2021-2022學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit3Fasterhigherstronger單元素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

單元素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)（三）Unit3

（120分鐘150分）

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳

選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅

讀一遍。

Text1

M:Hi,Sarah.Haveyougotanyplansfortheweekend?

W:No,notreally.

M:Why?Well,"TomandIwerethinkingofhavingabarbecueonthebeach.

1.Whatdoesthemanplantodoontheweekend?

A.Stayathome.B.Haveabarbecue.

C.Goswimming.

答案：B

Text2

W:Withlightmusicandbeautifuldecorations,itmakesmecomfortablehere.

M:'Pleaselookatthemenuandseewhatyou'dliketohave.

2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inagym.B.Inarestaurant.

C.Inastore.

答案：B

Text3

W:Whenwillyoubehome?

M:Aroundthree.

W:OK.I'11needthecarafterthat.③I'mgoingtothemovieswithSharon.

M:Oh.Iwashopingtotakeyououttodinner.

3.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogotonight?

A.Tothesupermarket.B.Tothetheater.

C.Toarestaurant.

答案：B

Text4

M:Welcometoourlab,ProfessorLin.

W:Howbigisyourresearchgroup,Alex?

M:Well,"thereweresevenofusatfirst.Thentwoleft.

4.HowmanymembersarethereinAlex'sgroupnow?

A.Two.B.Five.C.Seven.

答案：B

Text5

M:Woulditbeconvenienttoseetheapartmentnow?

W:Yes.Comethisway,please.Thisisthebedroom.

M:Maybeitisabitsmall.MayIseethekitchen?

W:Sure,itiscompletelymodern.

5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthekitchen?

A.Small.B.Complete.C.Modern.

答案：C

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選

項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

Text6

M:Mystayisover.Here'sthekeytomyroom.

W:Thankyou.Andhere'syourreceipt,Sir.

M:Manythanks.

W:Ihopeyourstayherewassatisfying,Sir.

M:咫hiscouldbeagreathotel,onceyougetridoftheinsects.

W:I'mgladthatthelittleproblemdidn,truinyourvisit.

M:Thecityitselfisgreat.Ilikevisitingitalot.

W:I'malsogladthatyouhavehadsomewonderfulexperiences.

6.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Givingadvicetoahotel.

B.Checkingoutatahotel.

C.Reservingahotel.

答案：B

7.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthehotel?

A.Thehotelissatisfying.

B.Heisn,tsatisfiedwiththecity.

C.Thehotelisverygoodexceptfortheinsects.

答案：C

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

Text7

W:Jasonjuste-mailedme.He'sgoingtobealittlelatefortheteachers*meeting

thisafternoon.Thatshouldn,tbeaproblem,though.AtleastyouandIwill

bethereontime,right?George?Hey,George,what'swrong?

M:Sorry.I'mjustreallyconcernedaboutmybrother.Hewassupposedtocome

overtomyhousefordinnerlastnight,buthenevershowedup.

W:Howoftendoyouseeeachother?

M:Onceaweek.WealwayshavedinneronWednesdays.Hehasn,tmissedoneinover

ayear.

W:Didyoutrycallinghim?

M:Yes,and?Ilefthimavoicemail.Hedoesn,thaveacellphone,soIcan't

sendhimatext.

W:I'msurehe'sfine.Sometimesthingscomeupatthelastminute.Yourbrother

soundslikeaveryresponsibleperson,soIdon'tthinkyouhaveanythingtoworry

about.

M:OK,you*reprobablyright.Thanks.

8.What,stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Brotherandsister.B.Schoolmates.

C.Colleagues.

答案：C

9.Howdidthemantrytocontacthisbrother?

A.Hesenthimatext.

B.Hewenttohishouse.

C.Helefthimavoicemail.

答案：C

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10?12題。

Text8

w：Whathappened?

M:Well,崢I(yè)waslyingonthesandenjoyingthemusicontheradio,whensuddenly

Iheardsomeoneshoutingforhelp.SoIleapttomyfeetandsawaboywavinghis

armsinthesea.Itookoffmyovercoatandjumpedintothewater.

W:Didyoubringhimbacktotheshore?

M:Yes.Ididandhelpedhimtobreatheproperlyagain.

W:-Wasthereanyoneelsearound?

M:"No,notatthatmoment.

W:Wherewerehisparents?

