外研版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit5 Part1 Starting out Understanding ideas練習(xí)含答案

Unit5RevealingnaturePart1Startingout&Understandingideas基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.LiLeithinksitisa(恥辱)forhimtolietohisparents.

2.Thegirlenteredthelibrary,tookoutseveral(樣本)andplacedthemonthedesk.

3.Ithasbeenprovedthatour(祖先)havelivedinthisareaformanygenerations.

4.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)Weretryingto(創(chuàng)造)alanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.

Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.Youcanalsovisitthecitymuseum,whichiswithinwalking(distant)ofthehotelwhereyoustay.

2.Havingdeniedalltheaccusationswith(convince)evidence,theDutchtechnicianwasdeclaredinnocentandsetfree.

3.(2024四川內(nèi)江月考)Iamgratefultohavereadthisremarkablework,andIamexcitedtocontinueexploringtheworldofbiologyand(evolve).

4.Thechildrenwatched,(fascinate),asthepicturebegantoappear.

5.Suspectingthetravelercarryingdrugs,thecustomsofficerwentthroughhissuitcase.

6.Thematterquestionisofgreatimportancetotheinnovationanddevelopmentofourcompany.

7.Healthcare(regard)asanimportantwaytoimprovethehealthofpeople.

8.Itissaidthattheyoungman(answer)thecallisfromarichfamily.

Ⅲ.選詞填空whatsmore;adaptto;leadto;becrowdedwith;cometoexistWhenyouare1.anewenvironment,itscommontofeelthatyourlife2.manydifficultproblems.Dontworry—thingsneedtobesolvedonebyone.Justconsiderhowtheseproblems3..Youmayfindthatwhat4.theseproblemsmightbethesamething.5.,youneedtojudgewhichproblemsarethemosturgentandthendealwiththem.

Ⅳ.完成句子1.當(dāng)我上小學(xué)的時(shí)候,我有機(jī)會(huì)參加在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂比賽。WhenIwasinmyprimaryschool,Ihadanopportunityamusicalcontest.

2.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)是你讓我愛上了寫作,我的社會(huì)科學(xué)老師。makemefallinlovewithwriting,mysocialstudiesteacher.

3.當(dāng)我領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)時(shí),我的臉上洋溢著喜悅,我的微笑充滿了自豪。(as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)Myfacelitupwithjoy,mysmilefilledwithpride.(讀后續(xù)寫—神態(tài)描寫)

4.Hedidntrealizethevalueofahealthybodyuntilhegotsickseriously.(句式升級(jí):對(duì)not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào))→

能力提升練Ⅰ.課文語法填空Asayoungman,CharlesDarwinwasregardedtobe1disgracetohisfamily.However,hisadventuresontheship,theBeagle,wouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientific2(discovery)ofalltime.

Thejourneyontheshipofferedhimagoodopportunity3(study)thelivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironment.Hewassofascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals4hegothisroomontheshipcrowdedwithsamples.Atthattime,itwasbelievedthatallspecies5(appear)onEarthatthesametimeandhadntchangedsince.Throughhiscarefulobservation,hebegantothink6(different).HenoticedthatthebeaksofthefincheshadsomedifferencesoneachoftheGalpagosIslandsaccordingtowhattheyate.Sohethoughttheymusthaveevolvedfromacommonancestor,andthattheyhadevolvedtoadapt7theenvironment.

Darwinbasedhisnewideasonhisobservationandgeneratedhistheoryof8(evolve).Thebook,OntheOriginofSpecies,explainedhistheory,9(cause)aheatedstormofdebate.Today,itisstillregardedasoneofthemostimportantworksever10(write).

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

Ⅱ.語法填空Scientistswhostudytheevolutionoflanguagesaywildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)haveamorecomplexcommunicationsystemthanpastresearchhasshown.Theresearcherssaytheanimalusesmorethantenkindsofcalls,1canbecombinedintohundredsofdifferentorders.

