十年（2015-2024）高考真題英語分項(xiàng)匯編（全國）專題 22 完形填空(新高考15空)（教師卷）

專題22完形填空(新高考15空)2024年Close1【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】I’vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks’achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend____41____amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning____42____,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas____43____fora“super,”referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I____44____it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy____45____seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly____46____I’deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI____47____cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I____48____ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I____49____herbikeandwentforaride.The____50____:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI’dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I’dneverfacedsuch____51____.Thatday,Igot____52____byabout100“l(fā)ocal”bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn’tseemquiteas____53____.I’ve____54____alotsincethen.I’vecometoacceptthatwhatever____55____Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.41.A.knew B.held C.won D.quit42.A.regularly B.silently C.proudly D.recently43.A.asking B.looking C.waiting D.training44.A.made B.believed C.hated D.deserved45.A.advantage B.achievement C.contribution D.influence46.A.way B.risk C.place D.reason47.A.gaveup B.wenton C.turnedto D.dealtwith48.A.heard B.dreamed C.complained D.approved49.A.painted B.borrowed C.bought D.parked50.A.problem B.secret C.principle D.advice51.A.dangers B.events C.opponents D.challenges52.A.passed B.convinced C.admired D.stopped53.A.reliable B.convenient C.familiar D.appealing54.A.traveled B.matured C.missed D.worried55.A.limits B.dates C.goals D.tests【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.C45.B46.D47.C48.B49.B50.A51.D52.A53.D54.B55.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。它詳細(xì)敘述了作者在不同階段對不同運(yùn)動(dòng)（跑步和騎自行車）的興趣和經(jīng)歷，并通過這些經(jīng)歷反映了作者的成長和心理變化?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我十幾歲的時(shí)候，一個(gè)鄰居朋友贏得了馬拉松比賽。A.knew知道；B.held抓住；C.won贏得；D.quit退出。根據(jù)后文“Feelingmotivated”可知，作者有了動(dòng)力，所以此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)鄰居朋友贏得了馬拉松比賽。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有了動(dòng)力，我開始定期跑步，但后來發(fā)生了兩件事。A.regularly有規(guī)律地；B.silently默默地；C.proudly自豪地；D.recently最近。根據(jù)前文“Feelingmotivated”可知，作者有了動(dòng)力，所以應(yīng)是定期跑步，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一個(gè)女孩告訴我，她正在為“超級”馬拉松訓(xùn)練，指的是52.4英里的雙馬拉松。A.asking要求；B.looking看；C.waiting等待；D.training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)后文“referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon”可知，女孩要跑雙馬拉松，所以此處應(yīng)是為之訓(xùn)練，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。【44題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：說實(shí)話，我討厭它!A.made制作；B.believed相信；C.hated討厭；D.deserved值得。根據(jù)前文“Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.”以及后文“Betweenthegirlmakingmy5seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging”可知，作者最長跑了15miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是討厭這個(gè)成績。故選C項(xiàng)。【45題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那個(gè)女孩面前，我的成就顯得微不足道，再加上慢跑的無聊，我決定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A.advantage優(yōu)勢；B.achievement成就；C.contribution貢獻(xiàn)；D.influence影響。根據(jù)前文“Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.”以及后文“seemsmall”可知，作者最長跑了15miles，而女孩在為52.4miles做訓(xùn)練，所以應(yīng)是作者的成就微不足道。故選B項(xiàng)。【46題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那個(gè)女孩面前，我的成就顯得微不足道，再加上慢跑的無聊，我決定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A.way方式；B.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；C.place地方；D.reason理由。