2023年高考英語考點(diǎn)全國微專題17 閱讀理解之人與社會(huì)

考向17間讀理解之人與社會(huì)

真題典例

Passagel（2022?全國?高考真題）Asweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientin

processingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamong

peoplewhodon'texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecome

dryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.Thafswhathappensto

theheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,

gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbut

wereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedina

programofnonaerobic（無氧）exercise-balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecond

groupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwo

years,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.

“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,vsaysLevine."And

thereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump（泵送）a

lotmorebloodduringexercise.^^Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn'tchange,he

says.

“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven'talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhas

flexibility,Levinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothing

happenedtothematall.”

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreat

start.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhich

aspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

1.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?

A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.

C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.

2.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?

A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.

C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.

3.WhatdoesLevine'sresearchfind?

A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.

B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.

C.Itisnevertoolatefbrpeopletostarttakingexercise.

D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.

4.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

【答案】1.D2.C3.A4,C

【解析】本文是?篇說明文，主要講的是鍛煉對于心臟的好處。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“"Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor

20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityof

Texas.That'swhathappenstotheheart.（“想想橡皮筋。一開始，它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就

會(huì)變得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克薩斯大學(xué)的心臟專家本?萊文博士說。這就是心臟的變化。）“可知，萊文

想通過提到橡皮筋來解釋心臟的老化過程，故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise-balance

trainingandweighttraining——threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseunderthe

guidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.（第一組每周參加三次非有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)平衡訓(xùn)練和重量訓(xùn)

練。第二組在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行4天或更多的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。戶可知，兩組在研究設(shè)計(jì)上的不同在

于運(yùn)動(dòng)類型的不同，故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofa

trainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinheart

health.（第二組在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行4天或更多的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。兩年后，第二組的心臟健康狀況有

了顯著改善。戶和第四段的“"Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-old

hearts-saysLevine.（萊文說:“我們把這些50歲的心臟的時(shí)鐘撥回30或35歲的心臟?？芍R文的研究

發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，中年人的心臟會(huì)變得更年輕，故選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsof

peopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.（但這項(xiàng)研究的規(guī)模

很小，需要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生最大的影響。戶可知，妮卡?戈德

堡博上建議進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。故選C。

Passage2

（2022?全國?高考真題）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublic

servicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyare

behindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodembehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbackto

anoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriver

hadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedfbr

thestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoing

tobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.n

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

6.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.B

【解析】本文一篇說明文。為解決司機(jī)在開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名

立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時(shí)候是否使用了手機(jī)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublic

servicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyare

behindthewheel."（在過去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信，公共服務(wù)活動(dòng)也嘗試了各種各樣的方

法來說服人們在開車時(shí)放下手機(jī)。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobe

gettingworse."（然而，無論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，這個(gè)問題似乎都在惡化。）可知，大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣

的方法說服司機(jī)們在開車的時(shí)候放下手機(jī)，可是情況卻越來越糟糕。所以各種方法是無效的。A選項(xiàng)

ineffective意為“無效的”，與此相符。故選A。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedor

doneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.”（這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以確定司機(jī)是否

發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件，或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能夠確定的是司機(jī)

是否使用了手機(jī)發(fā)短信、郵件以及其他駕駛法不允許的行為。B選項(xiàng)意為“是否司機(jī)使用了手機(jī)?！迸c此相

符，故選B。

7.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior."（我們需要

一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，something是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑?。根?jù)下文的“IftheTextalyzer

billbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."（他說，如果

Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會(huì)更害怕拿起手機(jī)。）可知，人們的行為會(huì)改變的條件是當(dāng)Textalyzer法案

成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機(jī)們才不會(huì)在開車的時(shí)候使用手機(jī)。故something指代的是法律。

故選D。

8.主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人

們在開車時(shí)放卜手機(jī)。可是問題卻越來越嚴(yán)重第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.”