Thestudyteammade4,800recordingsofthecalls2(generate)bythreegroupsofchimpanzees.TheyliveintheTaiNationalPark,theIvoryCoast.Itsoneofthelastimportant3(area)ofold-growthtropicalforestinWestAfricaandhome4manykindsofplantsandanimals.Chimpanzeesareintelligentand5(high)socialcreatures.Theycanmakeandusetoolsandcan6(teach)asmallamountofhumansignlanguage.

Scientists7(know)thatchimpanzeesusedifferentcallsinthewildsincealongtimeago.Butthenewstudyoffereda8(deep)understandingoftheircommunicationthanbefore.Cedricwastheleading9(write)ofthestudyandsaidthatthechimpanzeecallsareamong10mostcomplexformsofcommunicationdescribedinnon-humananimals.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

Ⅲ.閱讀理解A(2024廣東深圳高級(jí)中學(xué)期中)Manygardenersbelievethat“talking”totheirplantshelpsthemgrow—itturnsoutthattheymaynotbecrazyatall.AccordingtothescientistsfromtheUniversityofExeter,plantsmaykeepcommunicatingwitheachotherthroughasecret“unseen”language.Fortheirexperiment,thescientistspickedacabbageplantthatisknowntosendoutagaswhenitssurfaceiscut.Inordertogetvideoevidenceofthecommunication,theychangedthecabbagegenebyaddingtheluciferase(熒光素酶),whichiswhatmakesfireflies(螢火蟲)glowinthedark.Whenthechangedcabbageplantwasinfullbloom,theycutaleafoffwithapairofscissors,andalmostimmediately,thankstotheluciferase,theycouldseetheplantsendingout“methyljasmonate(茉莉酸甲酯)”.Whilethiswasaknownfact,whatwassurprisingwasthefactthattheminutethisgasbegantobereleased,thenearbycabbageplantsseemedtodetectsomekindofdangerandstartedtosendoutagasthattheynormallyhavetokeepenemieslikecaterpillars(毛蟲)away.Whatthescientistsarenotsureiswhethertheplantsaretryingtowarntheotherleavesorthenearplantsofthedanger—somethingthatwillrequirefurtherresearch.However,theteam,whichisledbyProfessorNickSmirnoff,isquiteexcitedaboutthefindingsbecausethisisthefirsttimeithasbeenprovedthatplantsdonotliveapassivelife,butactuallymove,senseandevencommunicatewitheachother.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph1mean?A.Gardeners.B.Plants.C.Scientists.D.Fireflies.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisntTRUEofthepassagewhentheplantsentout“methyljasmonate”?A.Thenearbycabbageplantsseemedtosensesomekindofdanger.B.Thenearbycabbageplantsstartedtosendoutagas.C.Thenearbycabbageplantstriedtowarnthenearplants.D.Thenearbycabbageplantscommunicatedthroughasecretlanguage.3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperiment?A.Plantsdontliveapassivelife.B.Plantscanfeelpainwhentheyarecut.C.Plantscanwarntheotherleavesofdanger.D.Plantscantalkwitheachother.4.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthetextprobablytaken?A.Ahealthmagazine.B.Abiologymagazine.C.Amedicalresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.B(2024陜西西安藍(lán)田期中)BiologistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreinEnglanddiscoveredthatplantshaveabiologicalprocesswhichdividestheiramountofstoredenergybythelengthofthenight.Thissolvestheproblemofhowtoportionout(分配)energyreservesduringthenightsothattheplantcankeepgrowingyetnotriskburningoffallitsstoredenergy.Whilethesunshines,plantsperformphotosynthesis(光合作用).Inthisprocess,theplantschangesunlight,waterandcarbondioxideintostoredenergyintheformoflongchainsofsugar,calledstarch(淀粉).Atnight,theplantsburnthisstoredstarchtofuelcontinuedgrowth.