初升高英語(yǔ)暑假銜接第2部分-專(zhuān)題27.必修第一冊(cè)UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS -Reading and Thinking單詞課文預(yù)習(xí)（教師版）

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS--ReadingandThinking單詞，課文預(yù)習(xí)一．詞匯預(yù)先知Ⅰ.單詞——記其形1．cometotheir__rescue營(yíng)救他們2．causedamagetohishealth損害他的健康3．destroyhopes摧毀希望4．buildsheltersforthehomeless為無(wú)家可歸者搭建庇護(hù)所5．ruinourtrip毀壞我們的旅行6．30percentstudents百分之三十的學(xué)生7．betrappedinthe__ruins被困在廢墟中8．burythedead埋葬死者9．makegreaterefforts盡更大的努力Ⅱ.單詞——知其意1．disastern．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害2．tornadon.龍卷風(fēng)；旋風(fēng)3．droughtn.旱災(zāi)；久旱4．landsliden.(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡5．slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動(dòng)6．tsunamin.海嘯7．floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹沒(méi)；大量涌入vt.使灌滿(mǎn)水；淹沒(méi)8．magnituden.(地)震級(jí)；重大9．evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤離10．helicoptern.直升機(jī)11．crackn.裂紋；裂縫vi.&vt.(使)破裂12．gasn.汽油；氣體；燃?xì)?3．brickn.磚；磚塊14．metaln.金屬15．electricityn.電；電能16．unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體17．contextn.上下文；語(yǔ)境；背景Ⅲ.單詞——通其變1．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.無(wú)生命的2．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的→shockedadj.感到震驚的3．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸4．revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活；(使)蘇醒→revivaln．振興；復(fù)蘇5．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→sufferingn．折磨；苦難6．wisdomn．智慧；才智→wiseadj.明智的；聰明的7．a(chǎn)ffect__vt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動(dòng)→effectn．效果，作用Ⅳ.詞塊——英漢譯1．a(chǎn)sif似乎；好像；仿佛2．inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪3．inshock震驚；吃驚4．setup建立5．a(chǎn)susual像往常一樣6．cometoanend結(jié)束7．thenumberof……的數(shù)量8．digout挖掘9．a(chǎn)hometo……的家園10．gothrough經(jīng)歷11．begone沒(méi)有了12．providemedicalcare提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)課文精研讀原文呈現(xiàn)THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastern①Hebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewells②rose③andfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmelly④gascomingoutofit【1】．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat【2】，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide【3】，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleep⑤asusual⑥thatnight.【1】“comingoutofit”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾gas。gas與come之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。【2】此處為“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……而不能……”?！?】“l(fā)ookingforplacestohide”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，Mice與lookfor之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，“尋找”與“跑”同時(shí)進(jìn)行。At3：42a．m.,everythingbegantoshake⑦.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend⑧【4】！Elevenkilometresdirectly⑨belowthecity,oneofthemostdeadly⑩earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan?150kilometresawayinBeijing【5】．Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads，andwaterways?.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins?.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents【6】．Thenumberof?peoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.【4】本句中asif引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，該從句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。【5】“aquakethatevencaused...inBeijing”為“oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes”的同位語(yǔ)，其中“thatevencaused...inBeijing”為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞aquake，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)?！?】此處為“l(fā)eave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式。Everywheresurvivors?looked,therewasnothingbutruins【7】．Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone?.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway?.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross【8】．Therailwaytracks?werenowuseless?piecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof?water.Peoplewereinshockeq\o(○,\s\up4(21))—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldowneq\o(○,\s\up4(22)).Water,food,andelectricityeq\o(○,\s\up4(23))werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast【9】．【7】Everywheresurvivorslooked是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。