詞匯、課文縮讀、語法講練、完形、閱讀、七選五、語法填空、作文-高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第四冊

牛津高中英語選擇性必修四單元一套題（高二下學(xué)期）

（詞匯、課文縮讀〈重要詞匯填空＞、語法講練、完形填空、閱讀理解、七選五、高端時(shí)訊英

語語法填空、作文一練）

一.詞匯

識(shí)記

decentadj.正派的，體面的，適當(dāng)?shù)?，合宜的，正?jīng)的

todothedecentthing識(shí)時(shí)務(wù)

Heisafine,upstanding,anddecentIrishcitizen.

Thatwasverydecentofhim.

Theywereverydecentaboutit.（他們對這件事十分寬容。）

Hedidn'tgetadecentexplanation.

Arethereanydecentrestaurantsaroundhere?

Hedreamedoflivingindecentconditions.

Thelackofdecentpublictransportisagreatdisadvantage.

JohnandhiswifeLeahareverydecentpeople.

transcriptn.抄本，副本，譽(yù)本，成績單，筆錄，文字記錄

Shewentthroughthetranscriptcarefullyinordertoeliminateallerrorsfromit.

Wehaveatranscriptofyourschoolrecords.

Didyoubringyourtranscriptfromhighschool?

Atranscriptofthetapeswaspresentedasevidenceincourt.

eliminatevt.排除，略去，不予考慮，淘汰，刷掉，殺死，除掉，鏟除，排泄，排出

toeliminate...from...把…從...中去除

Theyhavetakenpositivestepstoeliminatediscriminatorypractices.

Hedeclaredwaronthegovernmentandurgedright-wingerstoeliminatetheiropponents.

Wemusteliminateunnecessarystepsandgetdirectlytothepoint.

Theirteamwaseliminatedinthefirstround.

scrapbookn.剪貼簿，粘貼簿

Thecuttingshadbeenpastedintoascrapbook.

Shepastedthepicturesintoascrapbook.

barelyadv.幾乎不，剛剛，勉強(qiáng)，少量地，剛好

Heissoweakthathecanbarelystandup.

Ihadbarely/hardlystartedspeakingwhenheinterruptedme.

Wehadbarelyenoughmoneytolastthroughtheweekend.

Theroomwasbarelyfurnished.

cigarn.雪茄煙

Hiscigarfilledtheroomwithsmoke.

appointmentn.約定，約會(huì)，任命，委任,委任的職位

Imadeadoctor'sappointmentforyou.

Fvegotadentalappointment.

HewantstochangehisappointmentfromMondaytoWednesday.

Hispromotiontomanagerwasapopularappointment.

Ibelievehewillgetagoodappointment.

teardown拆除，拆毀

Iwanttoteardownthewallsthatholdmeinside.

Thecitywillteardownthebuildingandcreateapark.

keenadj.急切的，渴望的，渴求的，熱衷于，熱誠的，熱心的，熱情的，敏銳的，敏捷的

Tomisakeengolfer.

Theblindhaveakeensenseoftouch.

Theirkeeneyescanpenetratethewatertoadepthoffortyfeet.

Bebrave,afencebetweenmakeslovemorekeen.

Therazorhasaverykeenedge.

Theyhaveawideknowledgeofeverydaythings,andakeeninterestintheirparticularcityand

state.

TheyareratherkeentopurchaseChinesegoods.

Ifyouarekeenondoingsomething,youverymuchwanttodoit.Ifyouarekeenthatsomething

shouldhappen,youverymuchwantittohappen.

anxious,eager,keen均有“急切的，渴望的”之意。

anxious強(qiáng)調(diào)因憂慮、關(guān)注或害怕而產(chǎn)生的急切心情。

eager側(cè)重于急于成功的迫切心情。

keen強(qiáng)調(diào)因興趣強(qiáng)烈或欲望而急于做某事。

jawn.頜，下巴vi.&vt.嘮叨，數(shù)說，訓(xùn)斥，辱罵，謾罵

Oneinsiderwhohasseenthereportsaiditwasprettyjaw-droppingstuff.（?位看過這篇報(bào)告的

知情人士稱其內(nèi)容非常令人吃驚。）

Astrongsquarejawisasignoffirmcharacter.

Hefellfromaladder,andbrokehisjawbone.

Onhearingthenews,hisjawdropped.（聽到這個(gè)消息，他驚訝得張口結(jié)舌。）

Whenevermywifeandhermothergettogethertheyjawawayforhours.

Shejawedhimalldayaboutthat.

scarn.傷疤,疤痕，精神創(chuàng)傷,痕，污點(diǎn)

toscarsbforlife給某人留下永久性的疤痕，給某人永久性的傷害

Hehadascaronhisforehead.