根據(jù)后文“I’deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才會(huì)再跑步，這里說的是跑步的原因。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：所以我開始騎自行車。A.gaveup放棄；B.wenton繼續(xù)；C.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向；D.dealtwith處理。根據(jù)前文“Idecidedthattheonly6I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!”可知，作者決定放棄跑步，所以此處應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)向騎自行車。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我夢想著參加自行車比賽，直到我飛到圣地亞哥去看我妹妹。A.heard聽到；B.dreamed夢想；C.complained抱怨；D.approved批準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)后文“ofenteringcycleraces”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處應(yīng)是作者夢想著參加自行車比賽，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天她上班的時(shí)候，我借了她的自行車去兜風(fēng)。A.painted把……描繪成；B.borrowed借；C.bought買；D.parked停(車)。根據(jù)前文“IflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister”以及后文“wentforaride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去騎行的話，應(yīng)是向妹妹借自行車。故選B項(xiàng)。【50題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：問題是：那里的道路穿過很大的山谷，我一次要騎上坡好幾英里。A.problem問題；B.secret秘密；C.principle原則；D.advice建議。根據(jù)后文“I’dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I’dneverfacedsuch11.”可知，作者要騎上坡好幾英里，這對他來說，是一個(gè)問題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來沒有遇到過這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。A.dangers危險(xiǎn)；B.events事件；C.opponents對手；D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)前文“The10:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI’dberidinguphillformilesatatime.”可知，作者要騎上坡好幾英里，這對他來說是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：。那天，我被大約100個(gè)習(xí)慣了這種道路的“當(dāng)?shù)亍彬T自行車的人超過了。A.passed超過；B.convinced說服；C.admired欣賞；D.stopped阻止。根據(jù)前文“I’dneverfacedsuch11.”可知，作者騎上坡好幾英里是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，所以是被很多人超過。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我回到家，突然騎自行車似乎不那么吸引人了。A.reliable可信賴的；B.convenient方便的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.appealing吸引人的。根據(jù)前文“Thatday,Igot12byabout100“l(fā)ocal”bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.”可知，作者那天騎行被100多人超過，所以此時(shí)是覺得騎自行車似乎不那么吸引人了。故選D項(xiàng)。【54題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從那以后我成熟了很多。A.traveled旅行；B.matured(情感和認(rèn)識(shí))成熟；C.missed思念；D.worried擔(dān)心。根據(jù)后文“I’vecometoacceptthatwhatever15Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.”可知，作者不再輕易放棄，所以是成熟了很多。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我已經(jīng)開始接受這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：無論我為自己設(shè)定什么目標(biāo)，它們都必須是我自己的。A.limits限制；B.dates日期；C.goals目標(biāo)；D.tests測試。根據(jù)后文“Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.”可知，此處應(yīng)是“無論我為自己設(shè)定什么目標(biāo)，它們都必須是我自己的”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。Close2【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】WhenIdecidedtobuyahouseinEuropetenyearsago,Ididn'tthinktoolong.IlikedtravelinginFrance,butwhenitcametopickingmyfavoritespotto___21___,Italywastheclearwinner.DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly,I___22___toaskfordirectionsororderinarestaurant.ButeverytimeItriedto___23___asentenceofItaliantogether,thelocalssmiledatmeand___24___mylanguageskills.Thatencouragementhelpedmetogetthroughthelanguage___25___.AfterImadeItalymypermanenthome,Idiscoveredhow___26___Italiansare.Neighborswillbringmefreshlymadecheeseandwillcometomydoorto___27___metoclosethewindowinmycarwhenrainiscoming.It'sthesesmall___28___ofkindnessthatmakeanewcountryfeellikehome.Asafoodie,thewaytomyheartisthroughmystomach,andnowherefuelsmy___29___quitelikeItaly.Eachtownhasitsowntraditional____30____,andeveryfamilykeepsarecipepassedfromonegenerationtoanother.Families____31____forbigmealsonSundays,birthdays,andwhateverotherexcusestheycan____32____.Thesemealsarealways____33____bylaughterandjoy.Whatever____34____lifeinItalymighthave,theproblemsare____35____onceyousitdowntoabigmealwithfriendsandfamily.21.A.study