouthowtheystarteddancingandhowdancehaschangedtheirlives.Havingachievedsuchsuccess,Fionahopestoattractmoreusersthroughotherformsofnewmedia.Verb-ingformsasattributivesawebsitebelongingtoalldanceloversVerb-ingformsasadverbialsTakingadvantageofthesite'sgreatstartVerb-ingformsasobjectcomplementsshewatchedherdaughterdancinginspiringstoriesHavingachievedsuchsuccessfounddancerelaxing

WorkingouttherulesTheverb-ingformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga/an(1)________(active/passive)meaning.Whentheverb-ingformisusedasanattributive,itoftencomes(2)_________(before/after)thenoun,buttheverb-ingphrasesusedasanattributiveisusuallyput(3)________(before/after)thenoun.Whenusedasanadverbial,theverb-ingformcanexpress

time,reason,purpose,resultorcondition.Theverb-ingformcanalsobeusedasanobjectcomplement.activebeforeafterFocuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasattributivesbuildingmaterials=drinkingwater=awalkingstick=areadingroom=awritingdesk=tiringmusic=developing

countries=materialsforbuilding建筑材料

waterfordrinking飲用水a(chǎn)stickforwalking手杖aroomforreading閱覽室adeskforwriting寫(xiě)字臺(tái)musicthatistiring煩人的音樂(lè)1.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，常置于被修飾詞之前，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。countriesthatare

developing發(fā)展中國(guó)家①Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.②Itwasanastonishingperformance.那項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是一個(gè)驚人的成功。這是一場(chǎng)令人驚訝的演出。有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式已轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞,表示“令人…的”常用的此類(lèi)詞有：exciting,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。①Heisreadingsomething

interesting.②Thereisnothing

amazing.他正在讀有趣的內(nèi)容。沒(méi)什么了不起的。若單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式修飾的詞為those,something,everything,nothing等代詞時(shí)，則動(dòng)詞-ing形式要放在其后。①Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.②Theman

standingthere

isPeter'sfather.

③Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他們住在一間面朝街的房子。=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter'sfather.站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。2.(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常置于被修飾詞

之后，并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。①Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.②Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他的哥哥住在北京，是個(gè)教師。=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù)碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。2.(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)，它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)形式。動(dòng)詞-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用它的被動(dòng)形式，即beingdone.Beingdone通常表示正在被做，常做后置定語(yǔ)。①Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.②Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。正在被討論的問(wèn)題是被校長(zhǎng)提出的。Fillintheblanks.1.Herushedintothe________

(burn)house.2.Thechild_________

(stand)overthereismybrother.3.Theroom_________(face)southisourclassroom.4.Theman,________(talk)totheteacher,isourmonitor'sfather.5.Successmakessensetoyouonlywhenyouchoosesomething___________(challenge).burningchallengingstandingfacingtalkingFocuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasadverbials1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.時(shí)間原因結(jié)果條件讓步方式伴隨1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.5.Thoughhestudiedhard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.7.Hesatinthechairandreadanewspaper.6.Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨狀況等，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),

可以在前面加連詞。

WhilewatchingTV,Grandpafellasleep.

Thoughlivingnearthecinema,Iseldomgothere.動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),

有完成式和被動(dòng)式。

Havingworkedforover30years,MrWangretiredlastmonth.

Havingbeenraisedonafarm,Timknowsalotaboutfarmanimals.動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)一致。Checkthesentences.Beingtired,IaskedJohntohavearest.Beingtired,Johnhadarest.1.Supposingitrains,wewillputoffthesportsmeeting.2.

Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsciencethangirls.如果下雨，我們就推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩比女孩對(duì)科學(xué)更感興趣。動(dòng)詞-ing用于某些固定搭配中，表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等，如：generallyspeaking,frankly/honestlyspeaking,judgingby/from,considering/seeing,supposing等等1.____________(notknow)hisaddress,I

couldn'tgotoseehimyesterday.2.Theyarevisitors_______(come)fromseveralcountries.3._____________________(notinvite)totheparty,Marywasgreatlyhurt.4.Hedivedintothewater,_______(leave)onlyhisfaceexposed(暴露).5._______(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothewater.NotknowingcomingNothavingbeeninvitedFillintheblanks.leavingTakingFocuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasobjectcomplements1.Ifound

abag

lyingontheground.2.Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefound

a

stranger

standingattheentrance.3.Alongtheway,wesaw

manypeople

playing

music,singing,anddancing.4.Sheheard

someone

knockingatthedoor.1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。1.Theyfoundadogsleepingonthestreet.2.Theyheardhimsinginginnextroom.

3.Wemustn'tkeepthemwaiting.2.當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。=Thedogisfound

sleeping

onthestreet.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一只狗在街上睡覺(jué)。=Hewasheard

singinginthenextroom.有人聽(tīng)到他在隔壁房間唱歌。=Theymustn'tbekept

waiting.千萬(wàn)不能讓他們等。3.能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:1.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.2.Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.3.Canyousmellanything

burning?4.Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.5.Listentothebirdssinging.6.Ididn'tnoticehimwaiting.