M:由heywereawaybuyingsomedrinks.Theylefttheboyintherentedboatalone.

W:Itwasunwisetoleavetheboyalonebythewater.Luckily,youwerethere!

10.Whatwasthemandoingwhenhearingsomeoneshoutingforhelp?

A.Hewasreading.

B.Hewaslisteningtomusicontheradio.

C.Hewasswimmingnotfarawayfromtheboy.

答案：B

11.Whereweretheboy'sparents?

A.Theywerelyinginthesand.

B.Theywenttorentaboat.

C.Theywereawaybuyingsomedrinks.

答案：C

12.Howdidthemanbringtheboybacktotheshore?

A.Withthehelpoftheboy,sparents.

B.Byhelpingtheboylieproperlyagain.

C.Withnooneelsearoundalone.

答案：C

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13?16題。

Text9

W:Hi,Patrick.It'sJenny.?I'mcallingtosaysorry.

M:Oh,Jenny.Ihavesomethingnewforyou.

W:Butletmesaysorryfirst,Patrick.Ican,tgotothecharitypartywithyou.

M:Whatapity!Butwhynot?

W:BecauseIcheckedmyscheduleandfound啜hadpromisedtohelpCathywithher

questionnairethisSundayafternoon.AndIshouldkeepmyword!

M:Yes,Isee.Goahead.*Bytheway,willyoubeavailablethisSaturday

evening?ThecharitypartyhasbeenchangedtobeonSaturdayevening!That'swhat

Imeantsomethingnewforyou!

W:Wow,fantabulous!I'mtotallyfreeonSaturday.WhatshouldItake,toys

orbooks?

M:It'suptoyou.Somethinggoodforkids.

W:Well,他I'11takesomeofmyfavouritebooksthatmightbevaluableforkids.

M:Cool!

13.Whyisthewomancalling?

A.Toapologize.B.Togivethanks.

C.Toshareherhappiness.

答案：A

14.WhatwillthewomandowithCathy?

A.Helphermakeaquestionnaire.

B.Helpherdoanexperiment.

C.Helpherholdacharityparty.

答案：A

15.Whenwillthecharitypartybeheld?

A.ThisFridayevening.

B.ThisSaturdayevening.

C.ThisSundayevening.

答案：B

16.Whatwillthewomantaketothecharityparty?

A.Questionnaires.B.Toys.

C.Books.

答案：C

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17?20題。

Text10

Hello,I'mRachelJoyce.VmsohappytobeheretodayattheClaremont

Library.IrvetravelledallthewayfromEngland,and°it*strulywonderfulto

visittheUnitedStates!Thisisthefirststoponmybooktour.I'moffto

Australianext!BeforeItakeanyquestions,letmetellyouabitaboutmyself.

Mynewnovel,TheLoveSongofMissQueenieHennessy,wasrecentlypublishedin

2014.Thebookisacompaniontomyfirstnovel,TheUnlikelyPilgrimageofHarold

Fry,whichfollowsamannamedHaroldFryashegoesinsearchofhisoldfriend,

QueenieHennessy,inhopesofsayinggoodbyebeforeshedies.*Thenovelwas

publishedin2012.ItwasalmostchosenfortheCommonwealthBookPrizeandtheMan

BookerPrize.TheLoveSongofMissQueenieHennessyisQueenie*ssideofthestory

asshewaitsforHarold.I'vealsowrittenmanyradioplaysforBBCRadioFour,

andin2007,%wontheTinniswoodAwardformyradioplayToBeaPilgrim.Ihave

alsowontheUKNationalBookAwardforNewWriteroftheYear,beforeIwasawriter,

IwasanactressintheatreandonTV.I'11takequestionsfromtheaudiencenow.

17.Wheredoesthetalktakeplace?

A.InEngland.B.InAustralia.

C.IntheUnitedStates.

答案：C

18.WhenwasTheUnlikelyPilgrimageofHaroldFrypublished?

A.In2014.B.In2007.C.In2012.

答案：C

19.WhatawardhasRachelJoycewon?

A.TheCommonwealthBookPrize.

B.TheTinniswoodAward.

C.TheManBookerPrize.

答案：B

20.WhatdidRachelJoyceusetoworkas?

A.Anactress.B.ATVhost.C.Awriter.

