Unit+4+Grammar+and+usage高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第三冊(cè)

Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldGrammarandusageReview非謂語不定式V-ingV-ed作定語作結(jié)果狀語作定語作狀語作賓語補(bǔ)足語pastparticipleasattributives過去分詞作定語，與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1.不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語,有主動(dòng)和完成意義。eg.Theroadiscoveredwithfallenleaves.=Theroadiscoveredwithleavesthathavefallen.2.及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語,一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。eg.Usedcarsarelessexpensive.=Carsthathavebeenusedarelessexpensive.3.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語，常置于被修飾詞之前；動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語作定語，常置于被修飾詞之后。eg.Heisarespectedteacher.Thescientificadvancesmentionedinyourarticleareinteresting.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，有何區(qū)別？fallenleavesfallingleaves過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別adevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry(發(fā)展中國(guó)家)（發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家）fadingflowersfadedflowers(正在凋謝的花)（已經(jīng)凋謝的花）thechangingworldthechangedworld（正在變化的世界）（變化了的世界）現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已完成情感動(dòng)詞的V-ing表“令人…...”,V-ed表“感到…...”disappointingnewsdisappointedpeopleexciting

storyexcitedpeople令人失望的消息感到失望的人們激動(dòng)人心的故事(感到)激動(dòng)的人們

Practice1.TheEMS

(post)yesterdaywillreachmybrotherinthreedays.2.Tellthechildren__________(play)outsidenottomaketwomuchnoise.3.Thewolfyelledina____________voiceandLilyfelt____________.(frighten)4.Thisistheproblem_________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.postedplayingfrighteningfrighteneddiscussed

pastparticipleasadverbials過去分詞作狀語，表示被動(dòng)或完成，其邏輯主語與主句的主語要保持一致。過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句，在句中一般能作五種狀語，即時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步和方式狀語。如：作時(shí)間狀語Askedwhathadhappen,hekeptsilent.=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.作原因狀語Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.=Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.作條件狀語Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.作讓步狀語Leftaloneathome,thelittleboy

didn'tfeelafraidatall.=Althoughhe

wasleftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.作伴隨或方式狀語Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.=Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbysomestudents.V-ed作狀語有時(shí)可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if等連詞)+V-ed。1.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.When

itis

heated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Unlessinvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.Unless

Iam

invited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。eg.Hewentout,________(shut)thedoorbehindhim.

他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。

_______(give)moreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.如果多給這個(gè)孩子一些鼓勵(lì)，他本來會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好。shuttingGiven

Practice1._______(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。2.________(read)carefully,hefoundsomethinghehadn’tknownbefore.他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3.______________(finish)hishomework,hewenthome.完成了作業(yè)，他就回家了。WrittenReadingHavingfinished

pastparticipleasobjectcomplementsV-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動(dòng)或完成的意義。V-ed與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞-ed形式可在see、hear、notice、feel、have、make、keep、leave等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：IhaveneverheardthissongsunginEnglish.

Practice1._______(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因?yàn)閷懙么颐Γ@篇文章不是很好。2.________(read)carefully,hefoundsomethinghehadn’tknownbefore.他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3.______________(finish)hishomework,hewenthome.完成了作業(yè)，他就回家了。WrittenReadingHavingfinishedApplyingtherulesReadthesciencemagazinearticleonP48andanswerthefollowingquestion.PleasecompletethetableinpartA.Verb-edformasanattributivesomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformasanadverbialVerb-edformasanobjectcomplementthepreparedmindSurprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.getitsmassproductionstartedWorkingouttherules1.Theverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)________(active/passive)meaning.2.Theverb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranoun

orpronoun.Itmodifiesthenounorpronounlikea(n)________________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).3.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclauseRewritethefollowingsentencesusingaverb-edformasanattributives,adverbialorobjectcomplement.1.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipment