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第04講基本不等式(精講)題型目錄一覽①直接法求最值②常規(guī)湊配法求最值③消參法求最值④“1”的代換求最值⑤基本不等式及其應(yīng)用⑥利用基本不等式解決實(shí)際問題⑦利用基本不等式證明一、知識點(diǎn)梳理一、知識點(diǎn)梳理1.基本不等式如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立.其中,SKIPIF1<0叫作SKIPIF1<0的算術(shù)平均數(shù),SKIPIF1<0叫作SKIPIF1<0的幾何平均數(shù).即正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的算術(shù)平均數(shù)不小于它們的幾何平均數(shù).基本不等式1:若SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號;基本不等式2:若SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(或SKIPIF1<0),當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號.注:(1)基本不等式的前提是“一正”“二定”“三相等”;其中“一正”指正數(shù),“二定”指求最值時(shí)和或積為定值,“三相等”指滿足等號成立的條件.(2)連續(xù)使用不等式要注意等號取得一致.(1)幾個(gè)重要的不等式①SKIPIF1<0②基本不等式:如果SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)“SKIPIF1<0”時(shí)取“”).特例:SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0同號).(2)其他變形:①SKIPIF1<0(溝通兩和SKIPIF1<0與兩平方和SKIPIF1<0的不等關(guān)系式)②SKIPIF1<0(溝通兩積SKIPIF1<0與兩平方和SKIPIF1<0的不等關(guān)系式)③SKIPIF1<0(溝通兩積SKIPIF1<0與兩和SKIPIF1<0的不等關(guān)系式)④重要不等式串:SKIPIF1<0即調(diào)和平均值SKIPIF1<0幾何平均值SKIPIF1<0算數(shù)平均值SKIPIF1<0平方平均值(注意等號成立的條件).2.均值定理已知SKIPIF1<0.(1)如果SKIPIF1<0(定值),則SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)“SKIPIF1<0”時(shí)取“=”).即“和為定值,積有最大值”.(2)如果SKIPIF1<0(定值),則SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)“SKIPIF1<0”時(shí)取“=”).即積為定值,和有最小值”.3.常見求最值模型模型一:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立;模型二:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立;模型三:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立;模型四:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立.二、題型分類精講二、題型分類精講題型一直接法求最值策略方法直接利用基本不等式求解,注意取等條件【典例1】下列不等式一定成立的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)各項(xiàng)所給條件,結(jié)合均值不等式分析、判斷作答.【詳解】對于A,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,A不正確;對于B,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,B不正確;對于C,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即C不正確;對于D,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由均值不等式得SKIPIF1<0成立,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,則D正確.故選:D【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.(2021·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)下列函數(shù)中最小值為4的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可判斷SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng)不符合題意,再根據(jù)基本不等式“一正二定三相等”,即可得出SKIPIF1<0不符合題意,SKIPIF1<0符合題意.【詳解】對于A,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,所以其最小值為SKIPIF1<0,A不符合題意;對于B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,等號取不到,所以其最小值不為SKIPIF1<0,B不符合題意;對于C,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,所以其最小值為SKIPIF1<0,C符合題意;對于D,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,如當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,D不符合題意.故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題解題關(guān)鍵是理解基本不等式的使用條件,明確“一正二定三相等”的意義,再結(jié)合有關(guān)函數(shù)的性質(zhì)即可解出.2.(2021·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是橢圓SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.13 B.12 C.9 D.6【答案】C【分析】本題通過利用橢圓定義得到SKIPIF1<0,借助基本不等式SKIPIF1<0即可得到答案.【詳解】由題,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立).故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】3.(2022秋·重慶南岸·高三重慶市第十一中學(xué)校??茧A段練習(xí))下列不等式一定成立的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】由對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)對A進(jìn)行化簡,對B由基本不等式成立的條件即可判斷,對C化成完全平方即可判斷,對D由分式的運(yùn)算即可求得.【詳解】對于A:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,即SKIPIF1<0,故A錯(cuò)誤;對于B:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為負(fù)數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0不成立,故B錯(cuò)誤;對于C:SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對于D:SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:C.4.(2022秋·安徽合肥·高三??计谥校稁缀卧尽肪恝虻膸缀未鷶?shù)法成了后世西方數(shù)學(xué)家處理數(shù)學(xué)問題的重要依據(jù),通過這一原理,很多代數(shù)的公理或定理都能夠通過圖形實(shí)現(xiàn)證明,也稱之為無字證明SKIPIF1<0現(xiàn)有如圖所示圖形,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在半圓SKIPIF1<0上,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在直徑SKIPIF1<0上,且SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則該圖形可以直接完成的無字證明為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】由圖形可知用a、b表示出OF、OC,在SKIPIF1<0中由勾股定理可求CF,根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0即可得出結(jié)論.【詳解】由圖形可知:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.在SKIPIF1<0中,由勾股定理可得:SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.5.(2023·陜西寶雞·統(tǒng)考二模)設(shè)a,SKIPIF1<0,則“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的(
)A.充要條件 B.必要不充分條件 C.充分不必要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件【答案】C【分析】由基本不等式結(jié)合充分條件和必要條件的定義即可得出答案.【詳解】若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0成立,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等,若SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0不成立,所以“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的充分不必要條件.故選:C.二、填空題6.(2022秋·廣東·高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))已知正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)題意,結(jié)合基本不等式代入計(jì)算,即可得到結(jié)果.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立.故答案為:SKIPIF1<07.(2023·高三課時(shí)練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,有下列不等式:①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0;⑤SKIPIF1<0.其中,恒成立的是______.(寫出所有滿足要求的不等式序號)【答案】①③⑤【分析】利用基本不等式對5個(gè)式子一一判斷.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以利用基本不等式:對于①:SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立).故①正確;對于②:SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立).故②錯(cuò)誤;對于③:SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立).故③正確;對于④:SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立).故④錯(cuò)誤;對于⑤:SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立).故⑤正確.故答案為:①③⑤題型二常規(guī)湊配法求最值策略方法1.通過添項(xiàng)、拆項(xiàng)、變系數(shù)等方法湊成和為定值或積為定值的形式.2.注意驗(yàn)證取得條件.【典例1】若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0取最大值時(shí)x的值是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】由基本不等式求得最大值.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立.故選:C.【典例2】已知實(shí)數(shù)x滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.0 C.4 D.8【答案】B【分析】由已知得到SKIPIF1<0,對題中所給的式子進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化,利用基本不等式求最大值.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0得到SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0上式取等號,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為0.故選:B.【典例3】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.4【答案】B【分析】使用變量分離,將SKIPIF1<0化為SKIPIF1<0,使用基本不等式解決.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立.故選:B.【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.(江西省贛州市十六縣市二十校2023屆高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考數(shù)學(xué)(理)試題)已知正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.3 B.6 C.9 D.12【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)給定條件,利用均值不等式直接計(jì)算作答.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為正數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值9.故選:C2.已知SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】將SKIPIF1<0化為SKIPIF1<0,利用基本不等式即可求得答案.【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,因此,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.3.已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為()A.2 B.4 C.5 D.6【答案】A【分析】由基本不等式求解即可【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),上式取得等號,SKIPIF1<0的最大值為2.故選:A.4.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
)A.10 B.12 C.13 D.14【答案】A【分析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,后由基本不等式可得答案.【詳解】令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號.故選:A5.(廣東省湛江市2023屆高三二模數(shù)學(xué)試題)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則m的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】將左側(cè)分式的分子因式分解成SKIPIF1<0的形式,再利用均值不等式的結(jié)論進(jìn)行計(jì)算即可以得到結(jié)果.【詳解】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立,所以SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.二、填空題6.(貴州省貴陽市五校2023屆高三聯(lián)合考試(五)數(shù)學(xué)(文)試題)若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為__________.【答案】3【分析】利用基本不等式,變形求函數(shù)的最小值.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由基本不等式得:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立.故答案為:37.(第06講基本不等式及應(yīng)用-備戰(zhàn)2023年高考數(shù)學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫(新高考專用)【學(xué)科網(wǎng)名師堂】)(1)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0取得最大值時(shí)SKIPIF1<0的值為________.