答案：A

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Wetrave1theworldtoexperienceanunfami1iarculture.It'sanaddedbonus

whenthedestinationhappenstobehometoseveralcultures,thankstoitsdiverse

population.

Toronto

Torontohappenstobeoneofthemostdiverseintheworld.Infact,nearly

halfofToronto*sresidentswereborninanothercountry.Thisculturalmixismost

apparentinthecity,scommunitypockets,includingChinatown,Greektown,

LittleItalyetc.AndalthoughEnglishismostwidelyspokenhere,thestreetsare

constantlyfilledwithover140differentlanguages.

LosAngeles

LosAngelesisknownandlovedforitsvariedlandscape,whichoffers

opportunitiestoswimatthebeach,hikeintheparkandexplorealivelycityall

onthesameday.Thatdiversityalsoextendstoitspopulation-peoplefrom

approximately140countries,speaking86differentlanguagescalltheCityof

Angeleshomewherevisitorscangetatasteofmulticulturalmix.

Sydney

English-speakingvisitorstoSydneywon'thaveanytroublebuyingtheirtickets

totheOperaHouseororderingupsomeAussiebarbecue,asit'sthemainlanguage

usedhere.Thatsaid,it'snottheonlylanguageyoumayoverhear.Approximately

250differentdialectsarespokeninthisAustraliancity.Thismakessense,given

that40percentofthepopulationwerebornoverseas.

Singapore

Singaporemightbesmall,butitpacksinalotofdiversity.TheSoutheast

Asiandestinationhasfourofficiallanguages-English,Malay,Mandarinand

Tami1-andapproximately40percentofitspopulationwerebornabroad.

【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)多種文化并存的城市。去這四個(gè)城市旅行,

可以體驗(yàn)不同文化的交融。

21.Wherecanpeopleenjoyfascinatingscenery?

A.InSingapore.B.InToronto.

C.InSydney.D.InLosAngeles.

【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LosAngeles部分中LosAngelesisknownandlovedfor

itsvariedlandscape,whichoffersopportunitiestoswimatthebeach,hikeinthe

parkandexplorealivelycityallonthesameday.可知，洛杉磯因各種美景被人們

熟知和喜愛(ài)，故在洛杉磯可以欣賞到極致的景色。故選D。

22.Whatdothesefourcitieshaveincommon?

A.PeoplespeakotherlanguagesbesidesEnglish.

B.Travelerscankilltimeonthebeach.

C.ThemajorityofresidentsareChinese.

D.Morethanhalfofthepopulationwerebornoverseas.

【解析】選Ao細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Toronto部分中提至ljAndalthoughEnglishismostwidelyspoken

here,thestreetsareconstantlyfilledwithover140differentlanguages.;Los

Angeles部分中提至ijpeoplefromapproximately140countries,speaking86different

languagescalltheCityofAngeleshomewherevisitorscangetatasteofmulticultural

mix.;Sydney部分中提到Approximately250differentdialectsarespokeninthis

Australiancity.;Singapore部分中提至ljTheSoutheastAsiandestinationhasfour

officiallanguages—English,Malay,MandarinandTamil可知，這四個(gè)城市的共同點(diǎn)

是不僅說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，還說(shuō)其他語(yǔ)言。故選A。

23.Thetextisprobablyhelpfulforthosewhoareinterestedin.

A.languageteachingB.readingandwriting

C.touringandcultureD.cookingandswimming

【解析】選C。推理判斷題。文章主要講述去世界各地旅游，能夠體驗(yàn)多種文化的融合，故對(duì)

旅游和文化感興趣的人有幫助。故選C。

【方法技巧】推理判斷題常用infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learnfrom,intend,mean

等詞來(lái)提問(wèn)。推理判斷題不會(huì)在原文中給出答案，需要弄清楚解答的問(wèn)題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)、

主題還是作者意圖進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的，可運(yùn)用略讀，快速確定原文中推理依據(jù)的位置和范圍，再進(jìn)

行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題判斷時(shí)，依據(jù)就是文章的主旨大意，再分析語(yǔ)句間的邏輯關(guān)系。23小

題就是根據(jù)文章的主旨大意進(jìn)行推理判斷的。

B

Ifyouwanttobeproductive,youmustcompletework.Alnosteverythingwedo

hasmanystagestocompletionandinmanysituations,youdon'tactuallycreate

valueuntilyoufinishthelaststage.Farmerscan'tselltheirgrainuntilitis

harvested.Automakerscan7tsellcarsthathavemadeit90%ofthewaythroughthe

assemblyline（生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)）.Mostemployersaren'tgoingtopayyouforhavingadegree

unlessyoufinishthelastclassandgraduate.

