新教材適用2025版高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第5部分高考題型組合練組合練6

組合練6Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2024·湖南省岳陽(yáng)市高三一模)Teachingartificialintelligencetounderstandsimplephysicsconcepts,suchasthatonesolidobjectcan'toccupythesamespaceasanother,couldleadtomorecapablesoftwarethattakeslesscomputationalresourcestotrain,sayresearchersatDeepMind.Now,LuisPilotoatDeepMindandhiscolleagueshavecreatedanAIcalledPhysicsLearningthroughAuto-encodingandTrackingObjects(PLATO)thatisdesignedtounderstandthatthephysicalworldiscomposedofobjectsthatfollowbasicphysicallaws.TheresearcherstrainedPLATOtoidentifyobjectsandtheirinteractionsbyusingsimulated(模擬的)videosofobjectsmovingaswewouldexpect,suchasballsfallingtotheground,rollingbehindeachotherandbouncingoffeachother.TheyalsogavePLATOdatashowingwhichpixels(像素)ineveryframeorphotobelongedtoeachobject.TotestPLATO'sabilitytounderstandfivephysicalconcepts,suchassolidity,persistence(thatanobjectdoesn'ttendtovanish)andunchangingness(thatanobjecttendstoretainfeatureslikeshapeandcolour),theresearchersusedanotherseriesofsimulatedvideos.Someshowedobjectsobeyingthelawsofphysics,whileothersdepictedridiculousactions.TheytaskedPLATOtopredictwhatwouldhappennextineachvideo,andfoundthatitspredictionswerereliablywrongfornonsensicalvideos,butusuallycorrectforlogicalones,suggestingthatAIhasanintuitive(直覺(jué)的)knowledgeofphysics.PilotosaystheresultsshowthataneccentricviewoftheworldcouldgiveanAIamoregeneralizedandadaptablesetofabilities.“Ifyouconsider,forinstance,allthedifferentscenesthatanapplemightbein，”hesays.“Youdon'thavetolearnaboutanappleonatree,versusanappleinyourkitchen,versusanappleinthegarbage.Whenyoukindofseparatetheappleasitsownthing,you'reinabetterpositiontogeneralizehowitbehavesinnewsystems,innewcontexts.Itprovideslearningefficiency.”“Thisissomewhatliketeachingakidwhatacarisbyfirstteachingthemwhatwheelsandseatsare，”ChenFengatNewYorkUniversitysays.“Thebenefitofusingobjectcentricrepresentation,insteadofrawvisualinputs,makesAIlearnintuitivephysicalconceptswithbetterdataefficiency.”1.WhywasPLATOcreated？A．TohelpAIprocessmoredatA．B．ToteachAIresearchershowtousesimplephysicsknowledge.C．ToenableAItocomprehendsimplephysicsconcepts.D．Tohaveobjectsfollowbasicphysicallaws.2.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout？A．Thepurposeoftheresearch.B．Theparticipantsoftheresearch.C．Theobjectsoftheresearch.D．Theprocessoftheresearch.3.What'sthefunctionoftheexampleinParagraph4？A．Clarifyaconcept.B．Providetheoreticalbasis.C．Attractreaders'attention.D．Introduceascene.4.WhichwordcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowardsPLATO？A．Unconcerned. B．Critical.C．Objective. D．Indifferent.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講解并描述了教會(huì)人工智能理解基本的物理概念，使之擁有人一樣的直覺(jué)感知，有利于研制出占用更少計(jì)算資源的、功能更為強(qiáng)大的軟件。1．C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Now,LuisPilotoatDeepMindandhiscolleagueshavecreatedanAIcalledPhysicsLearningthroughAuto-encodingandTrackingObjects(PLATO)thatisdesignedtounderstandthatthephysicalworldiscomposedofobjectsthatfollowbasicphysicallaws.