(2)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為________.(3)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小值為________.【答案】SKIPIF1<01SKIPIF1<0/SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)積的形式轉(zhuǎn)化為和的形式,利用基本不等式求最值,并要檢驗(yàn)等號成立的條件;(2)結(jié)構(gòu)為和的形式轉(zhuǎn)化為積的形式,并使積為定值,同時(shí)要檢驗(yàn)等號成立的條件;(3)二次式除以一次式求最值,一般二次式用一次式表示出來,然后再分離,最后用基本不等式求解即可.【詳解】解:(1)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取等號.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.(2)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取等號.故SKIPIF1<0的最大值為1.故答案為:1.(3)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.8.(2021·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為____________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】兩次利用基本不等式即可求出.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.9.(2020·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為_________.【答案】4【分析】根據(jù)已知條件,將所求的式子化為SKIPIF1<0,利用基本不等式即可求解.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0=4時(shí)取等號,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查應(yīng)用基本不等式求最值,“1”的合理變換是解題的關(guān)鍵,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.10.(天津市紅橋區(qū)2023屆高三一模數(shù)學(xué)試題)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】將不等式變?yōu)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,再由基本不等式即可得出答案.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.11.(湖南省部分校2023屆高三下學(xué)期4月月考數(shù)學(xué)試題)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的最小值為_________.【答案】0【分析】代數(shù)式湊配后利用二次函數(shù)性質(zhì)和基本不等式求解.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為0.故答案為:0.題型三消參法求最值策略方法消參法就是對應(yīng)不等式中的兩元問題,用一個(gè)參數(shù)表示另一個(gè)參數(shù),再利用基本不等式進(jìn)行求解.解題過程中要注意“一正,二定,三相等”這三個(gè)條件缺一不可!【典例1】若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
)A.5 B.8 C.13 D.16【答案】C【分析】由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,從而將SKIPIF1<0化為SKIPIF1<0,利用基本不等式即可求得答案.【詳解】由題意SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0的最小值是13,故選:C【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.(2023秋·江西鷹潭·高三貴溪市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))已知正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】用SKIPIF1<0來表示SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,代入得SKIPIF1<0,再利用基本不等式即可求出最小值.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.2.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))若正數(shù)x,y滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
).A.3 B.6 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】依題意可得SKIPIF1<0,即可得到SKIPIF1<0,再利用基本不等式計(jì)算可得.【詳解】解:因?yàn)檎龜?shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立.故選:B二、多選題3.(2023春·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高三統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試)已知實(shí)數(shù)a,b>0,2a+b=4,則下列說法中正確的有(
)A.SKIPIF1<0有最小值SKIPIF1<0 B.a(chǎn)2+b2有最小值SKIPIF1<0C.4a+2b有最小值8 D.lna+lnb有最小值ln2【答案】BC【分析】根據(jù)基本不等式、配方法,結(jié)合指數(shù)運(yùn)算、對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)逐一判斷即可.【詳解】因?yàn)閷?shí)數(shù)a,b>0,2a+b=4,所以有SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,故選項(xiàng)A不正確;因?yàn)?a+b=4,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),a2+b2有最小值SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)B正確;SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,故選項(xiàng)C正確;因?yàn)閷?shí)數(shù)a,b>0,2a+b=4,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),lna+lnb有最大值ln2,因此選項(xiàng)D不正確,故選:BC4.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACD【分析】對于A選項(xiàng)對SKIPIF1<0直接利用基本不等式即可得證;對于B選項(xiàng)對SKIPIF1<0利用基本不等式可得SKIPIF1<0,由此即可判斷;對于C選項(xiàng)由題意可知SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,易證函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則可得SKIPIF1<0;對于D選項(xiàng)易證SKIPIF1<0即可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】對于A選項(xiàng):因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)“SKIPIF1<0”,即“SKIPIF1<0”時(shí),等號成立,正確;對于B選項(xiàng):因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)“SKIPIF1<0”,即“SKIPIF1<0”時(shí),等號成立,所以SKIPIF1<0,錯(cuò)誤;對于C選項(xiàng):因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,正確;對于D選項(xiàng):記SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0恒成立,且SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,正確;故選:ACD三、填空題5.