B.rent C.visit D.settle22.A.planned B.struggled C.refused D.happened23.A.string B.hang C.mix D.match24.A.improved B.assessed C.admired D.praised25.A.course B.barrier C.area D.test26.A.open-minded B.strong-willed C.warm-hearted D.well-informed27.A.remind B.allow C.persuade D.order28.A.tricks B.promises C.acts D.duties29.A.ambition B.success C.appetite D.growth30.A.costume B.dish C.symbol D.tale31.A.gather B.cheer C.leave D.wait32.A.putupwith B.standupfor C.comeupwith D.makeupfor33.A.signaled B.confirmed C.represented D.accompanied34.A.disadvantages B.meanings C.surprises D.opportunities35.A.created B.forgotten C.understood D.identified【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.B26.C27.A28.C29.C30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者十年前選擇在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的風(fēng)土人情?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：我喜歡在法國旅行，但當(dāng)談到選擇我最喜歡的定居地點(diǎn)時(shí)，意大利顯然是贏家。A.study學(xué)習(xí)；B.rent租金；C.visit游覽；D.settle定居。根據(jù)下文“AfterImadeItalymypermanenthome”以及“makeanewcountryfeellikehome”可推知，此處指作者最喜歡的定居地點(diǎn)。故選D。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：在我第一次訪問意大利時(shí)，我很難問路或在餐館點(diǎn)餐。A.planned計(jì)劃；B.struggled斗爭、吃力地進(jìn)行；C.refused拒絕；D.happened出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生。根據(jù)上文“DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly”可推知，此處指作者第一次到意大利，語言不通，很難溝通交流。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：我試著把一個(gè)意大利語句子串在一起，當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ξ椅⑿?，稱贊我的語言技能。A.string串起、連成一串；B.hang懸掛；C.mix混合；D.match配對。根據(jù)下文“asentenceofItaliantogether”可推知，此處指作者努力想用意大利語串成一句話。故選A。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：我試著把一個(gè)意大利語句子串在一起，當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ξ椅⑿?，稱贊我的語言技能。A.improved改進(jìn)；B.assessed評估；C.admired欽佩；D.praised贊揚(yáng)。根據(jù)上文“thelocalssmiledatme”以及下文“Thatencouragement”可推知，此處指作者嘗試說意大利語，當(dāng)?shù)厝速潛P(yáng)作者的語言能力。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：這種鼓勵(lì)幫助我克服了語言障礙。A.course課程；B.barrier障礙；C.area區(qū)域；D.test測試。根據(jù)上文“thelocalssmiledatmeandpraisedmylanguageskills.Thatencouragementhelpedme”可推知，此處指當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ψ髡叩墓膭?lì)幫助他克服了語言障礙。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析，句意：當(dāng)我把意大利作為永久的家后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了意大利人是多么的熱情。A.open-minded思想開明的；B.strong-willed思想堅(jiān)定的；C.warm-hearted熱心的；D.well-informed見多識(shí)廣的。根據(jù)下文鄰居的熱心行為“Neighborswillbringmefreshlymadecheeseandwillcometomydoor”和“closethewindowinmycarwhenrainiscoming.”可推知，此處指鄰居是熱情的。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：鄰居們會(huì)給我?guī)硇迈r的奶酪，還會(huì)在下雨的時(shí)候來我家門前提醒我關(guān)上車窗。A.remind提醒；B.allow允許；C.persuade說服；D.order命令。根據(jù)上文“Idiscoveredhowwarm-heartedItaliansare”以及下文“willcometomydoor”可推知，此處指熱心的鄰居在下雨的時(shí)候來作者家門前提醒他關(guān)上車窗。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：正是這些小小的善舉讓一個(gè)新國家有家的感覺。A.tricks技巧；B.promises承諾；C.acts行為；D.duties職責(zé)。根據(jù)上文“Neighborswillbringmefreshlymadecheeseandwillcometomydoortoremindmetoclosethewindowinmycarwhenrainiscoming.”可推知，此處指鄰居們的善舉。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：作為一個(gè)美食家，通往我內(nèi)心的路是通過我的胃，沒有什么地方能像意大利那樣刺激我的食欲。A.ambition雄心；B.success成功；C.appetite食欲；D.growth發(fā)育。根據(jù)上文“Asafoodie,thewaytomyheartisthroughmystomach”可推知，此處指做這是一個(gè)美食家，所以應(yīng)該是刺激食欲。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)都有自己的傳統(tǒng)菜肴，每個(gè)家庭都保存著代代相傳的食譜。A.costume服裝；B.dish菜肴；C.symbol符號(hào)；D.tale故事。根據(jù)上文“fuelsmyappetite”以及下文“everyfamilykeepsarecipepassedfromonegenerationtoanother”可推知，此處指意大利各地都有傳統(tǒng)菜肴。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A.gather集合；B.cheer歡呼；C.leave留下；D.wait等待。