Theoperationwillleaveascarafterhealing.

Hehasascarrunningacrosshisleftcheek.

Thescarflawedherbeauty.

Thecutinherhandhashealedcompletely,withoutleavingascar.

eyebrown.眉毛

Shedarkenedhereyebrowswithaneyebrowpencil.

Shelookedupatmesignificantly,raisinganeyebrow.

Sheraisedaquestioningeyebrow.

scarfpinn.圍巾夾，領(lǐng)帶別針

Ascarfpinisapinusedtoholdthetieinplace.

Hisscarfpinisabigdiamond,oddlyset.

concessionn.讓步，妥協(xié)，迎合，優(yōu)惠，折讓，特許，特許權(quán)，租地營業(yè)商鋪

aconcessiontosth對某事的妥協(xié)

taxconcession稅收優(yōu)惠，稅收減免

ThecompanyhasbeengrantedaconcessionbytheGovernmenttomineinthearea.

Endingthedisputewasworthalmostanyconcession.

Themuseumalsohasamail-ordercatalogueandaconcessionatSelfridges.（這個(gè)博物館還有郵

購目錄，并在塞爾福里奇百貨公司有一個(gè)鋪位。）

onthebeat在巡邏中，合拍

Morepoliceofficersoutonthebeatmayhelptocutcrime.

Lastnightinourneighborhood,somepolicemenwereonthebeat.

Theywereallplayingonthebeat.

diamondn.金剛石，鉆石，菱形，撲克牌的方塊

What?Yourdiamondringislost?

Thediamondringonherfingerglitteredinthelight.

Youmustplayadiamondifyouhaveone.（如果你有方塊就必須出。）

makeone9sfortune發(fā)財(cái):成功立業(yè)

Hewenttothewesttomakehisfortune.

losecontact/touch失去聯(lián)系

Bythetimehegotwellhehadlostcontact/touchwiththeParty.

Idon'twanttolosecontact/touchwithyou.

reliableadj.可靠的，可信賴的,確實(shí)的，真實(shí)可信的，可依靠的

Idon'tthinkheisareliableman.

Shemaybeslowbutatleastshe'sreliable.

Amanwhoisdeadtothejusticeisnotreliable.

Thereisnodoubtthatheisareliableperson.

Trainsarereliable,cheapandbestforlong-distancejourneys.

worthwhileadj.有價(jià)值的，令人愉快的，值得花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢、精力、努力）的,重要的

It'satoughexam,sotheendproductisaworthwhilequalification.

AtlastI'maworthwhilerolemodelformygirls.

Thetimeandworkinvolvedincompletingsuchanassignmentareworthwhile.

Thesmileonherfacemadeitallworthwhile.

HighpricesintheUKmakeitworthwhileforbuyerstolookabroad.

Itisworthwhiletoincludereallyhigh-qualityillustrations.

Itisworthwhiledoingit.

Iwillliveafantastic,worthwhileandproductivelife!

Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.

Teachingisaworthwhilecalling.

collarn.衣領(lǐng)，項(xiàng)飾，頸圈，領(lǐng)，頸，圈

togethotunderthecollar煩躁不安，怒氣沖沖，激動(dòng)萬分

White-collarworkersnowworklongerhours.

Hegrabbedmycollarandpulledmetowardshim.

Heturneduphiscoatcollaragainstthechillwind.

Heseizedthepickpocketbythecollar.

Shewastryingtoputthedog'scollarontotakeitforawalk.

blessvt.為……祈福，祝福，頌揚(yáng)，給……賜福，保佑……健康，保佑……興旺，賦予

blesssb/sth（愿）上帝保佑...

Blessmysoul/heart!我的天哪！

beblessedwith...在..方面有福氣,幸運(yùn)地享有....

Godblessyou.

Blessthisshipandallwhosailinher.

MayLordblessallofuswhoareinmisfortune!

Thepriestblessedtheshipbeforeitleftport.

Togivemeyourheart,andblessmewithyourlove!

Ihopeshewillalwaysbeblessedwithgoodhealth.

Maythiscountryalwaysbeblessedwithprosperity.

Mayyourlifebeblessedwithjoy,loveandmiracles.

Theyareblessedwithhappiness.

inchn.英寸，口寸，少許，一點(diǎn)兒，短距離

Aneight-week-oldembryoisonlyaninchlong.

Theyunearthedathree-inchcannonballfromthebattlesite.

Ifsaneighthofaninchthick.

Helitacigaretteandopenedthewindowaninch.

Sheshortenedtheshirtbyaninch.

Thecandlegrewdownuntilonlyaninchwasleft.

Therewasaninchofsnowontheground.

Theyclimbedthesteepmountaininchbyinch.