(2020·江蘇·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是_______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)題設(shè)條件可得SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,利用基本不等式即可求解.【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號.∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了基本不等式在求最值中的應(yīng)用.利用基本不等式求最值時(shí),一定要正確理解和掌握“一正,二定,三相等”的內(nèi)涵:一正是,首先要判斷參數(shù)是否為正;二定是,其次要看和或積是否為定值(和定積最大,積定和最?。?;三相等是,最后一定要驗(yàn)證等號能否成立(主要注意兩點(diǎn),一是相等時(shí)參數(shù)否在定義域內(nèi),二是多次用SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號能否同時(shí)成立).6.(2023春·上?!じ呷虾J袑?shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校??茧A段練習(xí))若正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】利用消元法,再結(jié)合二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)即可得解.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.7.(2023·河北邢臺·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】利用等式SKIPIF1<0求解SKIPIF1<0,代入SKIPIF1<0計(jì)算,結(jié)合基本不等式,即可求得SKIPIF1<0的最小值.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),“=”成立故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.題型四“1”的代換求最值策略方法1的代換就是指湊出1,使不等式通過變形出來后達(dá)到運(yùn)用基本不等式的條件,即積為定值,湊的過程中要特別注意等價(jià)變形.1.根據(jù)條件,湊出“1”,利用乘“1”法.2.注意驗(yàn)證取得條件.【典例1】已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恒過定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.3 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】利用基本不等式常數(shù)“1”的代換即可求出結(jié)果.【詳解】由題意可知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,故選:A.【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.(2023·江西南昌·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.4 B.6 C.8 D.12【答案】B【分析】條件等式兩邊取對數(shù)后,得SKIPIF1<0,再結(jié)合換底公式,以及基本不等式“1”的妙用,即可求解.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為6.故選:B.2.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0相切,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
)A.16 B.12 C.8 D.4【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的幾何意義結(jié)合已知方程求出SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系,再根據(jù)不等式中“1”的整體代換即可得出答案.【詳解】對SKIPIF1<0求導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號.故選:D.3.(2023·湖北·荊州中學(xué)校聯(lián)考二模)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.2 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.4【答案】C【分析】由題意可得SKIPIF1<0,再由基本不等式求解即可求出答案.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等.故選:C.二、多選題4.(2023·黑龍江大慶·大慶中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測)已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,若不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則SKIPIF1<0的值可以為(
)A.10 B.9 C.8 D.7【答案】BCD【分析】根據(jù)題意和基本不等式,求得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0恒成立,得到SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合選項(xiàng),即可求解.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立,又因?yàn)椴坏仁絊KIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合選項(xiàng),可得選項(xiàng)B、C、D符合題意.故選:BCD.5.(2023春·遼寧·高三朝陽市第一高級中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))下列能使式子SKIPIF1<0最小值為1的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】AD【分析】由SKIPIF1<0得出SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合不等式“1”的妙用,即可求出SKIPIF1<0的最小值為1,判斷出A正確;由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,代入SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合基本不等式,即可判斷出B錯(cuò)誤;假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即可判斷出C錯(cuò)誤;由SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,代入SKIPIF1<0化簡,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0的范圍,即可得出當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取得最小值1,即可判斷D正確.【詳解】對于A:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,故A正確;對于B:由SKIPIF1<0得,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立,故最小值為SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;對于C:假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故C錯(cuò)誤;對于D:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取得最小值1,故D正確,故選:AD.三、填空題6.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為_______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)向量運(yùn)算可得SKIPIF1<0,再由均值不等式求解即可.