Unit1PeopleofAchievement單元檢測(cè)卷高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT單元測(cè)試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AItisthattimeoftheyear,whenahandfuloftheworld'sleadingscholars,socialactivistsandresearchersarerewardedwithwhatisoftencitedasthemostprestigiousacknowledgementofhumanefforts—theNobelPrize.Here'salookatwhohaswontheprizeandforwhat.PhysiologyorMedicineSwedishgeneticistSvanteP??bowonthefirstNobelPrizeoftheyear,forstartingthefieldofancientDNAstudies.Heiswellknownforextracting,sequencing,andanalyzingancientDNAfromNeanderthalbones.PhysicsAlainAspect,JohnF.ClauserandAntonZeilinger'sworkinquantum(量子)technologylandedthemthesecondNobelPrizeannouncedin2022.AlthoughAspectisfromFrance,ClauserfromtheU.S.,andZeilingerfromAustria,thethreeseparatelyperformed“groundbreakingexperiments”asoneteam.“Theirresultshaveclearedthewayfornewtechnology,”themitteestated.ChemistryTheNobelPrizeinChemistrywenttoanothertrio(三人組),CarolynR.BertozzifromtheU.S.,MortenMeldalfromDenmarkandK.BarrySharplessfromtheU.S.“forthedevelopmentofclickchemistryandbioorthogonalchemistry,”themitteestated.Dr.Bertozziistheeighthwomanchemisttobeawardedtheprize,whileDr.SharplessisthefifthscientisttobeawardedtwoNobelPrizes.EconomicSciencesTheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswasawardedtothreeAmericaneconomists,BenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.DiamondandPhilipH.Dybvig“forresearchonbanksandfinancialcrises,”theNobelPrizemitteeannouncedonMonday.BystudyingthehistoryofAmericaneconomics,particularlytheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,theyimprovedhowweunderstandtheroleofbanksduringtimesofhardshipandthebank'simpactonsocietalfunctions.21.Whatprizeisrelatedtotheresearchonbones?A.PhysiologyorMedicine.B.Chemistry.C.Physics.D.EconomicSciences.22.ForwhatstudydidBenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.DiamondandPhilipH.Dybvigwintheprize?A.Aboutsocietalfunctions.B.AboutthehistoryofAmerica.C.Aboutbanksandfinancialcrises.D.AbouttheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.23.Whatdotheprizesinphysics,chemistryandeconomicscienceshaveinmon?A.Theirwinnersarefromdifferentcountries.B.Theyhavethreewinners.C.Theyimprovenewtechnology.D.Theyhelppeopleunderstandhardship.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestofthethreechildrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobeeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,sovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinChemicalEngineeringandaPhDinmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1930,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andin1933hebecameoneofthesixfulltimepeopleintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers).WorldWarⅡ(19311945)hugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.After1940,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedinputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergymission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway:“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”24.WhydidJohnvonNeumannalsolearnchemistry?A.Hisfatherdidn'ttrusthistalentformathematics.B.Hebelievedhecouldliveawealthylifelearningchemistry.C.Hisfatherworriedabouthisineasamathematician.D.Hehadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed.25.HowoldwasJohnvonNeumannwhenhepublishedhisfirstbook?A.25.B.26.C.29.D.32.26.HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A.Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B.Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C.Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D.Hewasnolongerinterestedinchemistry.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnvonNeumann?A.Intelligentandhumorous.B.Smartbutindecisive.C.Braveandcalm.D.Kindandeasygoing.CTheTanzanianwriterAbdulrazakGurnah,whoseexperienceofcrossingcontinentsandculturesplaysavitalroleinhisnovelsabouttheimpactofmigration(移居)onindividualsandsocieties,wonthe2021NobelPrizeinLiterature.Bornin1948ontheislandofZanzibar,AbdulrazakGurnahneverconsideredthepossibilitythathemightonedaybeawriter.“Itneveroccurredtome,”hesaidinaninterview.“Itwasn'tsomethingyoucouldsayasyouweregrowingup.”Heassumedhewouldbee“someonelikeanengineer”.In1964,aviolentuprising(暴動(dòng))forcedGurnahtofleetoEngland.Unhappy,poorandhomesick,hebegantowritedownthoughtsinhisdiaryandthenstoriesaboutotherpeople.Thosewritingsaswellasthehabitofwritinggaverisetohisfirstnovel,thenninemore.Inalmostallofhisworks,Gurnahhastriedtouncoverthewayinwhichcolonialism(殖民政策)haschangedeverythingintheworld,andpeoplewhoarelivingthroughitarestillprocessingthatexperienceandsomeofitswounds.“Thethingthatmotivatedthewholeexperienceofwritingformewasthisideaoflosingmyplaceintheworld,”hesaid.AndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelmitteeforLiterature,calledhimoneoftheworld'smostextraordinarypostcolonialwriters.HesaiditwascrucialthatGurnah'srootsareinZanzibar,aplacethathadpeoplefromdifferentcountries,andwasinfluencedbytheircultureslongbeforeglobalization.ItisofgreatsignificanceforAfricabornGurnahtobeawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,whichhasbeenoccupiedbyEuropeanandNorthAmericanwriterssinceitwasfoundedin1901.28.WhatdowelearnaboutAbdulrazakGurnahfromParagraph2?A.Heaimedtobeawriterwhileyoung.B.Hishabitofwritingcontributedtohiscareer.C.HefledawaytoEnglandforpoliticalreasons.D.Hisearlierstoriesweremainlyabouthomesickness.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“motivated”meaninParagraph3?A.Inspired.B.Persuaded.C.bined.D.Forecast.30.WhatisthereasonforGurnah'swinningtheNobelPrize?A.HeisaTanzanianwriter.B.Hesufferstoomuchallhislife.C.Hisrichexperienceandculturalbackgroundcount.D.Hisnovelsinvolvecolonialismandthepoorlifeofpeople.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AWorldwideNovelistRootedinTanzaniaB.TheDreamofBeingaPostcolonialWriterC.AbdulrazakGurnahWontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureD.TheInfluenceofMigrationonIndividualsandSocietiesDKenyahasbeenattheforefrontoftheglobalwaronplasticsince2017,whenofficialsoutlawedplasticbags.In2020,thegovernmentraisedthedemandwithabanonsingleuseplastic.Unfortunately,tonsofindustrialandconsumerplasticwastescontinuetogetpouredintolandfillsdaily.However,if29yearoldNzambiMateehasherway,theunsightlyplasticgarbagemountainwillsoonbetransformedintocolorfulbricks.Thematerialengineer'ssearchforaneffectivesolutiontocontrollingplasticpollutionbeganin2017,whenshesetupasmalllabinherbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakebricks.Shesays,“Iwantedtousemyeducationinappliedphysicsandmaterialengineeringtodosomethingaboutplasticwastepollution.ButIknewthesolutionhadtobepractical,sustainableandaffordable.Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”Herpany,GjengeMakers,nowhires112peopleandproducesover1,500bricksaday,whicharemadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcan'tbereprocessedorrecycled.Thecollectedplasticisobtaineddirectlyfromfactoriesorpickedbyhiredlocalsfromlandfillsandmixedwithsand,heatedatveryhightemperatures,andpressed(壓縮)intobricksthatvaryincolorandthickness.Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthantraditionalconcrete(混凝土的)bricks.Mostimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.MateeisrecognizedasoneoftheYoungChampionsoftheEarth2020—theUnitedNations'highestenvironmentalhonor.Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings,whichisfarfromdone.Shesays,“Themoreplasticwerecycle,themoreaffordablehousingweproduce...themoreemploymentwecreatefortheyouth.”32.WhichwordbestdescribestheKenyangovernment'smeasuresagainstplastic?A.Temporary.B.Effective.C.Fruitless.D.Unreliable.33.WhatdoweknowaboutMatee?A.Sheturnsknowledgeintoactualproducts.B.Herpanyisfundedbythegovernment.C.Sheproducesbrickmakingmachinerybyherself.D.Herbricksaremadefromrecyclableplasticwastes.34.What'sthegreateststrengthofMatee'sresultingproduct?A.Itslowcosts.B.Itswiderangeofuse.C.Itseconomicbenefit.D.Itsenvironmentalvalue.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Matee'sachievement.B.Matee'sgreaterambition.C.MultiplechallengesMateefaces.D.Innovativesolutionstoplasticwastes.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Regardlessofhowoldyouare,whereyoulive,orwhatyourcareergoalsare,yourfinalobjectivesinlifearelikelytobehappyandsuccessful.36.Itmeansfollowingyourpassions,livingpurposefully,andenjoyingthepresentmoment.Thefollowingmayhelpyou.