（部分原因是開車的人越來越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解

決該問題是紐約立法者提出了一個(gè)新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時(shí)候是否使用了

手機(jī)。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正的改變?nèi)藗兊男袨椤?/p>

故B選項(xiàng)TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文

章的標(biāo)題。故選B。

Passages

（2022?全國?高考真題）Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.

Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew,Forthem,it?sjustnormal.

ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.

Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures-aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,he

reachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.

What'supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthe

pageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?

ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedthe

boywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.He

thoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.

Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It'sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyour

grandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduce

audio.Iusemobilepayment.Tveevenbuiltwebsites.

There5sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:Tvespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,

sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonal

storyforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.

Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar—twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButI

willmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.

9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?

A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.

C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.

10.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?

A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer.B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.

C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa.D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.

11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?

A.Sociallyambitious.B.Physicallyattractive.

C.Financiallyindependent.D.Digitallycompetent.

12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalist?

A.Helacksexperienceinhisjob.B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.

C.Hemanagesavideodepartment.D.Heofteninterviewsinternetstars.

【答案】9.BIO.All.D12.B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述「作者曾經(jīng)是一名記者，在春節(jié)期間，作者給孫子拿了一本兒童

讀物，孫子卻以為是平板電腦，不停地戳?xí)?/p>

9.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.

Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeifsnew.Forthem,it'sjustnormal.”以及畫線詞后文”asIwassittingwith

my2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.“可知,作者是記者,生活在一個(gè)講故事的新

時(shí)代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識(shí)到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這在春

節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚故選B。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywith

atabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmy

storybookwaslikethat.（事實(shí)上，他對書本并不熟悉。他的父親經(jīng)常用一臺(tái)裝有彩色圖片的平板電腦逗他開

心，當(dāng)你戳它們的時(shí)候，這些圖片就會(huì)變得栩栩如生。他認(rèn)為我的故事書就是那樣的戶可知，那孩子戳故

事書是因?yàn)樗阉?dāng)成了平板電腦。故選A。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.I

editvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I'veevenbuiltwebsites.（我可能老了，但從數(shù)字角度來說，

我還沒有毫無希望的挑戰(zhàn)。我編輯視頻，制作音頻。我用移動(dòng)支付。我甚至建立了網(wǎng)站）“可知，作者認(rèn)為

自己懂?dāng)?shù)碼技術(shù)。故選D。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“There'sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I'vespent

littletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.（然而，在我的新媒體體驗(yàn)中有一個(gè)明顯的差

距：我很少在鏡頭前呆著，因?yàn)槲业哪樖菫殡娕_(tái)而生的）''可知，作者作為記者他很少上電視。故選B。

Passage4

（2022?全國?高考真題）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻

菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriends

calledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Even

worse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"as

ElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.ItJsjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrown

away—from"ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrown

intorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfood

wasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,6€iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargest

producerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.,,

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtin

seesmyarugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it*smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlast

days.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthy

meals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有

瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,and

freezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,

whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

13.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

14.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

15.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

16.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

【答案】13.BI4.B15.D16.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M(fèi)現(xiàn)象以及華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席

執(zhí)行官科廷為解決食物浪費(fèi)而采取的努力。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.（像我們大多

數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的食物）”及"Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihad

unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.（但隨著時(shí)間的推移，芝麻

菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉廠可推知，作者想通

過講述芝麻菜的故事來表明我們有時(shí)會(huì)無意間浪費(fèi)食物。故選Bo

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,resourcesusedto

growit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,4€iffoodwastewereacountry,it

wouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”（生產(chǎn)沒人吃的食物會(huì)浪費(fèi)用于種植食物

的水、燃料和其他資源。這使得食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問題。事實(shí)上，羅伊特寫道，“如果食物浪費(fèi)是一