根據(jù)上文“Families”以及下文“withfriendsandfamily”可推知，此處指一家人聚集在一起吃飯。故選A。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A.putupwith克服；B.standupfor支持；C.comeupwith想出；D.makeupfor彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)上文“whateverotherexcusestheycan”可推知，此處指家人們?yōu)榱司墼谝黄鸪燥埗氤龅睦碛?。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：這些飯菜總是伴隨著笑聲和喜悅。A.signaled示意；B.confirmed確認(rèn)；C.represented代表；D.accompanied伴隨。根據(jù)下文“bylaughterandjoy”可推知，此處指家人們在一起用餐時(shí)伴隨著歡聲笑語。固定搭配“accompanyby”譯為“伴隨”。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：無論意大利的生活有什么缺點(diǎn)，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來吃頓大餐，這些問題就會(huì)被遺忘。A.disadvantages缺點(diǎn)；B.meanings含義；C.surprises驚喜；D.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)上文“Whatever”以及下文“theproblems”可推知，此處指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處。故選A。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：無論意大利的生活有什么缺點(diǎn)，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來吃頓大餐，這些問題就會(huì)被遺忘。A.created創(chuàng)建；B.forgotten忘記；C.understood理解；D.identified確認(rèn)。根據(jù)上文“WhateverdisadvantageslifeinItalymighthave,theproblems”以及下文“onceyousitdowntoabigmealwithfriendsandfamily”可推知，此處指無論在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處，跟家人們吃一頓飯就會(huì)忘記不愉快。故選B。Close3【2024浙江1月卷】Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful____21____withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman____22____meonthetrain.My____23____friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe____24____topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhours,hewouldtellmeabouthowhehad____25____atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob____26____highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsthemost____27____,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeye,hewould____28____atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican____29____asawhole.”AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I____30____himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto____31____myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,____32____,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he____33____mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom____34____withanopenmind,andawillingnessto____35____withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.21.A.experimentB.encounter C.competition D.appointment22.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached23.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost24.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right25.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded26.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding27.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable28.A.publish B.quote C.сорy D.download29.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students30.Aanticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch31.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith32.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated33.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised34.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching35A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一次在火車上偶遇了一個(gè)年輕的中國男子，在交談中發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人見多識(shí)廣、自學(xué)成才，是一個(gè)令人欽佩的人。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在中國西北部的塔克拉瑪干沙漠邊緣坐了20個(gè)小時(shí)的火車時(shí)，其間我與一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘环N謙卑、有教育意義的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，這是所有旅行者都渴望的。A.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.encounter邂逅；C.competition比賽；D.appointment任命。根據(jù)后文“withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor”指作者和當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘淮蚊烂畹腻忮?。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向我走來。