Thecarmissedmebyinches.

arminarm手挽著手，臂挽著臂

Ioftenseemygrandparentsstrollinghappilyarminarm.

Evejustseenthemgoingdowntheroadarminarm.

strollvi.&n.散步，溜達(dá),閑逛

Wetookaleisurelystrollthroughthegardens.

Aleisurelystrollcanbemorebeneficialthanamarathonrun.

Myfathersometimesgoesoutforastrollwithastickinhishand.

Shedecidedtotakeastrollinthegarden.

Ioftenstrollaroundthegardenaftersupper.

outlinevt.描……的外形，畫......的輪廓，概述，概括n.提綱，概要，梗概，要點(diǎn)，輪廓

anoutlineof...............的梗概

tobeoutlinedagainststh在某物映襯下現(xiàn)出輪廓

Anoutlineagreementhasbeenreached.

Followingisanoutlineofthesurveyfindings.

Hewrotedowntheoutlineofhislecture.

Shedrewtheoutlinewithasurehand.

Attheinterview,sheoutlinedwhatIwouldbedoing.

Weoutlinedourmainobjectionstotheproposal,

suspect覺得（用于陳述觀點(diǎn)，語氣不強(qiáng)烈或直接），懷疑，疑有，懷疑……有罪，

對……有疑問，不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人，可疑對象adi,可疑的，受到懷疑的，令人懷疑的

tosuspect（that）...覺得...，懷疑....

Isuspectit'sunavoidable.

Theabovecomplaintsare,Isuspect,justthetipoftheiceberg.

Ihadbecomeasuspectinamurderinquiry.

Thepolicesaytheysuspecttheattackwascarriedoutbyanimalrightsactivists.

Isuspecthewaslyingbytheboy'sabnormalbehavior.

Shehasmoreintelligencethanwesuspectedhertopossess.

ThepolicecouldiVtprovethesuspect'sguilt.

Hisfitnessissuspect,sowecan'triskincludinghimintheteam,

arrestn.&vt.逮捕，拘捕，拘押

toarrestsbfor...因..逮捕某人

underarrest被逮捕

Shehadbeenplacedinclosearrest.（她被嚴(yán)密拘禁。）

Youareallunderarrest.

Thesecurityforceshaveextensivepowersofsearchandarrest.

Theywerenotreadytorevealanydetailsofthearrest.

Theriotledtothearrestofthreeyoungmen.

Thestudents'arrestdisturbedtheirfriends.

takechargeof...管理...，接管...，負(fù)責(zé)...

Thebossaskedhimtotakechargeoftheofficeforafewdayswhileshewasaway.

Ourdepartmenthastakencharqeofthetask.（我們部門已經(jīng)接管T這個(gè)任務(wù)。）

silkyadj,絲制的，像絲一樣柔滑的，溫和的，油頭滑腦的

Sheworealong,silkydressfortheparty.

Herhairwasverylongandsilky.

wirevt.給...發(fā)電報(bào)，給....布線，給....裝電線（接通電源）n.金屬絲，金屬線，電

纜，電線，導(dǎo)線，鐵絲網(wǎng)

topullwires通過私人關(guān)系在幕后牽線，暗中施加影響

Thefabricwasdisplayedonawiredstand.（那種織物陳列在金屬制的架子上。）

Theropewasnotstrongenough,soweusedwire.

Thehotwireiscausedbyoverload.

YoncanwirethedetailstomybrotherinNewYork.

Thekidsaretaughthowtowireaplug.

Assoonastheequipmentiswiredup,youcanuseit.

Thetwopiecesofwoodwerewiredtogether.

rdliketowiresomemoneytomysoninSeattle.（我想給我在西雅圖的兒子電匯一些錢。）

criminaln.罪犯，犯人adj,犯罪的，犯法的，違法的，有罪的，可恥的

ahardenedcriminal慣犯

criminalcharges刑事指控

it'scriminal!這很可恥!

He'sgotacriminalrecord.

HewasconsideredawarcriminalwhomerelyfollowedAdolfHitler.

Thecriminalwassentencedtoprisonfortheft.

Ihavenocriminalrecordinmywholelife.

Murderandstealingarecriminalacts.

Theywerereinvestigatingacriminalcase.

anyhowadv.不管從什么角度，總之，不管怎樣，隨便地，不論用何種方法，隨隨便便

Anyhow,Springwillreturntous.

AnyhowImustfinishthisjobtoday.

Anyhow,don'tworryyourselfnowaboutit.

Hethrewthepapersdownanyhowonthetable.

somehowadv.用某種方法，以某種方式，莫名其妙地，不知怎么地

Wemustmakeupforthelosttimesomehow.

IwishIcanrepayyousomehowforyourkindness.

Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butsomehowhefellbehind.

We'llmanagesomehow.

Filgetyoutheresomehow.

Tohearhertalkingthiswaywassomehowshocking.

innocentadj.天真的，清白的，無罪的，無辜的，天真純潔的n.無辜者，天真無邪的人

toplaytheinnocent裝無知，裝無辜

Hewaschargedwithmurderbutfoundinnocentlater.

Hedeclaredthathewasinnocent.

Don'tbesoinnocentastobelieveeverythingthepoliticianstellyou.

ThepoliceknewfromdayonethatIwasinnocent.

Isheguiltyorinnocent?

legaladj.法定的，合法的，法律的

Thoughlegal,thetacticswerequestionable.

WhatIdidwasperfectlylegal.

Whenhisfatherdied,hisunclebecamehislegalcustodian.

Shestartedoutonherlegalcareerin1963.

Wewillintroducelegalsafeguardsagainstfraud.

Whenyouare18,youarealegalvoter.

custodiann.監(jiān)獄看守人，未成年人的監(jiān)護(hù)人，看管人，管理人，保管人

TheDepartmentwasappointedasthechild'slegalcustodian.

TheNationalTrustislookingforacustodianforJohnLennon'sformerhouse.

principlen.行為準(zhǔn)則，道德原則，法則，信條

onprinciple按照原則

Shewastornbetweenprincipleanddesire.

Abicycleandamotorcyclearebuiltonthesameprinciple.

Archimedes,agreatphysicistdiscoveredtheprincipleoffloatingbodies.

Weadheretotheprinciplethateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.

Itiseasiertofightforone'sprinciplethantoliveuptothem.

Herefusedtoattendthemeetingonprinciple.

burdenn.義務(wù)或責(zé)任等的重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)，重負(fù)，負(fù)重vt.加負(fù)荷于，使負(fù)擔(dān)，煩擾

Whatcomplicatestheissueistheburdenofhistory.(是歷史包袱使該問題復(fù)雜化。)

Idecidednottoburdenhimwithtoomuchknowledge.

Weneedtoreducetheburdenoftaxesthatimpoverishtheeconomy.

Thedevelopingcountriesbeartheburdenofanenormousexternaldebt.

Theburdenonhisbackseemedtobecrushinghimtotheearth.

Peopleonhighincomesfaceahugetaxburden.

Theburdenoforganizingthecampaignfelltome.

Idon'twanttolayaburdenonyou.

Idon'twanttoburdenyouwithmyproblem.

impoverishvt.使窮困，使赤貧，使貧瘠，使耗盡，使枯竭

Weneedtoreducetheburdenoftaxesthatimpoverishtheeconomy.

Thechurchprovidesfoodfortheimpoverishedfamiliesinthecity.

Heavyrainandexcessiveusehaveimpoverishedthesoil.

Ourliveswouldhavebeengreatlyimpoverished,ifwehadnotknownourdearfriend.

Thesechangesarelikelytoimpoverishsingle-parentfamiliesevenfurther.

Theiroverconfidenceleadsthemtoimpoverishnotjustthemselvesbutalsotheirfishinggrounds.

geophysicist(ageologistwhousesphysicalprinciplestostudythepropertiesoftheearth)n.地

球物理學(xué)者，地球物理學(xué)家

I'mageophysicist,andI'vetrainedmystudentstofindoil.

Youcandreamofbecomingacivilengineeringexpert,abiologistandevenageophysicist.

coren.果心，核心，最重要的部分adj.核心的，最重要的

tobeatthecoreofsth處于某事物的中心，成為某事物的核心

Thecoreactivitiesoflocalauthoritieswerereorganized.

Theyincludedhard-corecriminals,murderersandsexualdeviants.（他們中有頑固不化的罪犯、

殺人犯和性變態(tài)者。）

Integrityhasalwaysbeenoneofthecorevaluesoftheuniversity.

Thecoreofourappealisfreedomofspeech.

HeisAmericantothecore.（他是個(gè)地地道道的美國人。）

Heatetheplum,andthrewthecoreaway.

Lefsgettothecoreoftheargument.

Thisconceptisattheverycoreofhertheory.

deviantn.異常的人，變態(tài)者，越軌者，偏差值adj.不正常的，離經(jīng)叛道的

sexualdeviants性變態(tài)者

Toknowwhatisdeviantyouhave,ofcourse,toknowwhatisnormal.（要想知道偏差值有多大,

當(dāng)然就要知道什么是正常值。）

Deviantbehaviorisoneofthefeaturesofcertaintypesofmentalillness.

socialistn.社會(huì)主義者adj.社會(huì)主義的

HebecamethereconstructoroftheFrenchSocialistParty.

Socialistsystemshaveoftenbeensuccessfulinreducinginequality.

