外文翻譯-驅動橋的設計

附錄Driveaxlepowertrainattheendoftheirbasicfunctionistoincreasethetransmissioncamefromthedriveshaftortorque,andareasonabledistributionofpowertotheleftandrightwheel,inadditiontoactingontheroadandundertheframeorbodylegislationbetweenthevertical,longitudinalandlateralforce.Generalfromthemaindriveaxlereducer,differential,gearwheelsanddriveaxlehousingsandothercomponents.ThedesignoftheDriveaxle:Driveaxleshouldbedesignedtomeetthebasicrequirementsareasfollows:1.Selectthemainreductionratioshouldbeabletoensurethecarhasthebestpowerandfueleconomy.2.Smallersize,toensurethatthenecessarygroundclearance.3.Gearandotherpiecesoftheworkofasmoothtransmission,andsmallnoise.4.Inavarietyofspeedandloadwithahightransmissionefficiency.5.Inensuringadequatestrengthandstiffnessconditions,shouldstriveforthequalityofsmall,especiallyunderthemass-springshouldbeassmallaspossibleinordertoimprovevehicleridecomfort.6.Andsuspensionmovement-orientedcoordinationofsteeringdriveaxle,butalsowiththecoordinationofsteeringmovement.7.Thestructureofsimple,goodprocessing,manufacturing,easydisassembly,tofacilitateadjustment.DriveaxleclassificationAtnon-driveaxledisconnectdisconnect-style-typewithtwobroadcategories.1.Non-disconnect-typedriveaxleNon-disconnect-typedriveaxlealsoknownasintegrateddriveaxle,theaxlecasingandthemainshaftreducerwithshellshellandconnectedtoarigidbeam,whichonbothsidesoftheaxleandwheelrelatedtoswingthroughtheflexibleconnectedwiththeframecomponents.Itconsistsofdriveaxlehousing1,themainreducer,differentialandaxlecomponents.2.disconnect-typedriveaxle.Drivetheuseofindependentsuspensionbridge,thatisthemainreducershellfixedonthevehiclechassis,onbothsidesoftheaxleandwheelinthehorizontalplaneasopposedtorelativemovementofthebodyisreferredtoasdriveoffthebridge.Inordertomatchwithindependentsuspension,themainreducershellfixedattheframe(orbody),thedriveaxlehousingsubconnectedthroughthehinge,orinadditiontothemainreducershelloutsidetheshellisnolongerdriventootherpartsofthebridge.Wheelinordertomeettheneedsofindependentjumpupanddown,betweenthedifferentialandthewheelaxleoftheaboveconnectionbetweentheuseofuniversaljoints.DriveaxlecomponentsDrivenmainlybythemainbridgereducer,differential,axleanddriveaxlehousingsandothercomponents.1.MainreducerassemblyUsedtochangethemaindrivereducergeneraldirection,toreducespeedandincreasetorque,andensurethereissufficientcardriversandtheappropriatespeedskin.Moretypesofthemainreducer,asingle-stage,dual-class,two-speed,suchasWheelSpeedReducer.1)single-stagemainreducerReductiongearbyaslowdownintherealizationofthedevices,calledsingle-stagereducer.Itsstructureissimple,lightweight,suchasDongfengBQl090