A.treated對待；B.saved拯救；C.lectured演講；D.approached靠近。根據(jù)后文“meonthetrain”以及后文兩人交談，可知一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向作者走來。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會(huì)說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)我的中文。A.true真的；B.so-called所謂的；C.new新的；D.long-lost很久不見的。根據(jù)上文“AyoungChineseman”可知，兩人是在火車上認(rèn)識(shí)的，所以是新朋友。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會(huì)說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)我的中文。A.chance機(jī)會(huì)；B.advice建議；C.trouble麻煩；D.right權(quán)利。根據(jù)后文“topracticemyChinese”可知，作者抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)中文。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)里，他會(huì)告訴我他是如何參加了一個(gè)為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A.visited拜訪；B.financed提供資金；C.attended參加，上(學(xué))；D.founded成立。根據(jù)后文“atwo-yearprofessionalschool”可知，指這個(gè)年輕人去上了一個(gè)為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)里，他會(huì)告訴我他是如何參加了一個(gè)為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A.building修建；B.sweeping打掃；C.checking檢查；D.guarding守衛(wèi)。根據(jù)后文“highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily”可知，年輕人修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，也許最值得注意的是這個(gè)人每天在辛苦的體力勞動(dòng)之后花幾個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)。A.typical典型的；B.obvious顯然的；C.natural自然的；D.remarkable引人注目的。根據(jù)后文“thismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.”可知，這個(gè)人每天在辛苦的體力勞動(dòng)之后花幾個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)，這是最值得注意的品質(zhì)。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他會(huì)眼都不眨地引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，然后再詢問美國作家對文學(xué)的整體影響。A.publish出版；B.quote引用；C.copy復(fù)制；D.download下載。根據(jù)后文“atranslatedEmersonpassage”指引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他會(huì)眼都不眨地引用翻譯過的愛默生的一段話，然后再詢問美國作家對文學(xué)的整體影響。A.writers作者；B.historians歷史學(xué)家；C.workers工人；D.students學(xué)生。根據(jù)上文“atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican”以及后文“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?(你們對俄羅斯作家有什么了解？)”可知，年輕人對美國和俄羅斯的作家感興趣。故選A。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“你們對俄羅斯作家有什么了解？”我記得他曾經(jīng)問過。A.anticipate預(yù)期；B.imagine想象；C.recall記起；D.catch抓住。根據(jù)后文“himaskingatonepoint”可知，作者在回憶年輕人提過的問題。故選C。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：對于這位從未離開過家鄉(xiāng)幾百英里的公路建設(shè)者，我很容易憑空想象。A.lookinto調(diào)查；B.relyon依靠；C.goover復(fù)習(xí)；D.dealwith處理。根據(jù)后文“myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome”可知，年輕人從來沒有離開過離家?guī)装儆⒗锏牡胤?，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假設(shè)對他進(jìn)行判斷。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但這位見多識(shí)廣、自學(xué)成才、令人欽佩的人阻止了我這么做。A.well-behaved行為端正的；B.multi-skilled多技能的；C.warm-hearted熱心的；D.self-educated自學(xué)的。呼應(yīng)上文“thismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.(這個(gè)人每天在繁重的體力勞動(dòng)之后花幾個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí))”，指這個(gè)年輕人的自學(xué)能力。故選D。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏溃瑫?huì)有多么大的收獲。A.asked詢問；B.warned警告；C.showed展示；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)后文“mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom”指年輕人通過自己向作者展示了一個(gè)人可以從開放的心態(tài)和愿意與各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝私煌蝎@得多少收獲。故選C。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏溃瑫?huì)有多么大的收獲。A.traveling旅行；B.reading閱讀；C.searching搜索；D.teaching教學(xué)。根據(jù)后文“withanopenmind,andawillingnessto”結(jié)合作者當(dāng)時(shí)在乘火車旅行，所以是指帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，他向我展示了帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行，并愿意與來自各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏?，?huì)有多么大的收獲。A.cooperate合作；B.side邊；C.negotiate協(xié)商；D.engage參與。根據(jù)后文“withlocalsfromallwalksoflife”指和各行各業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏?