【高中語法大全】LESSON2高中被動(dòng)語態(tài)課件(共23張)

Lesson2動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)do一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來寫出下列時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（以do為例）do一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehave/hasbeenbeingdone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonehadbeenbeingdone將來willbedonewillbebeingdonewillhavebeendonewillhavebeenbeingdone過去將來wouldbedonewouldbebeingdonewouldhavebeendonewouldhavebeenbeingdone1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋bedone例:Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)含雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)時(shí)，將直接賓語或間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語皆可。注意：如果將直接賓語（物）改為主語，則在間接賓語（人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。例:Hismothergavehimapresentonhisbirthday.=Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotheronhisbirthday.=Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotheronhisbirthday.一.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)givesbsth--->sbbegivensth.

或sthbegiventosbbuysb.sth--->sbbeboughtsth

或sthbeboughtforsb

【考點(diǎn)歸納】givesb.sth.passsb.sth.sellsb.sth.lendsb.sth.bringsb.sth.makesb.sth.buysb.sth.Sth

begiventosb.Sth

bepassedtosb.Sthbesoldtosb.Sth

belenttosb.Sth

bebroughttosb.Sth

bemadeforsb.Sth

beboughtforsb.主動(dòng)被動(dòng)2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)，這時(shí)賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。例：Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，其中的介詞或副詞不能省略。例：ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.一.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式5）在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例：Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.一.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)【典例剖析】.They_________playfootballjustnow.A.wereseentoB.wereseenC.isbeingseenD.isbeingseentoA主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)使役動(dòng)詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感觀動(dòng)詞seesbdosthseesbdoingsthsbbeseentodosthsbbeseendoingsthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthhearsbdoingsthsbbeheardtodosthsbbehearddoingsthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth1.）系動(dòng)詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fail,get,grow,keep等+adj./n.構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由聽起來很合理。Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。2.）表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。3.）表示主語的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞，如read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,eat,drink等，與副詞如well,easily,perfectly(十分地)等連用,描會(huì)事物的特性，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，結(jié)構(gòu)是主語（物）+動(dòng)詞+副詞。例：

Thatbooksellswell.書賣得好。4.）少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)進(jìn)行式表被動(dòng)，如print,hang,fry,cook等。例：Thenewhouseisbuilding=Thenewhouseisbeingbuilt.新房在建造中。二.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義6.）

need,want,require（要求，需要）,deserve(應(yīng)得，值得),beworth(值得），notbear(經(jīng)不住)后面接doing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。二.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義7.）在betodosth結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式通常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。下列動(dòng)詞用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義:

例：Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)應(yīng)由誰負(fù)責(zé)?例：Yourhairwants/needscutting(=needstobecut).你的頭發(fā)該剪了。

Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。5.）介詞in,on,under+n.構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動(dòng)（常見的有undercontrol/repair/discussion/construction;beyondbelief/reach/imagination;onsale/show;outofcontrol/sight/reach等）例：Thebuildingisunderconstruction(=isbeingconstructed).

Therumorisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．二.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義8.）一些與can’t(不能)或won’t(不會(huì))連用的動(dòng)詞。常用的有:lock(鎖住),shut(關(guān)上),open(打開),act(上演),write(寫)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。例：Thedoorwon’topen.這門打不開

注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛?。㏕hedoorwon'tbelocked．

（指不會(huì)有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）9.）不定式作定語，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。

例：Ihavemuchworktodo.我有許多要做的事情。（與work有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I有主謂關(guān)系）Exercises:choosethebestchoice.

TherearemanygoodfilmsplayedbyChengLongthatareworth_____.

A.tobeseenB.beingseenC.seeingD.tosee

2.Thefood_____easilyandsells_____.

A.cooks;wellB.iscooking;goodC.iscooked;wellD.cooked;good

3.Thewindowsofthebuildingcan’t_____.

