英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)題

英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)題1．英譯漢（1）PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau'sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone'sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof"Thepleasureoftakingpains".Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.梭羅所理解的"低層次"，即為了擁有而去擁有，或與所有的鄰居明爭(zhēng)暗斗而致?lián)碛?。他心目中?高層次"，則是這樣一種積極的人生戒律，即要使自己對(duì)自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。對(duì)于他從低層次上節(jié)省下來(lái)的時(shí)間和精力，他可將其致力于對(duì)高層次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭羅不贊成忍饑挨餓，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力僅果腹而已，只要可確保他能去從事更為重要的事務(wù)，他便別無(wú)所求。殫精竭慮，全力以赴，便是其精髓所在。除非我們?cè)敢庵泵婺切┬枰覀內(nèi)硇耐度氲钠D難困苦，否則便不會(huì)有幸?？裳?。正如葉芝所言，除卻某些不可能的情形，我們于人生中所獲取的滿足皆取決于我們?cè)诙喔叩木辰缰羞x擇我們所愿意面對(duì)的艱難困苦。當(dāng)羅伯特·弗羅斯特言及"以苦為樂"時(shí)，他內(nèi)心所思，大體如此。商業(yè)廣告中所宣揚(yáng)的那種幸福觀，其致命的缺陷就在于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即它宣稱，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不費(fèi)吹灰之力。即便于游戲之中，我們也需要有艱難困苦。我們之所以需要它，因?yàn)樵O(shè)若沒有困難，便斷無(wú)游戲可言。游戲即是這樣一種方式，為了享受其中的情趣而人為地使事情變得不那么輕而易舉。游戲中的種種規(guī)則，便是將困難武斷地強(qiáng)加于人。當(dāng)有人將情趣摧毀殆盡時(shí)，他總是因?yàn)榫懿话从螒蛞?guī)則行事而使然。這猶如下棋；如果你隨心所欲、心血來(lái)潮地去更改那些全然武斷的游戲規(guī)則，這樣去贏棋當(dāng)然會(huì)更加容易。但下棋的情趣則在于，應(yīng)在規(guī)則的限定范圍內(nèi)贏取勝利。一言以蔽之，沒有艱難，斷無(wú)情趣。（2）Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.在某些社會(huì)中，人們希望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭原因：傳宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖輩的歡心，使那些涉及到整個(gè)家族的宗教儀式得以發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。此類原因在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會(huì)中似顯蒼白，但它們?cè)谄渌胤皆欢葮?gòu)成并確實(shí)仍在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)有力的理由。此外，有一類家庭原因與下列類別不無(wú)共通之處，這便是：生兒育女是為著維系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無(wú)所事事；修復(fù)婚姻或?yàn)榛橐鲎⑷胄碌幕盍?；多子多孫，以為家庭幸福，惟系于此。這一點(diǎn)更可因其相反情形而得以凸現(xiàn)：在某些社會(huì)中，無(wú)法生兒育女（或無(wú)法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可構(gòu)成一種威脅，并可作為離婚的一個(gè)順理成章的（或現(xiàn)成的）緣由。除了所有這一切以外，還有一個(gè)原因，那就是后代對(duì)于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠(yuǎn)意義。對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，夫婦兩人尚不足以構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正意義上的家庭--夫妻需要孩子來(lái)豐富其兩人小天地，賦予該小天地以真正意義上的家庭性質(zhì)，并從子孫后代身上獲取某種回報(bào)。孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作為一種社會(huì)體制，家庭以其特有的方式，至少?gòu)脑瓌t上說(shuō)，可在一個(gè)變幻莫測(cè)、常常是充滿敵意的世界中讓人從中獲取某種安全、慰藉、保障，以及價(jià)值取向。于大多數(shù)人而言，這樣的一個(gè)家庭基礎(chǔ)，即使從其表層意義上來(lái)講，也需要不至一個(gè)人來(lái)維持其存在，并使其世代相傳，生生不息。（3）Thoughfondofmanyacquaintances,Idesireanintimacyonlywithafew.TheManinBlack,whomIhaveoftenmentioned,isonewhosefriendshipIcouldwishtoacquire,becausehepossessesmyesteem.Hismanners,itistrue,aretincturedwithsomestrangeinconsistencies,andhemaybejustlytermedahumoristinanationofhumorists.Thoughheisgenerouseventoprofusion,heaffectstobethoughtaprodigyofparsimonyandprudence;thoughhisconversationberepletewiththemostsordidandselfishmaxims,hisheartisdilatedwiththemostunboundedlove.Ihaveasaviolationoftheconventionsregardingmarriageandanexampleofmoraldegeneration.Muchenraged,hesentofficersandsoldiersfromtheheaven,whocapturedWhiteSnake,andusingmagicalpowershehimselfincarceratedWhiteSnakeunderneathapagoda.Formanyyearsafterwards,GreenSnakehidherselfindeepmountainsandgaveherselfrigorousspiritualandmartialartstraining.Intheendshesucceededintopplingthepagodaandrescuedhermistress.NowWhiteSnakewasreunitedwithherhusbandandson.Thesnakeintheoperaisendowedwiththenoblecharacterofhumannature.（2）喬羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外兩大愛好卻鮮為人知，那就是釣魚和喝酒。

晚年的喬羽喜愛垂釣，他說(shuō)，"有水有魚的地方大都是有好環(huán)境的，好環(huán)境便會(huì)給人好心情。我認(rèn)為最好的釣魚場(chǎng)所不是舒適的、給你準(zhǔn)備好餓魚的垂釣園，而是那極其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的場(chǎng)所。"