，?yīng)用短語engagewith表示“與……接觸”。故選D。Close4【2024北京卷】I’djustarrivedatschool,readyforanotherschoolday.Iwasreadingabookintheclassroomwhentherewasan___1___.“Todayat1:10therewillbeauditions(面試)foramusical.”Myfriendsalljumpedupinexcitementandaskedme,“Willyoubegoing,Amy?”“Sure,”Isaid.Ihadno___2___indrama,butI’dtryoutbecausemyfriendsweredoingit.At1:10,therewasa___3___outsidethedramaroom.Everyonelookedenergetic.Ihadn’texpectedI’dbestandingtherethatmorning.ButnowthatIwasdoingit,I___4___feltnervous.WhatifIwasn’tanygood?Ienteredtheroomandtheteachersmademesaysomelinesfromthemusical.Theythen___5___mysingingskillsandaskedwhatroleIwantedtoplay.Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme.IfeltlikeIhada___6___,soIsaid,“Abigrole.”Theysaidthey’dlookintoit.Istartedgettingreallynervous.WhatifIdidn’tgetamainrole?Soon,thecastlistwas___7___.Myfriendscheckedandcamebackshouting,“Amy,yougotthemainrole!”Sureenough,mynamewasatthetop.Ijuststaredatitandstartedto___8___.Iwassohappy.Aftertwomonthswewereallpreparedandreadytogoonstage.Itwasfun.Andwhenpeoplestarted___9___,thatgavemeaboostofconfidence.Itstayedwithmeandmademefeel___10___.Irealisedthatbytryingsomethingnew,Icanhavefun—evenifitmeanssteppingoutofmycomfortzone.1.A.assignment B.initiative C.announcement D.interview2.A.hesitancy B.interest C.worry D.regret3.A.game B.show C.play D.line4.A.suddenly B.continuously C.originally D.generally5.A.advertised B.tested C.challenged D.polished6.A.demand B.credit C.dream D.chance7.A.traded B.posted C.questioned D.claimed8A.wellup B.rollin C.standout D.gooff9.A.whispering B.arguing C.clapping D.stretching10.A.funnier B.fairer C.cleverer D.braver【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.D7.B8.A9.C10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者抱著試一試的心態(tài)，參加了音樂劇面試卻成功獲得了扮演音樂劇主角的機(jī)會(huì)，作者在這次經(jīng)歷中體驗(yàn)到了嘗試新事物帶來的樂趣。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在教室里看書，這時(shí)有一則公告。A.assignment任務(wù)；B.initiative倡議；C.announcement公告；D.interview面試。根據(jù)下文“Todayat1:10therewillbeauditionsforamusical.”可推知，此處指作者正在教室里看書，這時(shí)作者聽到有一則公告。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我對戲劇沒有興趣，但是因?yàn)榕笥褌兌荚谧?，我也決定嘗試一下。A.hesitancy猶豫；B.interest興趣；C.worry擔(dān)心；D.regret懊悔。根據(jù)下文“ButI’dtryoutbecausemyfriendsweredoingit”可推知，此處指作者雖然對戲劇沒有興趣，但因?yàn)榕笥褌兌荚谧?，所以作者也決定嘗試一下。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在1:10的時(shí)候，戲劇室外面排起了隊(duì)。A.game游戲；B.show展覽；C.play游戲；D.line隊(duì)伍。根據(jù)下文“Everyonelookedenergetic.Ihadn’texpectedI’dbestandingtherethatmorning.”可知，此處指戲劇室外面排起了隊(duì)。故選D。【4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但是現(xiàn)在我正在排隊(duì)的時(shí)候，我突然感到緊張。A.suddenly突然；B.continuously連續(xù)不斷地；C.originally起初；D.generally通常。根據(jù)上文“ButnowthatIwasdoingit,”以及下文“WhatifIwasn’tanygood?”可推知，此處指作者在排隊(duì)的過程中突然感到緊張。故選A。【5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他們測試了我的唱歌技巧，問我想要演什么角色。A.advertised為……做廣告；B.tested測驗(yàn)；C.challenged對……懷疑；D.polished潤色。根據(jù)上文“Ienteredtheroomandtheteachersmademesaysomelinesfromthemusical.”以及下文“Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme.”可推知，此處指作者進(jìn)入戲劇室后，老師們讓作者說幾句音樂劇中的臺(tái)詞，測試作者的唱歌技巧，并對作者的表現(xiàn)很滿意。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我感覺我有機(jī)會(huì)，所以我說“一個(gè)重要的角色”。A.demand需求；B.credit信用；C.dream夢想；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)上文“Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme.”可知，作者得到老師的表揚(yáng)，所以此處指作者覺得自己有機(jī)會(huì)扮演音樂劇主角。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不久演員表就被張貼了出來。A.traded交易；B.posted張貼；C.questioned詢問；D.claimed宣稱。根據(jù)下文“Myfriendscheckedandcamebackshouting,“Amy,yougotthemainrole!””以及下文“mynamewasatthetop.”可推知，此處指很快演員表就被張貼了出來，作者在名單最上邊。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我只是盯著它，然后開始情緒開始迸發(fā)。A.wellup(情緒)迸發(fā)；B.rollin(金錢等)大量涌進(jìn)；C.standout脫穎而出；D.gooff爆炸。根據(jù)下文“Iwassohappy”可推知，此處指作者盯著演員表看，然后情緒開始迸發(fā)，感覺很開心。