Thestateprotectssocialistpublicproperty.

Heisasocialist.

resignvt.&vi.放棄，辭去，辭職，放棄權(quán)利、要求等

resignoneselfto...順從...，聽任....

Riskily,he'sdecidedtoresign.

Aftermuchlegaldisputationourrighttoresignwasestablished.

Haveyouheardofherintentiontoresign?

Hedecidedtoresignhisclaimtothecopyright.

Hehasresignedhimselftothefactthathewilllosethejob.（他已經(jīng)接受他將要失去這份工作的

現(xiàn)實(shí)。）

Theteamrefusedtoresignthemselvestobeingdefeated.

wardn.病房，病室，區(qū)，監(jiān)視，監(jiān)護(hù)

Thehospitalhasamedicalwardandasurgicalward.

Thepatientlayquietlyonhisbedinthemedicalward.

Therearetwonursesintheward.

Whichwarddoesherepresentonthecouncil?

Afterhisparentsdied,theboywasmadehisuncle'sward.

substantialadj.結(jié)實(shí)的，牢固的，價(jià)值巨大的，大量的

Heregularlydonatessubstantialsumsofmoneytolocalcharities.

ThesefinanciershavesubstantialinvestmentinGuyana.

Neweconomicdevelopmentpoliciesledtosubstantialandrapidgrowth.

Thoseworkershavebuiltmanysubstantialbuildingsintherecentyears.

superbadj.杰出的，極好的，高貴的，壯麗的，精美的，質(zhì)量極高的

Kottogivesasuperbperformance.

MywifeandIdiscoveredsomesuperbplacestoeat.

Thehousehasasuperbstaircasemadefromoakandmarble.

photographern.照相者，攝影師

TheproblemisthatIamphotographer,notaneditor.

Susanreallyhaswhatittakestobeafashionphotographer.

guiltyadj.有過錯(cuò)的，有過失的，有罪的，感到內(nèi)疚的，感到慚愧的

beguiltyof..犯有...罪，對....感到內(nèi)疚

ThegeneralassumptionwasthatIwasguilty.

Thecourtfoundhimguilty.

Themanwasprovedguiltyofmurder.

Hisanswerevidencedaguiltyconscience.

Hehadnosenseofshameandneverfeltguilty.

Thefinderofawalletwhotakesithomemaybeguiltyoftheft.

Ifasingledropofbloodfalls,youwillbeguiltyofmurder!

Intheprocessofgainingourrightfulplacewemustnotbeguiltyofwrongfuldeeds.

exceln.微軟電子表格(Excel)vi.&vt.精通，擅長,勝過

excelin/at...在...勝過，在....擅長

excelon...在...做得最好

IfExcelisn'tquiteyourcupoftea,don'tworry,youcancreateatableinMicrosoftWordorina

similarwordprocessor.

Academicallyhebegantoexcel.

HowcanIreadanExcelfileonacomputerthatonlyhasWordinstalled?

Nevermindtryingtoexcelothers.

Withoutconflictsandcontradictions,thereisnowaytoexcelinothers.

Pressuretoexceloftencreatesstress,andmanystudentsarenotlearninghowtoeffectivelyhandle

thisstress.

Onlyinthiswaywillyouexcel.

Thisiswheresmartphonesexcel.

Findwaystoexcelandimproveyourself.

ashamedadj.慚愧的，羞愧的，難為情的，臊皮羞臉的，害臊的，尷尬的

beashamedof...為...而感到羞愧

beashamedforsb替某人感到羞愧

beashamedofoneselffor...因?yàn)?..自感羞愧

Hebowedhishead,ashamed.

Iwasthoroughlyashamedofmyself.

Anyonewhobelievesthisshouldbeashamedofthemselves.

Heisashamedforhisformerdishonorableaction.

Hewasashamedthathehadlied.

Hejumpedup,lookingalittleashamedofhimself.

forgivevt.&vi.原諒，寬恕，饒恕，免除債務(wù)

toforgiveandforget不念舊惡；既往不咎

sbcouldbeforgivenforsth某人做某事情有可原

Shefoundthecharityinherhearttoforgivethemforthewrongtheyhaddone.

TheAmericanCongresshasagreedtoforgiveEgypt'smilitarydebt.

Forgiveme.

Heisnotamanwhoforgiveseasily.

Iforgavehimhiscrimes.

cheatn.作弊者，舞弊者vt.詐騙，欺騙，蒙騙vi.欺詐，作假，在考試等中作弊

tocheatsboutofsth騙取某人某物

tofeelcheated覺得受騙或上當(dāng)了

Hewasaliarandacheat.(他過去坑蒙拐騙。)

Studentsmaybetemptedtocheatinordertogetintotopschools.