“Thecalculationsareprecisesothatplantspreventstarvationbutalsomakethemostefficientuseoftheirfood,”saidstudyco-authorAlisonSmith.“Ifthestarchstoreisusedtoofast,plantswillstarveandstopgrowingduringthenight.Ifthestoreisusedtooslowly,someofitwillbewasted.”ThescientistsstudiedtheplantArabidopsis,whichisregardedasamodelplantforexperiments.Togivetheplantssomemathtests,thebiologistsletnightarriveunexpectedlyearlyorlateforthem.Duringoneoftheexams,theyshutoffthelightsontheplantsearlythathadbeengrownwithtwelve-hourdaysandnights.Puttingthemintodarknessafteronlyaneight-hourdaymeanttheydidnthavetimetostoreasmuchstarchasusual.Andthisforcedtheplantstoadjusttheirnormalnightlyrhythm.Amazingly,evenafterthisdaylengthtrick,theplantsdidverywellintheirexamsandendedupwithjustfivepercentofstarchleftoverattheendofthenight.Theyhadneitherstarved,norstoredstarchthatcouldhavebeenusedtofuelmoregrowth.Theauthorssuggestedthatsimilarbiologicalcalculatorsmayexplainhowamigratorybird,thelittlestint,canmakeafive-thousand-kilometerjourneytotheirsummerhabitatintheArcticandarrivewithenoughfatreservestosurviveonlyapproximatelyhalfadaymore,onaverage.TheresultsofthestudywerepublishedineLife.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Plantsuselittleenergyduringtheday.B.Plantsusuallystopgrowingatnight.C.Plantswastealotofenergyatnight.D.Plantsstorestarchduringtheday.6.WhatdidthescientistsdowhenstudyingArabidopsis?A.Theychangedtheplantslightconditions.B.Theyprovidedtheplantwithmorestarch.C.Theytriedtokeeptheplantsnaturalrhythm.D.Theyattachedabiologicalcalculatortotheplant.7.Howabouttheexperimentalplantswhenthemorningarrived?A.Theynearlydiedoflackoffood.B.Theyusedmostoftheirstoredenergy.C.Theybegantoregulatetheirfoodstore.D.Theystoredenoughstarchforthenextday.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelittlestint?A.Theymayhaveasystemtocontrolenergyconsumption.B.Theyoftendieduringtheirlonganddifficultjourney.C.TheyleavetheArcticinsummereveryyear.D.Theyareunabletocalculatethedistances.答案與分層梯度式解析Unit5RevealingnaturePart1Startingout&Understandingideas基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.1.disgrace2.samples3.ancestors4.generateⅡ.1.distance考查名詞。句意:你也可以參觀城市博物館,從你住的酒店走著就能到。withinwalkingdistance步行就能到。2.convincing考查形容詞。句意:在以令人信服的證據(jù)否認(rèn)了所有指控后,這位荷蘭技術(shù)人員被宣布無罪并被釋放。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語修飾evidence,表示“使人信服的”,故填convincing。注意:convinced表示“確信的,信服的”,常指人的狀態(tài)。3.evolution考查名詞。句意:我很感激能讀到這部了不起的作品,我很激動(dòng)能繼續(xù)探索生物學(xué)和進(jìn)化的世界。設(shè)空處與and前的biology并列作of的賓語,應(yīng)用名詞形式。4.fascinated考查形容詞。句意:當(dāng)畫面開始出現(xiàn)時(shí),孩子們看得入迷了。此處作狀語,表示主句主語的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞,故填fascinated。5.of考查介詞。句意:海關(guān)官員懷疑那個(gè)旅客攜帶毒品,仔細(xì)檢查了他的手提箱。suspectsb.ofdoingsth.意為“懷疑某人做某事”。6.in考查介詞。句意:這個(gè)正在討論中的問題對(duì)我們公司的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展非常重要。inquestion意為“在討論中的”。7.isregarded考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:醫(yī)療保健被認(rèn)為是改善人們健康的重要途徑。此處表示客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且Healthcare與regard之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填isregarded。beregardedas意為“被認(rèn)為是”。8.answering考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:據(jù)說那個(gè)響應(yīng)號(hào)召的年輕人來自一個(gè)富有的家庭。分析句子可知,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句已含有謂語,故此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。theyoungman與answer之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。Ⅲ.1.adaptingto2.iscrowdedetoexist4.ledto5.WhatsmoreⅣ.1.totakepartin;heldinourschool2.Itsyouthat/who3.asIacceptedtheaward4.Itwasnotuntilhegotsickseriouslythatherealizedthevalueofahealthybody.能力提升練Ⅰ.1.a考查冠詞。句意:年輕時(shí),查爾斯·達(dá)爾文被認(rèn)為是家人的恥辱。beadisgrace意為“是恥辱,是丟臉的事”,故本空應(yīng)用冠詞a。2.discoveries考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:然而,他在“貝格爾號(hào)”船上的探險(xiǎn)之旅將帶來有史以來最重要的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。根據(jù)空前oneof可知,本空應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.tostudy考查不定式。句意:在這艘船上的航行給他提供了一個(gè)研究生活在自己的自然環(huán)境中的生物的好機(jī)會(huì)。分析句子可知,本句已有謂語offered,故此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示“做某事的好機(jī)會(huì)”,設(shè)空處作后置定語修飾抽象名詞opportunity,故應(yīng)用不定式形式。類比啟發(fā)opportunity、chance、decision、wish、promise、plan、attempt、effort、right(權(quán)利)、ability等表示機(jī)會(huì)、愿望、企圖、打算、能力等意義的詞后常用不定式作后置定語。4.that考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:他對(duì)巖石、植物和動(dòng)物如此著迷,以至于他在船上的房間里堆滿了樣本。本句含有so...that...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“如此……以至于……”。5.hadappeared考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)時(shí),人們認(rèn)為所有的物種都是同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在地球上的,后來再無變化。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語,appear表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wasbelieved之前,表示“過去的過去”,故本空應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。6.differently考查副詞。句意:通過仔細(xì)觀察,他開始有了不同的想法。本空修飾動(dòng)詞think,故應(yīng)用副詞形式。7.to考查介詞。句意:所以他認(rèn)為它們一定是從一個(gè)共同的祖先進(jìn)化而來的,它們進(jìn)化是為了適應(yīng)環(huán)境。adaptto意為“適應(yīng)”,故本空應(yīng)用介詞to。8.evolution考查名詞。句意:達(dá)爾文的新思想以他的觀察為基礎(chǔ),并創(chuàng)造出了進(jìn)化論。根據(jù)空前介詞of可知,本空應(yīng)用名詞形式。9.causing考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:《物種起源》這本書解釋了他的理論,引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論。分析句子可知,本句已有謂語explained,故此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。本空在句中作結(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。10.written考查過去分詞。句意:如今,它仍被認(rèn)為是曾被寫出來的最重要的著作之一。本空在句中作定語,修飾名詞works,動(dòng)詞write和works之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故本空應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。研究語言進(jìn)化的科學(xué)家表示,野生黑猩猩的交流系統(tǒng)比過去的研究顯示的要更復(fù)雜。研究人員表示,這種動(dòng)物會(huì)發(fā)出十多種叫聲,可以組合成數(shù)百種不同的指令。1.which考查非限制性定語從句。句意:研究人員表示,這種動(dòng)物會(huì)使用十多種叫聲,這些叫聲可以被組合成數(shù)百種不同的指令。設(shè)空處無提示詞,空前有逗號(hào),逗號(hào)前面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,而空后句子缺少主語,故推測(cè)設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。先行詞為calls,指物,設(shè)空處在從句中作主語,故填which。2.generated考查過去分詞。