Nowallthosethingsrequirestarting,butifyouhaveworkinprogress,the

mostvaluablethingyoucandoistopicksomethingandfinishit.Finishingiswhere

youstartbenefitingfromthevalueyou'vecreated.I'venoticedthatmany

successfulpeoplearen'ttheoneswhoarethesmartestorhavethebestideas.They

areoftentheoneswhodothebestjoboftakinganideaandcompletingit.Agood

ideafullycarriedoutisbetterthanagreatideathatnevergetscompleted.

Doesthismeanyouneedtofinisheverythingyoustart?Notnecessarily,but

ifyoudon'tthinksomethingisworthfinishing,behonestwithyourselfand

terminatetheproject.Don'tleavehundredsofhalffinishedeffortslyingaround

physicallyormentallyactinglikeyouaregoingtocomebackandpickthemup.If

youneedtodropsomething,dosostrategicallyandintentionally.Ifyou*veput

significanteffortintoaproject,youmaystillbenefitfromfinishingitevenif

youwouldn,tstartitagainbasedonchangedcircumstances.Forexample,ifyou

areinyourlastfewmonthsbeforegraduatingfromcollegeandrealizeyoudon't

wanttocareerinwhatyouaremajoringin,youprobablyshouldgoaheadandgraduate

becausethereissignificantvalueinhavingthedegree—evenifyoudon'tintend

toactuallyworkinthatfield.

Whatprojectsdoyouhavethatarecurrentlyinprogress?Canyoufindsomething

andfinishit?

【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章作者主要討論了并非所有事情開(kāi)始了都需要完成。

24.Whydomanypeoplebecomesuccessfulaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Theyarethesmartest.

B.Theyhavethebestideas.

C.Theystartthingssmoothly.

D.Theymakeideasfullycompleted.

【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段I'venoticedthatmanysuccessfulpeople

aren'ttheoneswhoarethesmartestorhavethebestideas.Theyareoftentheones

whodothebestjoboftakinganideaandcompletingit.Agoodideafullycarried

outisbetterthanagreatideathatnevergetscompleted.可知，成功的人是那些能

夠把自己的好想法付諸實(shí)踐并完成的人。故選D。

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terminate“inParagraph3mean?

A.DevelopB.End

C.PlanD.Support

【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Notnecessarily,butifyoudon'tthink

somethingisworthfinishing,behonestwithyourselfandterminatetheproject.

可知，開(kāi)始了的事情未必將要全部完成。如果你認(rèn)為某事不值得做，要忠實(shí)于自己，并可以

終止它。故選B。

26.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthecorrectwayofcreating

value?

A.Amandecidestofinishallhestartstodo.

B.Farmershurrytoselltheircropsbeforetheyareripe.

C.Acollegestudentchoosestostudyuntilhegetshisdegree.

D.Astudentkeepsahalf-filledstampalbumaroundforfutureuse.

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第一段Farmers

can'tselltheirgrainuntilitisharvested.可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第三段最后一

句可知C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)文章第三段Don'tleavehundredsofhalffinishedeffortslying

aroundphysicallyormentallyactinglikeyouaregoingtocomebackandpickthem

up.可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Finishingvs.Starting

B.WellBegunisHalfDone

C.Planningvs.Performing

D.ItisEasierSaidthanDone

【解析】選A。主旨大意題。文章作者主要討論了并非所有事情開(kāi)始了都需要完成。所以用標(biāo)

題Finishingvs.Starting。故選A。

C

In2003,MaryMarggrai-fwasa47-year-oldCaliforniamother,devotedto

schoolcommitteesandcarpoolschedules.Butafterlosinghertrustynotebookand

buyinganewone,shehadaninspiration."Itwasblank,“saysMarggraff,“What

elsecouldIfillitwithnow?”Soonshewasthinkingaboutherchildhoodloveof

flying,andnextthingshekn。*shedeterminedtoregisterinflightschool."In

myfirstclass,allthestudentsweresinglemenhalfmyage.Ifeltlikeahousemother

attendingafraternity（兄弟會(huì)），butIlovedittoomuchtowalkaway."shesays.