釣魚是一項(xiàng)能夠陶冶性情的運(yùn)動(dòng)，有益于身心健康。喬羽說(shuō)："釣魚可分三個(gè)階段：第一階段是吃魚；第二階段是吃魚和情趣兼而有之；第三階段主要是釣趣，面對(duì)一池碧水，將憂心煩惱全都拋在一邊，使自己的身心得到充分休息。"

Thegeneralpublicmightbewell-acquaintedwiththesongscomposedbyQiaoYu,buttheymightactuallyknowverylittleabouthistwomajorhobbies-fishingandwine-drinking.Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developedapenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:“Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfishmustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelievethattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenters/resortswhichprovidethefishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthosenaturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecialappeal."Accordingtohim,fishingcanconstituteanactivityconducivetothecultivationofone'stemperamentandtoone'shealth,atoncephysicalandpsychological.QiaoYuclaims:"Fishingcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageconsistsofmerefish-eating;thesecondacombinationoffish-eatingandthepleasure(enjoyment)offishing;thethirdprimarilythepleasureoffishingwhen,confrontedwithapondofclearwater,oneputsasideallhistroublingvexationsandannoyancesandenjoysthetotalrelaxationbothmentallyandphysically."（3）中國(guó)科技館的誕生來(lái)之不易。與國(guó)際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)，但是它成長(zhǎng)的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國(guó)際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀。世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過(guò)化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來(lái)的各種階段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動(dòng)的旁觀者。世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動(dòng)手操作，自己細(xì)心體察。這樣，他們可以更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。中國(guó)科技館正是這樣的博物館！它汲取了國(guó)際上一些著名博物館的長(zhǎng)處，設(shè)計(jì)制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品，展示了科學(xué)的原理和先進(jìn)的科技成果。Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsarewhatmightbecallednaturalmuseumswhich,bymeansoffossils,specimensandotherobjects,introducedtopeopletheevolutionaryhistoryoftheEarthandvariouskindsoforganisms.Thesecondgenerationarethoseofindustrialtechnologieswhichpresentedthefruitsachievedbyindustrialcivilizationatdifferentstagesofindustrialization.Despitethefactthatthosetwogenerationsofmuseumshelpedtodisseminate/propagate/spreadscientificknowledge,theyneverthelesstreatedvisitorsmerelyaspassiveviewers.Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsintheworldarethoserepletewith/fullofwhollynovelconcepts/notions/ideas.Inthosemuseums,visitorsareallowedtooperatetheexhibitswiththeirownhands,toobserveandtoexperiencecarefully.Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceandtechnologiesinthisway,peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.TheChinaMuseumofScienceandTechnologyispreciselyoneofsuchmuseums.Ithasincorporatedsomeofthemostfascinatingfeaturesofthosemuseumswithinternationalreputation.Havingdesignedandcreatedexhibitsinmechanics,optics,electricalscience,thermology,acoustics,andbiology.Thoseexhibitsdemonstratescientificprinciplesandpresentthemostadvancedscientificandtechnologicalachievements.（4）1997年2月24日我們代表團(tuán)下榻日月潭中信大飯店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3點(diǎn)了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只見四周峰巒疊翠，湖面波光粼粼。望著臺(tái)灣這僅有的景色如畫的天然湖泊，我想了許多，許多……這次到臺(tái)灣訪問(wèn)交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國(guó)大陸、臺(tái)灣的青年生活在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時(shí)代，我們的祖國(guó)正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)，海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的寶貴機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺(tái)。跨世紀(jì)青年一代應(yīng)該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀(jì)，這是我們必須回答的問(wèn)題。日月潭水波不興，仿佛與我一同在思索……OnFebruary2,1997,ourdelegationcheckedintotheZhongXinHotelbythesideoftheRiyuetaiLake.Itwasalready3o'clockearlythenextmorningbythetimeIsawoffthelastgroupofguests.Foralongtime,Icouldnotfallasleep,eventhoughIwascomfortablylyinginthebed.Puttingonmyclothesagain,Igotoffthebedandwalkedtothewindow.Extendingmyeyesintothedistancethroughthewindow,IwasgreetedbytheviewofthesurroundingmountainsandhillsshroudedinlayeredgreennessandthesilveryflickeringofwavesscuttlingacrossthesurfaceofthePool.Lookingatthesolenaturally-formedpicturesquelakeinThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(TheysharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.

IntheRiyuetaiLake,thewavesacrossthelakesurfacehavebynowallvanished.Envelopedinuttertranquility,the（5）加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過(guò)百歲生日，但城市的發(fā)展令世界矚目。以港立市，以港興市，是許多港口城市生存發(fā)展的道路。經(jīng)過(guò)百年開發(fā)建設(shè)，有著天然不凍良港的溫哥華，成為舉世聞名的港口城市，同亞洲、大洋洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班輪，年貨物吞吐量達(dá)到8，000萬(wàn)噸，全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易與運(yùn)輸行業(yè)。溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國(guó)土面積比中國(guó)還大，人口卻不足3000萬(wàn)。吸收外來(lái)移民，是加拿大長(zhǎng)期奉行的國(guó)策?？梢哉f(shuō)，加拿大除了印第安人外，無(wú)一不是外來(lái)移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬(wàn)溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個(gè)居民中就有一個(gè)是亞洲人。而25萬(wàn)華人對(duì)溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來(lái)到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國(guó)人聚居地。In1986,Vancouver,Canada,justmarkeditscentennialanniversary,buttheachievementsmadebythecityinitsurbandevelopmenthavealreadycapturedworldwideattention.Tobuildupacityandmodelitseconomyonthebasisofaharboristheus