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后人們開始鼓掌，這給了我信心。A.whispering耳語；B.arguing爭吵；C.clapping鼓掌；D.stretching伸展。根據(jù)下文“thatgavemeaboostofconfidence”以及常識(shí)可推知，此處指人們的掌聲增強(qiáng)了作者的信心。故選C。【10題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它一直伴隨著我，讓我感到更勇敢。A.funnier更有趣的；B.fairer更公平的；C.cleverer更聰明的；D.braver更勇敢的。根據(jù)上文“thatgavemeaboostofconfidence”以及下文“Irealisedthatbytryingsomethingnew,Icanhavefun—evenifitmeanssteppingoutofmycomfortzone.”可推知，人們的掌聲給了作者信心，這使得作者感覺更勇敢，可以走出舒適區(qū)，通過嘗試新事物獲得樂趣。故選D。2023年完形填空(新高考15空)Close1【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____22____camebecauseshewascarryinga____23____acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher____24____whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She____25____tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____26____.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen____27____toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____28____attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas____29____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme____30____tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore____31____aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig____32____.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t____33____her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe____34____,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe____35____ofhumankindnesswontheday.21.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished22.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse23.A.judge B.volunteer C.classmate D.competitor24.A.race B.school C.town D.training25.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised26.A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice27.A.wentaway B.stoodup C.steppedaside D.bentdown28.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal29.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated30.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness31.A.worried B.ashamed C.confused D.discouraged32.A.game B.problem C.lesson D.deal33.A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand34.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show35.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是在明尼蘇達(dá)州舉行的一次越野賽中，MelanieBailey背著另一個(gè)參賽者DanielleLenoue過終點(diǎn)線并接受醫(yī)療檢查的善行義舉?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：MelanieBailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽。A.designed設(shè)計(jì)；B.followed跟隨；C.changed改變；D.finished完成。根據(jù)下一段的“carriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____8____attention”可知，Bailey在比賽中背一名參賽者，所以完成比賽晚了，因此句子表示“MelanieBailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽”。故選D。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻偁帉κ譀_過終點(diǎn)線。A.delay延誤；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.trouble麻煩；D.excuse借口。根據(jù)上文“MelanieBaileyshouldhave____1____thecourseearlierthanshedid”和上一題的解析可知，MelanieBailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽，她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻偁帉κ譀_過終點(diǎn)線。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻麉①愓邲_過終點(diǎn)線。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同學(xué)；D.competitor參賽者。根據(jù)第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，她是背著一名參賽者沖過終點(diǎn)線。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉?bào)紙報(bào)道，當(dāng)Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時(shí)候，她前面的一名選手開始痛苦地哭泣。A.race比賽；B.school學(xué)校；C.town城鎮(zhèn)；D.training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，此處是說“當(dāng)Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時(shí)候”。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她停下來幫助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回來；C.stopped停止；D.promised答應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“tohelpherfellowrunner”可知，她停下來幫助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Bailey扶著她的胳膊，看看她能否幫助下向前走。