(現(xiàn)在，DeepMind的LuisPiloto和他的同事們已經(jīng)研制出了一個(gè)稱(chēng)之為‘通過(guò)自動(dòng)解碼并追蹤物體進(jìn)行物理學(xué)習(xí)的人工智能設(shè)備(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)PLATO)’，這個(gè)設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)的目的在于使人工智能理解物理世界是由遵循基本物理規(guī)則的物體組成。)”可知，制造PLATO的目的是為了教會(huì)人工智能理解基本的物理概念。故選C。2．D段落大意題。依據(jù)第三段“TheresearcherstrainedPLATOtoidentifyobjectsandtheirinteractionsbyusingsimulated(模擬的)videosofobjectsmovingaswewouldexpect,suchasballsfallingtotheground,rollingbehindeachotherandbouncingoffeachother.(探討人員通過(guò)運(yùn)用模擬物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的視頻訓(xùn)練PLATO識(shí)別物體以及物體之間的相互影響。物體的這些運(yùn)動(dòng)形式符合我們的想象，比如球會(huì)掉到地上、滾到其他球的后面并相互碰撞。)”以及本段“TheytaskedPLATOtopredictwhatwouldhappennextineachvideo,andfoundthatitspredictionswerereliablywrongfornonsensicalvideos,butusuallycorrectforlogicalones,suggestingthatAIhasanintuitive(直覺(jué)的)knowledgeofphysics.(他們給PLATO設(shè)置任務(wù)預(yù)料每一個(gè)視頻接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。他們發(fā)覺(jué)人工智能對(duì)于無(wú)意義的視頻的預(yù)料是錯(cuò)誤的，而對(duì)有邏輯性的視頻的預(yù)料是正確的，這表明人工智能對(duì)物理學(xué)問(wèn)有直覺(jué)相識(shí)。)”可知，本段主要講解并描述的是探討過(guò)程。故選D。3．A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“PilotosaystheresultsshowthataneccentricviewoftheworldcouldgiveanAIamoregeneralizedandadaptablesetofabilities.(Piloto說(shuō)這個(gè)結(jié)果顯示對(duì)世界有怪異的想法會(huì)給人工智能一種概括性更強(qiáng)、適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)的實(shí)力。)”以及后面的“forinstance”可知，作者舉例是要對(duì)前面提出的概念進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。故選A。4．C觀點(diǎn)看法題。依據(jù)最終一段“Thisissomewhatliketeachingakidwhatacarisbyfirstteachingthemwhatwheelsandseatsare(這就有點(diǎn)像先教孩子什么是輪子、什么是座位然后再教什么是汽車(chē)一樣)”可知，作者對(duì)PLATO的看法是一種基于常識(shí)的客觀的看法。故選C。B(2024·甘肅省張掖市高三一模)TheFoodandDrugAdministration,citinganepidemicofdiet-relatedillness,releasednewguidelines(準(zhǔn)則)WednesdayaimedatreducingtheamountofsaltthatofAmericansconsumesatrestaurants,schoolcafeteriasandtrucks,orwhentheyareeatingpackagedandpreparedfoodsathome.TheguidelinestargetedmanufacturesthatsellfoodsmadefromgrainsaswellaspotatochipsandFrenchfries.Therecommendations,issuedafteryearsofdelay,seektoreducetheaveragedailysodiumintakestepbystep—sodiumisthechemicalnameforsalt—by12%overthenexttwo-and-ahalfyearsbyencouragingfoodmanufacturers,restaurantsandfoodservicecompaniestoscalebacktheiruseofsalt.Thatgoaltranslatesinto3,000milligramsofsalt—slightlymorethan1teaspoon—comparedtothe3,400milligramsthatAmericanstypicallyconsumeinaday.American'sloveaffairwithsaltyfoodshasbeenlinkedtoalarminglyhighratesofhighbloodpressure,aleadingriskfactorforheartattacks,strokesandkidneyfailure.MuchoftheexcesssodiumthatAmericansconsume,about70%comesfromprocessedandpackagedfoodandmealsservedatrestaurants,accordingtoresearchers.Theguidancewillapplyto163categoriesofprocessedandpackagedfoodandprovidedifferenttargetsfor,say,ryebread,saladdressingandbabyfood.NutritionistsandpublichealthexpertspraisedtheFDAfortakingontheproblemofexcesssodium,sayingtheeffortwouldhelpsharpenthepublic'sfocusonthedangersoftakingintoomuchsaltandcreatepressureonfoodcompaniestoreducetheirrelianceonsaltasacheapflavorbooster.Butmanysaidthatvoluntarymeasureswereunlikelytomovetheneedleverymuch.Someexpertshavesuggestedcompulsoryreductions.Dr.DariushMozaffarianfromTuftsUniversitysaidarecentstudyinChinasuggestedtheFDAshouldbefirmerwithitsguidelines.Thestudyshowedpeoplewhousedasaltreplacementreducedtheirchancesofstrokeandheartproblemscomparedtothosewhousedregularsalt.MozaffariansaidtheeffectofthesodiumguidelineswilldependonhowwelltheFDAmonitorsfoodcompaniesandtheirprogress.5.WhatistrueabouttheFDA'sguidanceaboutsaltcut？A．Itinvolvesallfoodcompanies.B．Itconcernshomemadefood.C．Itwillbecarriedoutgradually.D．Itwillbefollowedstrictly.6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“movetheneedle”meaninthelastparagraph？A．Encouragepeopletoeatout.B．Threatenthefoodcompanies.C．Replacethetradition.D．Bringaboutchanges.7.WhyisChinamentionedinthelastparagraph？A．TopersuadetheFDAtobepatient.B．Toprovetheeffectoflesssaltintake.C．TopraiseChinaforitsaction.D．Tointroduceasaltreplacement.8.Whatarethelasttwoparagraphsmainlyabout？A．DisapprovaloftheFDAguidelines.B．ReactionstotheFDAguidelines.C．AnticipationoftheFDAguidelines.D．ApproachestotheFDAguidelines.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局關(guān)于削減鹽攝入量的指導(dǎo)方針及社會(huì)對(duì)這項(xiàng)指導(dǎo)方針的不同的反應(yīng)。5．C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Therecommendations,issuedafteryearsofdelay,seektoreducetheaveragedailysodiumintakestepbystep—sodiumisthechemicalnameforsalt—by12%overthenexttwo-and-ahalfyearsbyencouragingfoodmanufacturers,restaurantsandfoodservicecompaniestoscalebacktheiruseofsalt.(這些建議是在拖延多年后發(fā)布的，旨在通過(guò)激勵(lì)食品制造商、餐館和食品服務(wù)公司削減食鹽的運(yùn)用，在將來(lái)兩年半內(nèi)逐步將鈉——鹽的化學(xué)名稱(chēng)——的平均每日攝入量削減12%。)”可知，美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局關(guān)于削減鹽的攝入量的指導(dǎo)目標(biāo)是在將來(lái)兩年半內(nèi)逐步將鹽的平均每日攝入量削減12%，該指導(dǎo)方針將逐步實(shí)施。故選C。6．D詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)后句“Someexpertshavesuggestedcompulsoryreductions.(一些專(zhuān)家建議強(qiáng)制削減鹽的運(yùn)用。)”可知，下文專(zhuān)家建議強(qiáng)制削減鹽的運(yùn)用，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用，不會(huì)帶來(lái)太大改變，所以才會(huì)建議強(qiáng)制削減鹽的運(yùn)用。故選D。7．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Dr.DariushMozaffarianfromTuftsUniversitysaidarecentstudyinChinasuggestedtheFDAshouldbefirmerwithitsguidelines.Thestudyshowedpeoplewhousedasaltreplacementreducedtheirchancesofstrokeandheartproblemscomparedtothosewhousedregularsalt.(塔夫茨高校的DariushMozaffarian博士說(shuō)，中國(guó)最近的一項(xiàng)探討表明，F(xiàn)DA應(yīng)當(dāng)更嚴(yán)格地遵守其指導(dǎo)方針。探討表明，與運(yùn)用一般鹽的人相比，運(yùn)用鹽替代物的人中風(fēng)和心臟問(wèn)題的幾率降低。)”可知，中國(guó)最近的一項(xiàng)探討表明，與運(yùn)用一般鹽的人相比，運(yùn)用鹽替代物的人中風(fēng)和心臟問(wèn)題的幾率降低，少攝入鹽會(huì)降低中風(fēng)和心臟問(wèn)題的幾率，最終一段提到中國(guó)是為了證明少攝入鹽的效果。故選B。8．B段落大意題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“NutritionistsandpublichealthexpertspraisedtheFDAfortakingontheproblemofexcesssodium,sayingtheeffortwouldhelpsharpenthepublic'sfocusonthedangersoftakingintoomuchsaltandcreatepressureonfoodcompaniestoreducetheirrelianceonsaltasacheapflavorbooster.