句意:研究小組對(duì)三組黑猩猩產(chǎn)生的叫聲進(jìn)行了4,800次錄音。分析句子可知,本句已有謂語made,故此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。generate和它所修飾的詞calls之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞作后置定語,故填generated。3.areas考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意:它是西非僅剩的重要的未被砍伐的熱帶森林地區(qū)之一,也是多種植物和動(dòng)物的家園?？涨坝衞neof,所以此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示“……之一”。故填areas。4.to考查介詞。句意見上題。behometo...為固定短語,意為“……的家園”。5.highly考查副詞。句意:黑猩猩很聰明,是高度群居的動(dòng)物。設(shè)空處修飾形容詞social,應(yīng)用副詞作狀語,故填highly。6.betaught考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:它們會(huì)制作和使用工具,并且可以被教授少量的人類手勢(shì)語。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處與can共同構(gòu)成與canmakeanduse并列的謂語,且teach和主語They(指代Chimpanzees)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填betaught。7.haveknown考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:自很久以前,科學(xué)家們就知道黑猩猩在野外使用不同的叫聲。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語sincealongtimeago可知,主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),主句主語是復(fù)數(shù),故填haveknown。8.deeper考查比較級(jí)。句意:但這項(xiàng)新的研究對(duì)它們的交流提供了比以前更深入的理解。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語,再根據(jù)下文的than可知,應(yīng)用比較級(jí),故填deeper。9.writer考查名詞。句意:Cedric是這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者,他說黑猩猩的叫聲是非人類動(dòng)物中描述的最復(fù)雜的交流形式之一。根據(jù)空前的theleading和空后的of可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞形式。theleadingwriter意為“主筆人”。10.the考查冠詞。句意見上題。形容詞最高級(jí)前面加定冠詞,故填the?！靖哳l詞匯】1.complexadj.復(fù)雜的2.combinev.結(jié)合;組合3.intelligentadj.聰明的Ⅲ.A◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家們通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),植物之間可能在通過一種看不見的語言進(jìn)行交流。1.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)指代關(guān)系和畫線詞所在句“Manygardenersbelievethat‘talking’totheirplantshelpsthemgrow—itturnsoutthattheymaynotbecrazyatall.(許多園藝愛好者認(rèn)為,與植物‘交談’有助于植物生長——事實(shí)證明,他們可能根本沒有瘋。)”可推知,they指代上文中的“gardeners”。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Whatthescientistsarenotsureiswhethertheplantsaretryingtowarntheotherleavesorthenearplantsofthedanger—somethingthatwillrequirefurtherresearch.”可知科學(xué)家們不確定的是,這些植物是否在試圖警告其他葉子或附近的植物有危險(xiǎn)——這需要進(jìn)一步的研究。因此“鄰近的卷心菜植物試圖警告附近的植物?！笔遣粶?zhǔn)確的表述。故選C。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“thisisthefirsttimeithasbeenprovedthatplantsdonotliveapassivelife,butactuallymove,senseandevencommunicatewitheachother”可知,這是第一次證明植物不是被動(dòng)地生活,而是真正地移動(dòng)、感知甚至相互交流。故選A。4.B推理判斷題。通讀全文,結(jié)合第一段中“AccordingtothescientistsfromtheUniversityofExeter,plantsmaykeepcommunicatingwitheachotherthroughasecret‘unseen’language.”和最后一段中“thisisthefirsttimeithasbeenprovedthatplantsdonotliveapassivelife,butactuallymove,senseandevencommunicatewitheachother”可知,文章介紹了科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)植物之間可能在通過一種“看不見的”語言進(jìn)行交流,植物并不是被動(dòng)地生活,它們能感知和交流。由此推知,本文很可能選自生物學(xué)雜志?！靖哳l詞匯】1.turnout結(jié)果是2.releasevt.釋放3.requirevt.要求;需要4.provevt.證明5.passiveadj.被動(dòng)的長難句原句Whilethiswasaknownfact,whatwassurprisingwasthefactthattheminutethisgasbegantobereleased,thenearbycabbageplantsseemedtodetectsomekin