個(gè)國家，它將是世界上第三大溫室氣體排放國?？芍鶕?jù)文中的說法，浪費(fèi)食物的一個(gè)后果是對環(huán)境

的危害。故選B。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,which

recoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytaking

donationsandcollectingblemished（有」段疵的）produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthe

strawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科廷是華盛頓DC

中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復(fù)原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組織通過接受捐贈(zèng)和收集有瑕疵

的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，收回了超過807500磅的食物，否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品就會(huì)在地里腐爛。草莓呢？志愿者們將清洗、

切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食中使用）”可知，科廷的公司用人們不想要的食物重新制作食物。

故選D。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的""Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasing

morefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon't

eat-Curtinsays.（“每個(gè)人都可以在減少浪費(fèi)方面發(fā)揮作用，無論是在每周的購物中不購買不必要的食物，

還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，'‘科廷說）''可知，科廷建議人們只買需要的東西來避免浪費(fèi)食物。故選

Ao

Passages

（2022?全國?高考真題）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolook

aftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincare

homeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.,,

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful."

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

''Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.^^

17.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

18.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

19.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon“meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

20.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案】17.D18.B19.C20.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況的項(xiàng)目。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeopledwellbeing（該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老

年人的健康狀況）''可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段""It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildren

intoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit

feelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.^^（有不同的關(guān)注點(diǎn)很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進(jìn)來看母雞，居民們

也來外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)，做一些有用的事情的感覺很好）“可推知，RulhXavier通過該

項(xiàng)目獲得了一種成就感。故選瓦

19.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.

Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的

想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣）”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst（第

一批人之一）“可知WendyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin（開始）”含義相

近。故選C。

20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.

Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的

想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣）''以及最后一段“LynnLewis,director

ofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectour

residentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities/'（"諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林恩?劉易斯說:我們很高興

能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它將通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來）''可知，該項(xiàng)目的反響

很好。故選A。

經(jīng)典變式練（基礎(chǔ)練、提升練、真題練）

※基礎(chǔ)練

Passagel

AYOUNGgirlraisesherhandinclasstoanswertheteacher'squestion.Sheproudlygivesthecorrect

answerwhenherclassmatesstarttogiggle.Amongthem,shehearssomebodycallhera“know-it-all“andsees

anotherrollhiseyes.Shedoesn'tdaretospeakupagainbecauseconfidentwomenareoftencalled""bossy”.

Despitedecadesofadvances,itseemsthatwomencontinuetofaceprejudicewhenitcomestoholdinga

positionofpower.

LailaFarah,anassociateprofessoratDePaulUniversityinChicagointheUS,saidthereasonforthis

stereotypeliesinhistory.

“Thisisanoldphenomenonwhichreflectsthefactthatmanypeoplethinkfemalesdon'thavethesamebrain

capabilitycomparedtothemalebrain,“Farahsaid.

Whafsmore,theprejudiceissodeepinoursocietythatithasbecomehardtoignore.<6Genderbiasisfound

inthemedia,schools,theworkplace-basicallyeverywhere,Farahsaid."Itislearnedininfancyandgoesfrom

toyschosentoassumingfemalesaren'tgoodatmath.^^

Anotherreasonforconfidentwomenbeingcalledbossyisthat“somepeoplearen'tusedtowomenbeing

confidentenoughtospeaktheirminds",saidhighschooljuniorJessicaBellafromIllinois.Embarrassingwomen

bycallingthem“bossy“hascausedsomeofthemtotonedowntheirconfidence.

InastudydonebytheGirlsLeadershipInstitute,aprogramthathelpsgirlsdevelopstrongleadershipskills,

manygirlssaidthebiggestthingholdingthembackfromparticipatinginclasswasbeingjudged.

"Sometimes,IknowIhavetherightanswerinclass,butIdon'traisemyhandbecauseIdon'twanttobe

annoying,saidhighschooljuniorEmilyGriggfromIllinois.

Still,somewomenhavebravelystoodupagainstthisstereotype.