Wewereonourhonornottocheatthecustomers.

Theycheattheoldwomanofherhouseandmoney.

Iwouldratherfailthancheatintheexamination.

Heisashamelesscheat.

wrapn.披肩，包裹物，包裝紙，圍巾，包裝材料vt.包，裹，用……纏繞

towrap...in...將...包在....中，將....裹在....中

tobewrappedupin...全神貫注于...

underwmps不公開的，保密的

Iremovedtheplasticwrapfromthesandwich.

Wrappresentswithsmallamountsofstickytape.

Canyouwrapitformeplease?

parceln.包裹，小包，一塊地vt,打包，把……包起來，裹好

Heuntiedtheparcel.

Onceyou'veexploredabit,perhapsyou'llfindaperfectparceloflandtobuildyourhouseor

business.

Ontheotherhand,theopportunitycostofusinglandinaparticularprojectcannotexceedthecost

ofbuyinganequivalentparceltoreplaceit.

Heparceledupthebooks.

Theparcelcamethismorning.

rilneedtogetthatparcelweighedatthepostoffice.

Hehadalargebrownpaperparcelunderhisarm.

bown.蝴蝶結(jié)，蝶形領(lǐng)結(jié)，弓，船首，船頭vi.低頭，鞠躬，屈膝，彎曲

totieabow打蝴蝶結(jié)

abowandarrows一副弓箭

tobowtosb向某人鞠躬

tobeboweddownby...被...壓垮，因....遭受痛苦

Atthattime,peoplehuntwithbowsandarrows.

Hemovedasideforherwithapolitebow.

Shehasadressdecoratedwithabow.

Mylittlesistercantieshoelacesinabow.

Theyachthitarockanddamagedherbow.

Thecastbowedastheaudienceapplauded.

EveryonebowedastheQueenwalkedintotheroom.

Thosebrancheswereboweddownbythesnowonthem.

nephewn.侄子，外甥

Hisnephewisanenthusiasticboy.

Fmgoingtobuyapresentformynephew.

disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的，失意的

Naturally,wewereverydisappointed.

I'msorrytohavemadeyoudisappointed.

Theywerebitterlydisappointedattheresultofthegame.

Iwasdisappointedbythequalityofthewine.

Shewasdisappointednottobechosen.

Hewasdisappointedsooftenthathebecamehopeless.

wrinklen.皺紋，褶皺，皺痕vt.&vi.使起皺紋，使起皺，使出褶皺，皺起

Theskinaroundhereyeswasbeginningtowrinkle.

Youshouldprotectagainstthesun'sraysthatageandwrinkleyourskin.

Theapplesarebeginningtowrinkle.

She'sbeginningtogetwrinklesroundhereyes.

pausen.中止，暫停，停頓，停頓的時(shí)間，猶豫不決vi.暫停，停頓，猶豫不決

withoutapause不停地，一口氣

togivepausetosb使某人躊躇，令某人猶豫

Therewasapausewhilethebarmaidsetdowntwoplates.

Hehadtopausetoclearhisthroat.

Shecontinuedafterapause.

Hepausedbeforemakingtheimportantdecision.（他在作出這個(gè)重要決定前猶豫不決。）

Weatherconditionisbadenoughtogivepausetoeventhemostexperiencedclimber.（天氣一卜分

惡劣，即使最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的登山者也猶豫不決。）

Aspeakershouldpausewhencomingtotheendofasentence.

sewvt.縫，縫制，縫補(bǔ)，縫上vi.縫，縫紉，做針線活

Theyteachthechildrentocook,sew,andknit.

Idon'thavethefacetotakeyetanotherpairtothedrycleanersandaskthemtosewthemup.

riljustsewupthattear,andthecoatwillbeasgoodasnew.

Shepreferredtosewratherthantoknit.

Thequickestwaytosewiswithasewingmachine.

pretendvi.&vt.假裝，裝作，佯裝，裝扮，假裝，假扮，自以為，自詡

Shepretendsthatshelikesthemsothatshecangettheirhelp.

TheyoungactorpretendedtobeHamlet.（那個(gè)年輕演員扮演哈姆雷特。）

Sheclosedhereyesandpretendedtobeasleep.

Ihadnooptionbuttopretendignorance.

rilpretendIdidn'thearthat.

Youcan'tpretendyourproblemsdon'texist!

privilegen.榮幸，特殊利益vt.給予特權(quán)，給予恩惠，特別優(yōu)待，有特權(quán)

theprivilegeoffreedomfromarrest免于逮捕的豁免權(quán)

Idon'thaveclientprivilegelikedoctorsorlawyers.

Pironiwasthesonofprivilegeandwealth.