A.beclosedB.closeC.beclosingD.closedCAB1.）不及物動(dòng)詞（短語）不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：happen,last,takeplace,occur,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout,spread等。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢？2.）表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞（短語）不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如含“容納、適合、缺少”等意義的詞hold,contain,fit,lack,benefit,cost,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等。例：Theroomcanhold200people.這個(gè)房間可容納200人。3.）表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞（短語）不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如have,belongto,own等。例：Thatbookbelongstome.書屬于我。三.不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：

當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)表示主語承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示

主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。

其區(qū)分辦法如下：1．如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為

被動(dòng)語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

例：Theglassisbroken．（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2．如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例：Thedoorislocked．（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常有其固定的介詞搭配，這時(shí)過去分詞都變成了形容詞,因此也是看似被動(dòng)實(shí)際表主動(dòng)。如：beinterested(in…)，besurprisedat,beexcitedabout,besatisfied/pleasedwith,bedisappointed,beshocked,bemoved,beamazed,befrightened,bedelighted,beashamed等。3．一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1)beseated

=sitdown,takeone’sseat就座Thewoman

seatedbythewindow

ishismother.=Thewoman

sitting

bythewindow

ishismother.這樣的動(dòng)詞本來就是及物動(dòng)詞，而且后面可跟反身代詞做賓語．類似的詞還有dress,lose,apply,devote等。Sheseatedherselfonthesofa.=Shewasseatedonthesofa.她坐在沙發(fā)上。Idressmyselfincleanclothes.=Iget/amdressedincleanclothes.我穿上了干凈衣服。2)

beprepared(for…)=prepare(for…);beready(for…)

（為…)準(zhǔn)備好eg:She

waspreparedfor

anythingtohappen.

她已準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)付一切.

Well-prepared

fortheexam,allthestudentstookitconfidently.3)

beworried

(about…)=worry(about…)對(duì)…擔(dān)心eg:She

wasworried

abouthermissingson.=She

worriedherself

abouthermissingson.

她擔(dān)心她失蹤的兒子。4)

beconcerned(about/with…)

=careabout…/berelevantto…關(guān)心…;與…有關(guān)聯(lián)eg:We

are

allconcernedabouthishealth.

【對(duì)...擔(dān)憂】

我們都擔(dān)心他的健康We're

all

concernedforhersafety.【對(duì)...關(guān)注】我們都關(guān)注她的安危Thisbookisconcernedwith

theadolescentcrime.

【與...有關(guān)；涉及...】

這本書與青少年犯罪有關(guān)。5.besupposed(to…)

=should應(yīng)該

eg:AmIsupposedtocleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?

=ShouldIcleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?

我應(yīng)該打掃所有的房間還是僅一間？6.

bedevoted

to(doing)=belovingorloyal熱愛的;忠實(shí)的

eg:She

isdevotedto

herchildren.她深愛她的孩子.Herlife

wasdevotedto

caringforthesickandneedy.

她一生都致力于關(guān)心照顧貧病交迫的人。7.

beaddicted

(to…)=bestronglyinterested(in…)對(duì)…上癮He

wasaddictedto

smoking.

8.

beused

(to…)習(xí)慣于…Afterthreeweeksshe

hadgotusedto

theextremeheat.

9.beaccustomed

(to…)=beused(to…)習(xí)慣（于….)

Isoon

gotaccustomedto

hisstrangeways.

我不久就習(xí)慣了他那些奇怪的做法.以上詞組中的to均為介詞，其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenverbs:1.__________(dress)inwhite,helookslikeadoctor.2.After_________(stay)herefor1year,he_______________(accustom)tothehotweather.3.You_____________(suppose)toarriveherebefore8o’clock.4.Youcanpasstheexamaslongasyou________________(prepare,well)forit.5.Afterallthepeople____________(seat),thechairmanannouncedthestartofthemeeting.Dressedstayingisaccustomedaresupposedarewell-prepared

wereseatedExercise:choosethebestanswer1.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines______bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted2.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit________evenbetter.A.getsB.gotC.hasgotD.isgetting3.Youcan'tmoveinrightnow.Thehouse_______.A.haspaintedB.ispaintedC.isbeingpaintedD.ispainting4.Ihavenoideawhat_______whileIwasasleep.A.hashappenedB.washappenedC.hadhappenedD.happenedCDCDExercise:choosethebestanswer5.-Doyoulikethenewpen?-Yes,it_______verywell.A.iswrittenB.isw