Marggraffearnedherfirstpilot,slicensein2005.Sixyearsandfour

additionallicenseslater,heraddictiontobeingintheairchangedintosomething

grander:adesiretogotospace.Tomoveclosertoherstarrydreams,Marggraff

gotapart-timejobasamissionsupportrepresentativeatVirginGalactic,Richard

Branson?scommercialspaceline.Inthatrole,sheattendedspace-related

gatheringswheresheeducatedpeopleaboutthefutureofuniversevoyages.Though

spacetourismisn'tquitearealityyet,Marggraffhasalreadybegunspacetraining

inexpectationofbeingoncneofVirgin'searlyflights."I'vecompleted

accelerationforceexercises,“shesays,uwhichrequiregettinginsideamachine,

spinningaroundat2,500milesperhour,andtryingnottoblackout.”

Marggraffstraininghasmeantmorethangettingherwings—it'sexpandedher

senseofwhatthefuturemayhold."ItturnsoutI'mcapableofmuchmorethanI

imagined,“shesays."Iusedtothinkit'dbeamiracleifIgotmyfirstlicense.

NowI'vecompletednearly1,000hoursofflight!I,mrotteninthekitchenand

IburnanythingIiron,butifyouneedsomeonetolandaplane,callme.”

【文章大意】本文是記敘文，講述了47歲的Marggraff為了實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)飛行員和去太空的夢(mèng)想而

不斷努力的故事。

28.Marggraffregisteredinflightschoolinorderto.

A.breakawayfromcarpoolschedules

B.makehernewblanknotebookpopular

C.provewomenareequaltomeninflying

D.pursueherchildhooddreamofflying

【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Soonshewasthinkingaboutherchi1dhood1ove

otflying,andnextthingsheknew,shedeterminedtoregisterinflightschool.”

可知，她上飛行學(xué)校是為了追求她兒時(shí)的飛行夢(mèng)想。故選D項(xiàng)。

29.WhatdidMarggraffdoafterearningfivelicenses?

A.ShegotintospaceononeofVirgin1searlyflights.

B.Sheinstructedpeopleinhoivtomakeuniversevoyages.

C.Shereceivedspacetraininginpreparationforspacetourism.

I).Shetriedinvaintoovercomefaintnessfromhighspeed.

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段中提到在獲得了五份執(zhí)照后，Marggraff對(duì)飛行的癡迷變

成了更大的愿望一一去太空。她在商業(yè)太空公司做兼職工作，參加與太空有關(guān)的聚會(huì)，向人

們傳授關(guān)于宇宙航行的未來(lái)的知識(shí)，并且接受太空訓(xùn)練，期待能參加Virgin公司的早期飛

行。由此可知，Marggraff所做的這一切，都是為太空旅行做準(zhǔn)備。故選C項(xiàng)。

30.WhatdoesMarggraffbenefitfromherspacetrainingbesidesgettingalicense?

A.Itprovesheramiracle.

B.Itincreasesherself-confidence.

C.Itwinsheraqualification.

D.Itimprovesherimagination.

【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Marggraff所說(shuō)的話(huà)MItturnsoutTmcapable

ofmuchmorethanIimaginedw...”Iusedtothinkit'dbeamiracleifIgot

myfirstlicense.”可以推斷，除了獲得執(zhí)照外，Marggraff通過(guò)太空訓(xùn)練，覺(jué)得自己比想

象的更有能力，從而增加她的自信。故選B項(xiàng)。

31.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMarggraff?

A.Aggressiveandhopeful.

B.Creativeandfragile.

C.Energeticandsensitive.

D.Considerateandpersistent.

【解析】選A。推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，Marggraff在47歲的時(shí)候上飛行學(xué)校，在獲得

了五份執(zhí)照之后又過(guò)了六年，她有了去太空的夢(mèng)想，并為之不懈地努力。從中可以看出，

Marggraff是一個(gè)很有進(jìn)取心的人，對(duì)未來(lái)總是滿(mǎn)懷希望。故選A項(xiàng)。

D

Sometimes,youjustcan,tsaynotoanotherspoonfuloficecreamandmaybe

onemoreafterthat.Whynot?Youdeserveit.