(養(yǎng)分學(xué)家和公共衛(wèi)生專(zhuān)家贊揚(yáng)FDA解決了鈉過(guò)量的問(wèn)題，稱(chēng)這項(xiàng)努力將有助于加強(qiáng)公眾對(duì)攝入過(guò)多鹽的危急的關(guān)注，并給食品公司帶來(lái)壓力，使其削減對(duì)鹽作為廉價(jià)調(diào)味劑的依靠。)”和最終一段“Butmanysaidthatvoluntarymeasureswereunlikelytomovetheneedleverymuch.Someexpertshavesuggestedcompulsoryreductions.(但很多人表示，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用。一些專(zhuān)家建議強(qiáng)制削減鹽的運(yùn)用。)”可知，文章最終兩段主要介紹了人們對(duì)FDA減鹽的指導(dǎo)方針的反應(yīng)，有人表示贊揚(yáng)，有人認(rèn)為不太可能起到很大的作用。故選B。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2024·河北省石家莊市高三一模)TheChinesecouplet(對(duì)聯(lián))referstotwopoeticlinesobeyingcertainrules,oftenwrittenonredpaperfor1(appreciate)．AsaformofChineseliterature,thecouplet2(vary)incontentandstyle.Someexpresspeople'slovetotheirmotherland,somedescribethebeautyofnature,3someconveybestwishesforthecomingyear.ChinesecoupletsoriginatedintheFiveDynasties,and4(become)ubiquitous(無(wú)處不在的)intheMingandQingdynasties.Itwasacustomforpeople5(hang)peachwoodcharmstodriveawayevilspiritsduringtheSpringFestival.Nowadays,coupletsareused6asimilarway.Itwassaidthatthe7(early)coupletwaswrittenbyMengXu,kingofHoushuStateanditwas8(extreme)popularintheNorthernSongDynasty.SincetheMingDynasty,towritecouplets9(regard)asamarkoftheculturedlifeofscholars.Thecouplethastwoequal-lengthlines.However,10numberofcharactersineachlinecanbefromfourtosevenormore.Thefirstandthesecondlineshaveoppositetonepatterns.Thelastcharacterofthefirstlineisofanobliquetone(仄聲),anditsoppositeinthesecondline,ofaleveltone(平聲)．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講解并描述中國(guó)對(duì)聯(lián)的形式、表達(dá)意義和起源等信息。1．a(chǎn)ppreciation考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)的對(duì)聯(lián)是指遵循肯定規(guī)則的兩行詩(shī)，通常寫(xiě)在紅紙上供觀賞。設(shè)空處在介詞for后，應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填appreciation。2．varies考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意：作為中國(guó)文學(xué)的一種形式，對(duì)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格各不相同。設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)，描述客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是thecouplet，謂語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故填varies。3．a(chǎn)nd考查連詞。句意：有的表達(dá)了人們對(duì)祖國(guó)的愛(ài)，有的描述了自然的漂亮，還有的表達(dá)了對(duì)來(lái)年的美妙祝福。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，三個(gè)句子是并列的關(guān)系，后面兩個(gè)句子應(yīng)用and連接。故填and。4．became考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：中國(guó)的對(duì)聯(lián)起源于五代，在明清時(shí)期變得普遍。設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，依據(jù)上半句和上下文語(yǔ)境可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填became。5．tohang考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：人們?cè)诖汗?jié)期間掛桃木符咒來(lái)驅(qū)魔是一種習(xí)俗。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式。故填tohang。6．in考查介詞。句意：如今，人們也用類(lèi)似的方式來(lái)運(yùn)用對(duì)聯(lián)。表示“運(yùn)用某種方式”，一般用介詞in。故填in。7．earliest考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)，世界上最早的對(duì)聯(lián)是后蜀國(guó)皇帝孟昶寫(xiě)的，在北宋時(shí)期特別流行。設(shè)空處修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)為形容詞，依據(jù)句意可知是最高級(jí)。故填earliest。8．extremely考查副詞。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)，世界上最早的對(duì)聯(lián)是后蜀國(guó)皇帝孟昶寫(xiě)的，在北宋時(shí)期特別流行。