A.courage勇氣；B.aid幫助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建議。根據(jù)上文“Baileytookherarm”可知，此處表示看她是否能在她的幫助下向前走。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A.wentaway離開；B.stoodup站起來；C.steppedaside讓路；D.bentdown彎腰。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)etLenoueclimbontoherback”可知，Bailey彎下腰，讓勒諾爬到她的背上。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A.medical醫(yī)療的；B.public公眾的；C.constant持續(xù)不斷的；D.equal平等的。根據(jù)上文“begancryinginpain”可知，DanielleLenoue很疼，所以是要接受治療，medicalattention意為“醫(yī)療救助”。故選A。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了檢查，后來被送往醫(yī)院，在那里她得知自己的一個(gè)膝蓋受了重傷。A.interrupted打斷；B.assessed評估；C.identified識(shí)別；D.appreciated感激。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)atertakentoahospital”可知，她是先接受了檢查，再被送往醫(yī)院，也就是先接受評估。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會(huì)在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達(dá)那個(gè)援助檢查站。A.hunger饑餓；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲勞。根據(jù)第5空前的“begancryinginpain”可知，此處表示“如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會(huì)在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達(dá)那個(gè)援助檢查站”。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.ashamed慚愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄氣的。根據(jù)下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事感到困惑。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事。A.game游戲；B.problem問題；C.lesson課；D.deal交易，局面。根據(jù)下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事感到困惑，abigdeal意為“非常重要的事”。故選D。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能離開她。A.leave離開；B.cure治愈；C.bother打擾；D.understand理解。根據(jù)上文“Shewasjustcrying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺?？芍?，Bailey看見Lenoue哭喊，所以覺得不能離開她。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然這兩個(gè)年輕女子在那場體育比賽之前是陌生人，但后來她們成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test測試；C.meet體育比賽；D.show展示。根據(jù)第一段“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”及空前的“thetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbefore”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)是一場比賽，句子表示“這兩個(gè)年輕女子在那場體育比賽之前是陌生人”。故選C。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人都沒有贏得比賽，但展示出的人類善良贏得了勝利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)第二段的“l(fā)etLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____8____attention”可知，Bailey背著一個(gè)參賽者過終點(diǎn)，并背她去接受檢查，這展示了人類的善良，故選B。Close2【2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】InAprillastyear,IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight___21___.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfor___22___fortheirdog,Tiffy,and___23___wantedtotakeherwiththem.Itjust___24___thatIwasplanninganotherPNPflightwithanotherpilot,Karen,who___25___totakeTiffyfromKansasCitytoVirginia.WhatIwastodowasflytoTopekato___26___Tiffy.WhenImetTiffy’sowners,theyseemedvery___27___.George,thehusband,wastryingtobecalm,butIcouldtellthiswas___28___forhim,havingtoleavehisdogtoa___29___andtrustthateverythingwould_____30_____.Aftersomegoodbyes,IaskedGeorgeandhiswifetohelpme_____31_____Tiffyintotheplane.IpromisedtotakecareofTiffyand_____32_____themassoonaswegottoKansasCity.Theflightwas_____33_____,andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday,she_____34_____withKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.Hewasso_____35_____andsentmeanicee-mailwithpictures.ItfeltgreattoknowthatIhadhelpedbringthisfamilytogetheragain.21.A.turn B.budget C.schedule D.connection22.A.food B.shelter C.medicine D.transportation23.A.desperately B.temporarily C.secretly D.originally24.A.appeared B.proved C.happened D.showed25.A.waited B.offered C.hurried D.failed26.A.seeoff B.lookfor C.handover D.pick