typelightandmedium-sizedtrucksonawiderangeofapplications.2)two-stagemainreducerLargernumberofheavy-dutytrucks,requirealargerreductionratio,themainuseofasingle-stagereducerdrive,movingfromgeartobelargerindiameterwillaffectthedriveaxleofthegroundclearance,sotheuseoftwoslowdown.Oftenreferredtoastwo-stagereducer.Therearetwosetsoftwo-stagereductiongearreducer,speedtherealizationofthetwobytwisting.Inordertoenhancethemeshinggearpairtaperandstrengthofasmooth,slowdownthefirst-classpairofspiralbevelgearis.Gears2isinclinedgearteethduetoprop.Taketheinitiativetorotatebevelgear,geardrivenrotarydrivenroundsilver,thuscompletingaslowdown.Activesecondstagecylindricalgearreducerandthedrivenbevelgearcoaxialwiththerotation,anddrivegeardrivenrotatingcylinder,atheonshellcylindricaltheonmountedgeardriventhetoDuespeed.second-classdifferential,sothatwhenthedrivengearrotatingcylinder,throughthedifferentialanddriveaxlethatis,therotationofthewheels.2.DifferentialDifferentialisdesignedtoconnecttheaxlearound,onbothsidesofthewheelscanrotateatdifferentangulartorquetransferatthesametime.Toensurethenormalscrollwheel.Somemulti-bridge-drivencars,inthesub-actuatortypeorinthetransmissionthroughtheshaftisalsoequippedwithadifferential,knownasthebridgebetweenthedifferential.Itsroleistoturninthecaroronunevenroadsurface,sothatdrivewheelsbeforeandafterthedifferentialbetweentherole.Atpresent,China-madecarsandothertypesofvehiclesinthebasicuseofsymmetricordinarydifferentialbevelgear.Symmetricbytheplanetarybevelgeardifferentialgear,axlegears,planetarygearaxis(cross-axisoradirect-axis)andthedifferentialcompositionoftheshellandsoon.Atpresentthemajorityofplanetarygear-typemotorvehiclesusingdifferentialandordinarydifferentialbevelgearconebytwoorfourplanetgears,planetarygearshaft,thetwoconeaxledifferentialgear,andaboutthecompositionoftheshellandsoon.3.Autosemi-axleAxleisthedifferentialtorqueandthencametothewheels,drivewheelsspin,promotethesolidaxlecar.Asaresultoftheinstallationofwheelstructure,andtheforcesoftheaxlearealsodifferent.Therefore,dividedintofull-floatingaxle,semi-floating,3/4,threetypesoffloating.1)full-floatingaxleGenerallylargeandmedium-sizedusedcarfloatingthewholestructure.Axlewiththeinnerendofthesplineaxlewiththedifferentialgearconnectedtotheouterendoftheaxleforgingaflangewithboltsandwheelhubtoconnect.Wheelawayfromthemoredistantoftwotaperedrollerbearingsforthetextontheaxlecasing.Rearaxleshellcasingpressureandonepairtoformthedriveaxlehousing.Supportingtheuseofsuchforms,axleandaxlehousingnodirectlinksothatonlybearthedriveaxletorquewithoutbearinganymoment,theaxlereferredtoasull-floatingaxle.Theso-calledloating,meaningnotsubjecttobendingloadaxle.Full-floatingaxle,theouterendflangeplateforonemadewiththeaxis.Buttherearealsoanumberoftruckstomakeaseparateflangeparts,andbynestedsplineouterendintheaxle.Thus,atbothendsoftheaxlespline,youcanuseforthefirst.2)semi-floatingaxleSemi-floatingaxlewiththeinnerendofthesamefloating,notsubjecttobendingandtorsion.Awayfromdirectclientsupportthroughabearingintheaxleoftheinnershell.Thisapproachwillsupporttheouterendaxlebearingmoment.Therefore,thisshort-sleeveinadditiontotransfertorque,butalsotosustainthelocalmoment,itisknownasthesemi-floatingaxle.Thisstructureismainlyusedinsmallpassengercars.LicenseHongqiCA7560iconforthetypeofdriveaxlelimousine.Axlefromtheinnerendofitsmoment,outclienthastobearallthemoment,socalledsemi-floatingbearing.3)3/4floatingaxle3/4floatingaxleisaffectedbythedegreeofbendingbetweentheshortsemi-floatingandfullfloatingbetween.AtpresenttheapplicationofthistypehalfshaftfewpickuptruckonlyonindividualapplicationssuchasWarsaw,M20vehicles.4.Automobileaxlehousing:1)theoverallshell-stylebridgeBridgeshellduetotheoverallstrengthandstiffnessperformance,easeofmainreducerinstallation,adjustmentandmaintenance,andarewidelyused.Integralaxlehousingduetodifferentmanufacturingmethodscanbedividedintotheoverallfoundrytype,pressedintothemiddleofcastingsteelpipeandweldedsteelplate,suchasstamping.2)sub-typedriveaxlehousingSub-typeaxlehousingwillgenerallybedividedintotwosections,fromtwosectionsofaconnectingbolt.Sub-typeaxlehousingcastingandprocessingeasier.驅動橋處于動力傳動系的末端，其基本功能是增大由傳動軸或變速器傳來的轉矩，并將動力合理的分配給左、右驅動輪，另外還承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直立、縱向力和橫向力。驅動橋一般由主減速器、差速器、車輪傳動裝置和驅動橋殼等組成。驅動橋的設計：驅動橋設計應當滿足如下基本要求：1.選擇的主減速比應能保證汽車具有最佳的動力性和燃料經濟性。2.外形尺寸要小，保證有必要的離地間隙。3.齒輪及其他傳動件工作平穩(wěn)，噪聲小。4.在各種轉速和載荷下具有高的傳動效率。5.在保證足夠的強度、剛度條件下，應力求質量小，尤其是簧下質量應盡量小，以改善汽車平順性。6.與懸架導向機構運動協(xié)調，對于轉向驅動橋，還應與轉向機構運動相協(xié)調。7.結構簡單，加工工藝性好，制造容易，拆裝、調整方便。驅動橋的分類驅動橋分非斷開式與斷開式兩大類。1．非斷開式驅動橋非斷開式驅動橋也稱為整體式驅動橋，其半軸套管與主減速器殼均與軸殼剛性地相連一個整體梁，因而兩側的半軸和驅動輪相關地擺動，通過彈性元件與車架相連。它由驅動橋殼1，主減速器，差速器和半軸組成。2．斷開式驅動橋驅動橋采用獨立懸架，即主減速器殼固定在車架上，兩側的半軸和驅動輪能在橫向平面相對于車體有相對運動的則稱為斷開式驅動橋。為了與獨立懸架相配合，將主減速器殼固定在車架（或車身）上，驅動橋殼分段并通過鉸鏈連接，或除主減速器殼外不再有驅動橋殼的其它部分。為了適應驅動輪獨立上下跳動的需要，差速器與車輪之間的半軸各段之間用萬向節(jié)連接。．驅動橋的組成驅動橋主要由主減速器、差速器、半軸和驅動橋殼等組成。1．主減速器主減速器一般用來改變傳動方向，降低轉速，增大扭矩，保證汽車有足夠的驅動力和適當?shù)乃倨?。主減速器類型較多，有單級、雙級、雙速、輪邊減速器等。1）單級主減速器由一對減速齒輪實現(xiàn)減速的裝置，稱為單級減速器。其結構簡單，重量輕，東風BQl090型等輕、中型載重汽車上應用廣泛。2）雙級主減速器對一些載重較大的載重汽車，要求較大的減速比，用單級主減速器傳動，則從動齒輪的直徑就必須增大，會影響驅動橋的離地間隙，所以采用兩次減速。通常稱為雙級減速器。雙級減速器有兩組減速齒輪，實現(xiàn)兩次減速增扭。為提高錐形齒輪副的嚙合平穩(wěn)性和強度，第一級減速齒輪副是螺旋錐齒輪。二級齒輪副是斜齒圓柱齒輪。主動圓錐齒輪旋轉，帶動從動圓銀齒輪旋轉，從而完成一級減速。第二級減速的主動圓柱齒輪與從動圓錐齒輪同軸而一起旋轉，并帶動從動圓柱齒輪旋轉，進行第二級減速。因從動圓柱齒輪安裝于差速器外殼上，所以，當從動圓柱齒輪轉動時，通過差速器和半軸即驅動車輪轉動。