Everywhere既是副詞，也作連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。主句中用了“nothingbut...”結(jié)構(gòu)，but是介詞，意為“除……之外”；該結(jié)構(gòu)后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，如果nothing前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后跟的動(dòng)詞不定式要省略to?！?】此處是“主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.(＋forsb)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。下文中的“Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget”也屬于此句型。【9】how在此作連接副詞，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞long。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigouteq\o(○,\s\up4(24))thosewhoweretrappedeq\o(○,\s\up4(25))andtoburyeq\o(○,\s\up4(26))thedead【10】．Morethan10，000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcareeq\o(○,\s\up4(27)).Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheeq\o(○,\s\up4(28))again.【10】本句中“todigout...andtoburythedead”為兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，其中whoweretrapped為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those；先行詞為those且指人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句要用who引導(dǎo)。thedead表示“死者”，屬于“the＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)。Tangshanstartedtoreviveeq\o(○,\s\up4(29))itselfandgetbackuponitsfeeteq\o(○,\s\up4(30)).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseq\o(○,\s\up4(31))effortseq\o(○,\s\up4(32))ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.Tangshancityhasprovedeq\o(○,\s\up4(33))toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofeq\o(○,\s\up4(34))disaster，peoplemustunifyeq\o(○,\s\up4(35))andshowthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up4(36))tostaypositiveandrebuildeq\o(○,\s\up4(37))forabrighterfuture【11】．【11】本句使用了“proveto...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作prove的直接賓語(yǔ)；其中tostaypositive為不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾抽象名詞wisdom。Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28，1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell.Deepcracksappearedinthewellwalls,andeven1.smelly(smell)gaswascomingoutofonewell.Someanimalsalsohadsomeunusualbehaviour.Butpeopleinthecity,2.whowereasleepasusualthatnight,didn’tthinkmuchofthese.At3：42am，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturybrokeout.ItdestroyedthecityandevencauseddamageinBeijing.Inlessthanoneminute,Tangshan3.lay(lie)inruins.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor4.terribly(terrible)injuredinthequake5.was(be)morethan400，000.Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakestruckTangshanagain.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard6.to__get(get)．Butallthehopewasn’tlost.Soonafterthequakes,teamswereorganisedtodigoutthetrappedandburythedead.Manymorepeople,7.including(include)workersanddoctors,cametoprovidehelp.Throughallthe8.efforts(effort),thecitybegantobreatheagain.Today,9.anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins,whichhasproved10.totheentireworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.三．隨堂精訓(xùn)練【小題夯基】一.單詞拼寫(xiě)1．Inordertocatchthebear，somevillagerssetatrap(陷阱)andcovereditwithsomeleaves.2．Itiswrongofyoutowasteelectricity(電)inyourdailylife.3．Theheavyrainlastnightcausedfloods(洪水)inmanymountainousareas.4．Toomuchdrinkingwilldodamage(傷害)toyourhealth;youshouldtakethedoctor’sadvice.5．Weshouldfindashelter(躲避處)fromthewind.6．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(災(zāi)難)evertohitthearea.7．Theflowerssoonrevived(復(fù)活)afterIwateredtheminthemorning.8．Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricks(磚塊)ofdifferentages.9．Plasticpartscantaketheplaceofmetal(金屬)onesinmanymachines,buttheydon’tlastlong.10．Youshouldbeabletoguessthemeaningofthewordfromthecontext(上下文)．二.詞形變化1．Affected(affect)withahighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.2．Wisdom(wise)isknowingwhattodonext,skillisknowinghowtodoit,andvirtueisdoingit.3．Inancienttimes,peoplebelievedthattheycouldbebroughtbacktolifeafterdeath(dead)．4．Ilikegettingupearlyinthemorning.Themorningairisgoodto__breathe(breath)．5．Allthelistenerswere__shocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.6．Thoughthesoldiershavebeenworkingforfifteenhours,theycarryonlookingforsurvivors(survive)inruins.7．Thedoctordecidedtooffersomeadvicetotheathletesuffering(suffer)fromabadback.8．Burying(bury)himselfinthenewspaper，hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.9．