Shewascocoonedinaprivateworldofprivilege.（她生活在一個(gè)與世隔絕的特權(quán)世界里。）

Thecollegewasaneliteinstitutionbasedonprivilegeandtheoldschooltie.（大學(xué)是以特權(quán)和

校友關(guān)系網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的精英機(jī)構(gòu)。）

Ihadtheprivilegeofmeetingthequeen.

Itwasaprivilegetoworkwithhim.

Thispasswillprivilegeyoutoattendtheclosedhearing.

eliten.精英，佼佼者

Iamallinfavoroffundingoureliteathletes.

Thecollegewasaneliteinstitutionbasedonprivilegeandtheoldschooltie.

Publicopinionisinfluencedbythesmallelitewhocontrolthemedia.

embracevt.&vi.擁抱，接納，欣然接受，包含

toembraceeachother相互擁抱

Shesankbackintotheembraceofthesofa.

ThemarriagesignalledJames'sembraceof由eCatholicfaith.（這樁婚事標(biāo)志著詹姆斯皈依了天

主教。）

They'llbereadytoembracethenewtechnologywhenitarrives.（他們隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備迎接新技術(shù)的

問世。）

Sheheldoutherarmstoembracethelittlegirl.

Manysubjectsareembracedinanencyclopedia.

Vinesembracedthehut.（蔓藤環(huán)繞著小屋。）

SheeagerlyembracedtheofferofatriptoEurope.

embrace,clasp,hug都表示“擁抱”。其區(qū)別是：

hug比較通俗，可表示任何形式的擁抱，可表示因?yàn)閻矍槎皳肀А保部杀硎疽蛴亚槎皳?/p>

抱

embrace則多指因愛情而“擁抱”。

clasp則強(qiáng)調(diào)擁抱某一特定的部位，如腰、頸等。

contain,include,embrace,involve,hold,comprise均含有"包括,包含“之意。

contain普通用詞，所涉及的物體常常是其組成部分或內(nèi)容。強(qiáng)調(diào)包容關(guān)系。既可指具體有

形的東西，也可指抽象無形的東西。

include普通用詞，指一整體包含著各獨(dú)立的部分，也指某東西包含另一東西的某一部分。

embrace正式用詞，指把某事物納入整個(gè)之中。

involve指包含因整體的性質(zhì)決定的成分或結(jié)果。所包括的往往是無形的，不可觸知的東西，

多用作引申。

hold常和contain換用。指能夠容納或有足夠的容納量。強(qiáng)調(diào)包容能力。

comprise書面用詞，暗指一個(gè)整體包括不同部分所組成，可與include交換使用。

phasen.階段，時(shí)期vt.分階段進(jìn)行，逐步實(shí)施

Thecampaignentereditsfinal,decisivephase.

Mostkidswillgothroughaphaseofbeingfaddyaboutwhattheyeat.

ThefirstphaseofeconomicreformwaspopularinVietnam.

ThesculptureoffersaclueastohowPicasso'slastphasemustbeinterpreted.

Ifanuclearwarreallybreaksout,theworldwillenteraverydangerousphase.

Theoldcurrencywillhavebeenphasedoutby1990.

Themodernizationoftheindustrywasphasedovera20-yearperiod.

anchorn.錨，支柱，靠山，給人安全感的人或物vi.&vt.拋錨,使固定，使穩(wěn)固，主持

toanchor...to...將...固定在....上

beanchoredin...以...為基礎(chǔ)，扎根于....

NATObecametheanchorofWesternsecurity.

Theshipdraggeditsanchorduringthenight.

Hopeishisonlyanchor.

Theshipwasanchoredofftheshore.

Weanchoredourboatclosetotheshore.

Canyouanchortheboatinthisstorm?

Heanchorsahalf-hournewsshoweveryday.

Artmustbeanchoredinlife.

Hedidmeanthat,asfarashewasconcerned,hiswritingshadtobeanchoredinEurope.

Todaythenetworkhas12000membersandoperatesin53citiesin12countries,butitcontinuesto

beanchoredintheValley.（今天這家公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)擁有12000名會(huì)員并且在12個(gè)國家53

個(gè)城市運(yùn)作，但是它的總部依然在硅谷。）

mercyn.仁慈，憐憫，寬恕，僥幸

atthemercyof...完全由...支配，任由....擺布

tothrowyourselfonsb'smercy聽任某人發(fā)落

mercykilling安樂死，安樂死術(shù)

withoutmercy殘忍地，毫不容情地，毫不留情的，無憐憫之心

havemercyonsomeone可憐某人

inone'smercy出于慈悲，出于惻隱之心

MayGodhavemercyonyoursoul.（愿上帝寬恕你的靈魂。）

Mercytotheenemiesmeanscrueltytothepeople.