設(shè)空處修飾形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填extremely。9．hasbeenregarded考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意：自明代起，寫(xiě)對(duì)聯(lián)就被視為文人學(xué)士生活修養(yǎng)的標(biāo)記。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)，依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)SincetheMingDynasty可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是不定式towritecouplets，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故填hasbeenregarded。10．the考查冠詞。句意：但是，每行中的字符數(shù)可以是4到7個(gè)或更多。thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)量”。故填the。Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作(滿分15分)(2024·福建省廈門(mén)市高三畢業(yè)班二模)假定你是李華，你的英國(guó)筆友Ross在郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)電影很感愛(ài)好。請(qǐng)舉薦一部你最寵愛(ài)的影片，內(nèi)容包括：1．你的舉薦；2．你的理由。留意：1．寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。【范文】DearRoss，KnowingthatyouareinterestedinChinesefilms,IammorethanexcitedbecauseIamfairlyafilmlovermyself.Irecommendawell-knownChinesefilmtitledMonkeyKingtoyou,whichtellsthefairytaleofSunWukong,theMonkeyKing.IttellsthestoryofSunWukong,whoisnotafraidofpower,fightingagainstthedragonpalaceandtheheaven,andbravelyfightingwiththeheavensoldiersandtheheavengenerals.Watchingthisfilm,youwillbedeeplymovedbythecourageandspiritofthemaincharacterSunWukong.That'swhyImakethisrecommendation.Iamlookingforwardtoyourviewofthisfilm.Yours，LiHuaⅣ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。(2024·吉林省白山市高三一模)AfterJustinGordoncamebackfromhislastdelivery,thekitchenwascleanandemptyandthelightswereoff.Hewaschanginghisclotheswhentherestaurant'slandlinerang.Hewasn'tsupposedtoanswerthephone,buthewasafraiditmightbehisboss,Mr.Kelso.Sohepickedupthephoneandsaid,“GourmetRestaurant,mayIhelpyou？”Anoldwoman'svoicewasontheotherside,“I'msogladyou'restillopen!I'vejustreturnedfromalongtripandIhavenofoodinthehouse.Ireallywanttoordersomedinner！”Justinhesitatedforamoment,thenhewrotedownthewoman'snameandaddressandheadedforthekitchen.Fortunately,Justinwasanexcellentcook.Infact,hislatefatherwasagoodchefandhisdreamwastobecomeanother,buthecouldn'taffordtoentertheCulinaryAcademy(烹飪學(xué)院)．Thefoodwasreadysoon.Hewouldn'thavetimetocleanupthekitchenifhewastodeliverthefoodquickly.Sohedecidedtocomeintoworkearlythenextmorning.Hejumpedontohismotorbikeandheadedforthecustomer'saddress.Awomaninawheelchairansweredthedoor.“Goodevening,Madam,thisisaspecialdeliveryfromGourmetRestaurant.Itisfreeofcharge！”Justinsaid.Earlythenextmorning,thefirstthingforJustinwastocleanupthekitchen.HehadnearlyfinishedwhenMr.Kelsowalkedin.“You'renotthechef!You'reallowedinthekitchenonlyifit'stopickupdeliveries！”hescreamed,“Youactedagainsttherule!YOU'REFIRED！”Justinwasclosetotears,butheknewthathehadbrokentherule.Therewasnothinghecouldsaymore.Mr.Kelsowasextremelyangry.Whenhewenttodinnerathismother'sthatevening,hetoldherallaboutit.“Somewomanphonedinanorderafterhours,andheleftthekitcheninchaos！”hescoffed,“Canyoubelieveit？”“Yes，”hismothersaid,“Iphonedhim,son.”留意：1．續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1：Hismothertoldhimwhathappenedthatevening.