There'snoneedtobeatyourselfupaboutitlater.Thetruthisthatyouwere

probablyboundtodothatfromtheveryfirstspoonful.That'sbecausethereisa

switchinyourbrain,andforwhateverreason,itcangetstuckinthe“on”

position.

Accordingtoanewstudy,thisimpulse（沖動(dòng)）controlmaycomedowntoavery

specificcircuitinthebrainwhichoccasionallyproducesmelanin-concentrating

hormone,orMCH—achemicallinkedwithourdesireforfoodordrugs.Andthatcircuit

alwayssaysyes.

Bymanipulatingthiscircuit,itispossiblethatwemightbeabletodevelop

curesforovereatingthathelppeoplesticktoadietwithoutreducingnormalappetite

ormakingdeliciousfoodslikedonutslessdelicious.

Fortheirresearch,thescientiststreatedratstoaself-servebuffet.But

thetreatswereonatimeddeliverysystem,makingtastyfoodevery20seconds,and

onlywhenaratpressedalever（杠桿）.Hitthatlevertooearly-asimpatienttest

subjectsoccasionallydid—andthecounterwouldstartfromscratch.Lever-happyrats

wouldhavetowaitanothercyclebeforethefoodbecameavailableagain.

Asecondexperimentofferedtheratstwodiningoptions.PushLeverAandget

animmediatesmallreward.PushingLeverBmeantwaitingforaround40seconds,but

thefoodrewardwouldbemuchbigger.Guesswhichleverthoseimpatientratswere

mostfondof?That'sright.Theypickedthenow-now-nowswitch.

Theirimpulsiveness,however,rosesharplywhenscientistsgavetheratsMCH.

Theseanimalsbecamemoreimpulsive.MCH,itseemed,couldtalkratsintoloosening

itsinhibitions（拘束）.Theresult?Moreplease.

Researcherscannowseewherethatconversationbetweenthebrain'sreward

systemanditsimpulsecontrolcentertakesplace.Thenextstepwillbetomapit—and

potentiallyinfluencethediscussion.Itmayeventuallybepossibletocontrola

food-eatingimpulse.

【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。有時(shí)候，你總是忍不住再吃一勺冰淇淋，根據(jù)最新研究顯示,

這種沖動(dòng)控制可以歸結(jié)為大腦中偶爾會(huì)產(chǎn)生的黑色素濃縮激素，或者稱(chēng)MCH,它是與我們對(duì)

食物或藥物的渴望有關(guān)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

32.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“manipulating”in

Paragraph4?

A.Strengthening.B.Controlling.

C.Classifying.D.Creating.

【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前面的Andthatcircuitalwayssaysyes.可知，

它總是說(shuō)同意;根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后面的itispossiblethatwemightbeabletodevelopcures

forovereatingthathelppeoplesticktoadietwithoutreducingnormalappetiteor

makingdeliciousfoodslikedonutslessdelicious.可以推理出,是控制大腦中的那個(gè)

回路來(lái)研發(fā)出方法。因此下劃線(xiàn)單詞manipulating意為“操作、控制”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，選B。

33.Whatwouldhappenwhenaratpressedaleverearlierthanthefixedtime?

A.Abiggerfoodrewardwouldappear.

B.Tastyfoodwouldbedeliveredmuchsooner.

C.Longertimewouldbeneededforfoodtoappear.

D.Theleverwouldbestoppedfromdeliveringfood.

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中Hitthatlevertooearly—asimpatienttest

subjectsoccasionallydid—andthecounterwouldstartfromscratch.Lever-happyrats

wouldhavetowaitanothercyclebeforethefoodbecameavailableagain.可以看出，

當(dāng)老鼠在規(guī)定時(shí)間之前按下杠桿時(shí)，食物出現(xiàn)需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。故選C。

34.Whydidtheresearchersconducttheexperiments?

A.TofindouttheeffectofMCHonanimals.

B.Toproveratsarealsogreedyformorefood.

C.Tostudyhowleversinfluencerats'impulse.

D.Toshowratsandhumanshavesimilarimpulseforfood.

【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Theirimpulsiveness,however,rosesharply

whenscientistsgavetheratsMCH.Theseanimalsbecamemoreimpulsive.MCH,it

seemed,couldtalkratsintolooseningitsinhibitions.可以看出，研究者的實(shí)驗(yàn)是

為了了解MCH對(duì)動(dòng)物的影響。故選A。

35.Whatisthebest