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,故SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<07.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為__________.【答案】12【分析】根據(jù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的幾何意義求得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線方程,可推出SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0化為SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合基本不等式即可求得答案.【詳解】由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則由題意可得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0取等號,即SKIPIF1<0的最小值為12,故答案為:128.(2023·遼寧沈陽·高三校聯(lián)考學(xué)業(yè)考試)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】變形條件等式得SKIPIF1<0,然后展開,利用基本不等式求最小值.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.9.(2023·陜西渭南·統(tǒng)考二模)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0/SKIPIF1<0【分析】利用基本不等式中“1”的代換法求最小值.【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.題型五基本不等式及其應(yīng)用策略方法熟記基本不等式成立的條件,合理選擇基本不等式的形式解題,要注意對不等式等號是否成立進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證.【典例1】已知實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】由均值定理即可求得SKIPIF1<0的最小值.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.(浙江省杭州市2023屆高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(二模)數(shù)學(xué)試題)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則ab的最小值為(
)A.4 B.8 C.16 D.32【答案】C【分析】運(yùn)用對數(shù)運(yùn)算及換底公式可得SKIPIF1<0,運(yùn)用基本不等式可求得SKIPIF1<0的最小值.【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即:SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,即:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,故SKIPIF1<0的最小值為16.故選:C.2.(廣西柳州高級中學(xué)、南寧市第三中學(xué)2023屆高三聯(lián)考數(shù)學(xué)(文)試題)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.1 D.2【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)基本不等式推出SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而根據(jù)不等式可得SKIPIF1<0,即可得出答案.【詳解】由已知可得SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由基本不等式知SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立.所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為2.故選:D.3.(廣西柳州高級中學(xué)、南寧市第三中學(xué)2023屆高三聯(lián)考數(shù)學(xué)(理)試題)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.2 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.4【答案】C【分析】利用基本不等式即可求出最值.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號成立,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.4.(江西省南昌市2023屆高三第一次模擬測試數(shù)學(xué)(文)試題)已知x,y為正實(shí)數(shù),則“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的(
)A.充分不必要條件 B.必要不充分條件C.充要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件【答案】B【分析】利用特值法、基本不等式,結(jié)合充分條件與必要條件的定義判斷即可.【詳解】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以“SKIPIF1<0”不是“SKIPIF1<0”的充分條件;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的必要條件,所以“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的必要不充分條件.故選:B.5.(安徽省安慶市2023屆高三模擬考試(二模)數(shù)學(xué)試題)已知非零向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的夾角為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則夾角SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】應(yīng)用向量數(shù)量積運(yùn)算律及題設(shè)可得SKIPIF1<0,注意等號成立條件,結(jié)合已知不等條件求SKIPIF1<0范圍,即可得最小值.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,前一個(gè)等號成立條件為SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0.由于SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,于是夾角為SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C二、多選題6.(湖北省孝感市2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末數(shù)學(xué)試題)下列結(jié)論中,正確的結(jié)論有(
)A.如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0的最小值是2B.如果SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0的最大值為3C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小值為2D.如果SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0的最小值為2【答案】BD【分析】對A.如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,命題不成立;對B.使用基本不等式得SKIPIF1<0即可得SKIPIF1<0的最大值;對C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0無解;對D.根據(jù)題意構(gòu)造SKIPIF1<0,將“1”替換為SKIPIF1<0,代入用基本不等式求解.【詳解】對于A:如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,最小值是2不成立;對于B:如果SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0
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