“Ifwomeninleadershippositionsareconsideredtobebossy,thenIliketodoallIcantoprovethatwrong.

Weallhaveanequalopportunitytopresentourknowledgenomatterhowthatmaycomeacross,“saidChristina

Jakubas,anEnglishteacherfromIllinois.

Maybewhatweneedtodoisturnbeingbossyintosomethingempoweringforwomen.Afterall,bossy

peoplegetthejobdone.

I.Whydoestheauthorwriteabouttheexperienceofagirlraisingherhandinclass?

A.provethatconfidentwomentendtobebossy

B.explainwhybossywomenareunpopularingroups

C.explorewhatstopswomenfrombeingthemselves

D.showhowwomenshouldfightagainstgenderbias

2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisstereotype“inParagraph3referto?

A.Femalesfailingtodoaswellasmalesinmath.

B.Genderbiasbecominghardtoignoreinsociety.

C.Womenwhoholdapositionofpowerfacingprejudice.

D.Femalesnothavingthesamebraincapabilitiesasmales.

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewithaccordingtothearticle?

A.Confidentwomentendtopossessstrongleadershipskills.

B.Bossywomenusuallygettheirjobsdonebetterthanmen.

C.Femalesinleadershippositionsshouldtrytoavoidbeingbossy,

D.Femalesshouldignorenegativecommentsandbravelyspeaktheirminds

4.Inwhichpartofthemagazinecanwereadthepassage?

A.HealthB.SocietyC.PoliticsD.Entertainment

Passage!

MattelishonoringfrontlineworkerswithBarbiedollsmodeledonreal-lifedoctorsandnurses.Amongthem

isadollversionofAmyO'Sullivan.She'sanurseattheWyckoffHeightsMedicalCenter.ThafsinBrooklyn,

NewYork.O'SullivanappearedonthecoverofTIMElastyear.Thedollhashand-paintedtattoos,silverhair,and

colorfulsockslikethoseO'Sullivanwearstoworkeveryday.

O'Sullivanwastouchedbythesedetails.utIusedtogetahardtimefromtheadministratorsaboutmytattoos

andmyhairandmypantsbeingrolledup,“shesays."ButIdidn'twanttobelikeanyoneelse...Ihadnorole

modelswhenIwasgrowingup.This,Ithink,showskidsit'sokaytobedifferent.Itencouragesthemtobe

themselves.”

Therearefiveotherdollsintheprogram.OneismodeledonDr.AudreySueCruz,fromLasVegas,Nevada,

whofightsracialprejudiceagainstAsian-Americanphysicians.AnotherisforDr.ChikaStacyOriuwa,from

Canada,whoisfightingracisminthehealthcaresystem.NextisSarahGilbert,aprofessorintheUnitedKingdom

whohelpeddevelopanewmedication.There'sadollforDr.JaquelineGoesdeJesus,aresearcherwholedwork

aroundtheCOVID-19variantinBrazil.AndthereisDr.KirbyWhite,fromAustralia.Shedevelopedreusable

personalprotectiveequipment,orPPE,fordoctors.

Eachwomanwaspresentedwithherownone-of-a-kinddoll.Thehonoringdollsarenotforsale,butMattel

announceditwilldonate$5foreverydoctorornurseBarbiesoldatTargetCoiporation.Mattellaunchedthe

campaignlastyeartogivebacktocommunitiesinneed."Thisfall,admittedly,wethoughtwewouldbefurther

alonginthepandemic；'LisaMcKnightsays.She'saseniorvicepresidentatMattelandtheglobalbrandmanager

forBarbie.uButitisimportanttohonortheseamazingmedicalworkersacrosstheglobeaswecontinuetofacea

difficulttime.”

5.WhichofthefollowingistrueofO'Sullivan?

A.Shelovesdressingupasadoll.B.Shehadahardtimefinancially.

C.SheseesgrowingupdifferentlyasOK.D.Shetriedtocoverupherhand-pai