①表示感觀和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有

watch,see,hear,feel,find,notice,smell,observe,lookat,listento等。1.Iwon'thaveyoudoingthat.2.Theteacher'swordssetmethinking.3.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.4.Ican'tgettheclockgoingagain.5.Youwon'tcatchmedoingthatagain.6.Hewalkedoffandleftmesittingtherealone.②表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有have,keep,set,get,catch,leave等。4.see,hear,feel,watch等動(dòng)詞之后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：1.Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.2.Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteacher

maketheexperiment.我們走過(guò)教室，看見(jiàn)老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)，看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)。（只在走過(guò)教室的剎那間，看見(jiàn)老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)）（一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)一直在看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)）表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束的全過(guò)程1.Isawthem_______(force)thedooropenwithahammer.2.Weheardthem__________(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert;theylookedveryangry.3.Iheardhim________(drop)lotsofcoinsintothecollectingtin.4.Thestudentswhoarecaught________(cheat)intheexamwillbepunished.5.Theteacherwentawayangrily,leavingthestudent_________(stand)outside.forcingquarrelingdroppingFillintheblanks.cheatingstandingB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-ingformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.1.IsawthatJesswasdoingresearchonlineinthecomputerroom.Isaw______________________inthecomputerroom.2.Anybodywhogoesonlineshouldbecarefulabouttheirpersonalinformation.________________________shouldbecarefulabouttheirpersonalinformation.JessdoingresearchonlineAnybodygoingonlineBApplyingtherules3.Whenheheardthenews,hejumpedforjoy._______________________,hejumpedforjoy.4.AfterIsearchedtheInternetforinformation,Istartedwritingmyarticle._______________________________________,Istartedwritingmyarticle.HearingthenewsHavingsearchedtheInternetforinformationB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-ingformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.BApplyingtherulesB2AnnaishavingaconversationwithherfriendJen.Completetheconversationwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.amaze

cut have

run

use

thinkAnna:Jen,Iloveyournewhaircut.Itlooksgreat!Jen:Thanks!Ichoseitonline.Iwasalwaysworriedaboutpickingawrongstyle.Thatgotme(1)________—whatifsomeonecouldchooseitforme?Anna:Whatdoyoumean?thinkingamaze

cut have

run

use

thinkJen:Ifoundthis(2)________app.Ifyouuploadaphotoofyourface,it'llrecommendafewhaircutstoyou.Anna:Soundssuper,butwhatifIdon'tliketherecommendedhaircuts?Jen:Inthatcase,youcanchoosedifferentstylesfromhundredsofhairstylesandtrythemout.Youcanalsosharepicturesofyourchosenhaircutsonsocialmediaandletyourfriendschooseoneforyou!amazingAnna:Cool!Whatdidtheperson(3)________yourhairthinkabouttheapp?Jen:Shesaiditwouldmakeherjobeasier.(4)________appslikethis,peoplearemorelikelytofindsatisfactoryhaircuts.Anna:Iagree.(5)___________afewbadhaircutsmyself,I'malwaysalittlenervousabouthavinganewhaircut.I'lldownloaditandgetit(6)________.cuttingUsingHavinghadrunningamaze

cut have

run

use

think1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)：①單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，常置于被修飾詞

_______。②動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常置于被修飾詞

______，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)_________，也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)________________。③動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，有______形式。之前之后定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句被動(dòng)2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞-ing形式可用作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或_________等，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。時(shí)間原因結(jié)果條件讓步方式伴隨狀況3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：①動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在_____后面。②當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為_(kāi)___________。③能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

表示_____、_________和指使意義的。賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)感觀心理狀態(tài)verb-ing

的各種形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式動(dòng)詞-ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone將下面每組句子合并成一個(gè)含有verb-ing的句子，并使句意保持不變。1.

Weclimbedtothetopofthetower.Wesawfantasticscenery.

2.Larrywentout.Larryshutthedoorbehindhim.

Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawfantasticscenery.Larrywentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.3.Thevillageismadeupof490families.The490familiesbelongtofivenationalities.4.ManyChinesebrandshavedevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies.Theyarefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.Havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,manyChinesebrandsarefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.Thevillageismadeupof490familiesbelongingtofivenationalities.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.2.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.3.EverytimeGinacatchesheremployees_______(waste)time，sheremindsthemthattimeispriceless.4.I’msorrytohavekeptyou_______(wait)forsolong.5.____________(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.allowingrangingwastingwaitingHavingspent1.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)surrounding考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他看到霧從江上升起，柔軟的云圍繞著山頂時(shí)，他流下了眼淚。設(shè)空處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，surround與賓語(yǔ)softclouds之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用v.-ing形式。故填surrounding.Ⅰ.實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考2.Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,________(say)thatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019全國(guó)卷I)3.Nervously______(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispermyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.(2019北京卷)sayingfacing4.Ifyouareateenager_______(live)incertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)5.With________(shine)darkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)6.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneeda_______(help)handandsomedaysyoucanbetheone_______(give)the_______(help)hand.”