Hewas__trapped(trap)inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless.10．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletelydestroyed(destroy)．【大題提能】APeopleacrossWesternEuropeareexperiencingaheatwavethisweek,withtheworststilltocomeonThursday.Officialssoundedhigh－temperaturehealthwarningsonWednesday,mindfulthatsomeheatwavesbeforehadcausedthousandsofdeathsacrossanareawherepeoplearenotusedtosuchweatherandfewhomeshaveairconditioning.RenePierron,51,astreetcleaneratParisCityHall,wasnotlucky，andsaiditwasdifficulttoworkoutdoorsundersuchconditions.“Thebuildingsandroadsheretaketheheatinduringthedayandactlikeradiators(散熱器)—it’sunbearable，”hesaidwhiletakingabreakneartheAvenuedesChamps－Elysees.KateSimmonds,also51,whoworksinarestaurantincentralLondon,couldcommiserate(同情)．“It’ssohot—wecan’tworklikethis，”shesaidonWednesday.Butshesaidbusinesswasgoodthisweek，withplentyofpeoplebuyingcolddrinksandicecream.Nationafternationhavegivenhealth－relatedwarningforpeoplebecomingtiredandweakintheheat.Belgiumgaveitshighestwarningsinceitsweatherwarningsystemwasputinplace20yearsago,andGermanyplacedthewholecountryunderaheatwarning.Britain’sweatherservice,theMetOffice,placedfiveofEngland’snineareas,includingLondon,ona“LevelThree”heathealthwatch,onelevelshortofanationalemergency.LizBentley,thechiefexecutiveofBritain’sRoyalMeteorologicalSociety,warned:“WhileacountrylikeBritainisnotusedtoheatwaves，theycouldbecomemorecommonbecauseofthechangingclimate(氣候)．IfyouliveinaMediterraneancountry,thepopulationadaptsto(適應(yīng))thesetemperatures.Butwe’llseethenumberofdeathsgoupinthenextcomingdays.”GraceKnee,29,wasanexception,lovingtheheat.“Ilovethisweather，”shesaid,addingthatshehadappliedstrongsunscreenbeforestayingunderthesun.“Ijustlikegettingatan(曬黑的皮膚)．”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。熱浪席卷西歐，各國(guó)紛紛拉響警報(bào)。1．WhatdidRenePierronthinkoftheweather?A．Itcreatedsomebusinesschances. B．Itmadehisworkmoredifficult.C．Itmightleadtopeopledying. D．Itwouldendsoon.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的saiditwasdifficultto...radiators—it’sunbearable，可知，RenePierron認(rèn)為此次高溫使他的戶(hù)外工作變得很困難。]2．HowdidGermanydealwiththeheatwave?A．Ithadcarriedoutmanyhelpfulactions. B．Itsuggestedpeoplestayawayfromwork.C．Itwarnedthewholecountryoftheheat. D．Itprovidedairconditioningforpoorpeople.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Germanyplacedthewholecountryunderaheatwarning可知，德國(guó)向全體國(guó)民發(fā)出了高溫警告。]3．WhatdoLizBentley’swordsmean?A．Suchweatherwillappearmorefrequently. B．TheweatherhaslittleinfluenceonBritain.C．Thousandsofpeoplewilldiebecauseoftheweather.D．Peoplehavefullyrealizedthedangeroftheweather.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的WhileacountrylikeBritainis...adaptstothesetemperatures可知，LizBentley認(rèn)為，由于氣候變化的原因，此類(lèi)天氣會(huì)出現(xiàn)得更加頻繁。]4．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．HeatwavespreadsacrossEuropeB．HeatwavemakesthingsbadforhumanbeingsC．EuropetriestofindwaystodealwithheatwaveD．Heatwavecallsforpeopletoprotecttheenvironment答案A[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。該報(bào)道指出，歐洲各國(guó)受熱浪影響，氣溫屢創(chuàng)新高，各國(guó)針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象，紛紛拉響高溫警報(bào)。此次熱浪嚴(yán)重影響了人們的正常生活。因此，A項(xiàng)為本文的標(biāo)題。]BLifehasbeendifficultforGerardDunnsincehiswifepassedawaysixmonthsago.Butthankfully,theInternetistheretocheerhimup.92－year－oldGerardand82－year－oldEllenhadbeenmarriedformorethansixtyyears.WhileEllenworkedasateacher,GerardworkedasaCanadaPostpostman.Forthisreason,Gerardlovesthemail.SinceEllendiedearlierthisyear,Gerardhasbeencheeredbythedailymaildelivery.Gerard’schildrenhavetriedtocomforthimbysendinghimletters—buthisdaughterMiriamwantedtodosomethingspecialforhiscomingbirthday.Earlierthisweek,MiriammadeaTwitterpostonlinetoaskpeopletosendletterstoherfatherforhisbirthdayinOctober.Miriamwasonlyexpectingafewpeopletorespond(回應(yīng)),butsinceshepublished(發(fā)表)thepost,ithasbeensharedover20，000timesandreceived40，000likes.Usersarepromisingtodeliverartworks,foodandcards；teachersaresendingherphotosoftheirstudentswhoarecarefullyandseriouslywritinglettersforGerard；thousandsmorepeoplehavesentheronlinegoodwishes.“IthoughtmaybeIcouldgetafewstrangersontheInternettosendhimsomethingthatwouldreallypleasehim.Iguessedthatfiveortenpeoplewouldsay‘Iwilldothat’，butIneverexpectedthiswhenIcamebacktoTwitter，”saidMiriam.“Mydadse