Theyshowedtheirenemiesnomercy.

Theyneverappealedtousformercy.

Thecommandershowedmercytotheprisonersofwar.

It'samercyshewasn'tseriouslyhurt.

Wewereatthemercyoftheweather.

Theysetoffuptheroadontheirmissionofmercy,Badgerleadingtheway.

mercy,compassion,pity,sympathy都有“同情,喊“可憐”的意思。其區(qū)別在于：

pity通常只表示內(nèi)心感到難過或同情,少給予幫助。

sympathy指“同情心”或“惻隱之心、強(qiáng)調(diào)共同分擔(dān)，進(jìn)而對某種經(jīng)歷或遭遇引起共鳴。

compassion指“同情心”，強(qiáng)調(diào)由于理解而同情，并主動(dòng)給予幫助，常常指通過自身痛苦或不

幸而同情別人。

mercy指“仁慈”或“憐憫”，含有主動(dòng)救助別人脫離苦難之義。

Itisapitythatsuchanabilityashimshouldbeemployedaboutsuchtriflematters.真可惜，像他

這樣有才能的人竟然被用來做這類瑣事。

Herownexperienceshadtaughthertohavecompassionformisunderstoodchildren.她自身的遭

遇使她認(rèn)識(shí)到應(yīng)對那些受到誤解的孩子予以同情。

Thecriminalpleadedwiththejuryformercy.犯人懇求陪審團(tuán)寬恕他。

Hewasmovedwithsympathy.他動(dòng)/惻隱之心。

likewiseadv.同樣地,也，而且

todolikewise照樣做，一樣做，也做

InFrancetherewasaspecialwayofdoingit,likewiseinItaly.

Othersideaedlikewiseandfootedthesameroute.

Ifwedisarm,thentheymustdolikewise.

TheywentonfootandIdidlikewise.

also,too,aswell,either,likewise均含"也”之意。

also比to。正式一些，語氣較重，只用于肯定句，一般緊靠動(dòng)詞。

t。。語氣較輕，多用于口語，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。

aswell一般不用否定句，通常放在句末。

either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗號(hào)。

likewise是書面語用詞。

deadlinen.最后期限，截止日期，截稿時(shí)間

tomeetthedeadline趕上最后期限

Whenisthedeadlineforturninginthecompletedforms?

Thedeadlineisimmovable.

Ihopewecanfinishthisbeforethedeadline.

guidancen.指引，引導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)物，引導(dǎo)物，制導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)航

Wewouldmuchappreciateguidancefromanexpertinthisfield.

Studentsmaydecidetoseektutorialguidance.

Underhisguidance,wefinishedtheworksmoothly.

Weshouldnotdoanythingundertheguidanceofinstincts.

Theairplanehasanelectronicguidancesystem.

instinctn.本能，天性，直覺，天分，天資

survivalinstinct生存本能

Myfirstinstinctwastoresign.

Shehasanunerringinstinctforpeople'sweakspots.

Healwaysknewwhattimeitwas,asifbyinstinct.

Youwouldexpectbabiestoknowhowtobreast-feedbyinstinct.

Mynaturalinstinctwastodefendmyself.

faultn.錯(cuò)誤，失誤，責(zé)任，過錯(cuò)，過失，缺點(diǎn)，弱點(diǎn)，故障

findfaultwith...挑剔...

toafault過分地

Ifitwasn'tSam'sfault,whywasIblaminghim?

It'smyfault.

Ilikehimdespitehisfaults.

Thereisafaultintheelectricalsystem.

Itwasnotourfaultthatwewerelate.

Sheiscautioustoafault.（她過分謹(jǐn)慎了。）

Hefoundfaultwithmycomposition.

virtuen.美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，正直的品性，善行，女子的貞潔

VirtueisnotconfinedtotheChristianworld.

Honestyisconsideredavirtue.

Hesaidhisplanhadthevirtueofbeingtheeasiesttoimplement.

merit,virtue,perfection均可表示“優(yōu)點(diǎn)、長處”之意。

merit指有值得贊揚(yáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但不一定是出類拔萃。

virtue指人或物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)長處，或指人的美德。

perfection指達(dá)到了理想或完美的程度。

integrityn.正直，誠實(shí)，完整，完全，統(tǒng)一，完好

IntegrityhasalwaysbeenoneofthecorevaluesoftheInstitute.

We'vealwaysregardedhimasamanofintegrityandhighprofessionalcompetence.

Hehadcompletejournalisticintegrity.

Wemustrespecteachother'sterritorialintegrity.

Weallhaveaninterestinmaintainingtheintegrityoftheecosystem.

Oneofthemostimportantfeaturesofthesteelcablesistheirstructuralintegrity.

Thekidwas