Livepurposefully.Inordertoachieveyourdreamsandbethepersonyouwanttobe,youwillhavetostartpayingattentiontoyouractions.Askyourself,“IswhatI'mdoinggoingtoleadmetowhereIwanttobeinlife?”Youmayfindyourselfconstantlyboredinyourfreetime,daydreamingaboutthefutureorpastorcountingdownuntilthedayends.37.

Identifyyourpassions.Beforeyoucanachievesuccess,youwillhavetodefinewhatsuccessmeanstoyou.38.Identifyingyourpassions,interests,andvalueswillhelpyousetgoalsandgiveyourlifeasenseofmeaning.Ifyouhavetroubleidentifyingthesethings,thenaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpyou.

39.Besuretoaddressbothshorttermandlongtermgoals.Youshouldtrytothinkbeyondfinancialandcareergoals,suchasrelationshipgoals,personalgoalsforbetteringyourself,thingsyouwouldliketoexperience,orthingsyouwanttolearn.Andthen,drawupatimelinethatsayswhenyouwanttoachieveeachpart.

Sticktoyourpromises.Planningisnotsufficientanditisalsovitaltokeepyourword.Ifyoutellsomeoneyouwilldosomething,doit.Similarly,don'ttellsomeoneyouwilldosomethingifyou'renotsureyoucan.40.Don'tpromiseanyonewhatyoucan'tdo.

A.YoushouldbehonestaboutyourlimitsB.TrytosetsomelongtermgoalsandreachthemC.TherearesometipsthatcanhelpyouachieveyourgoalsD.ItmaytakeseveralyearstorealizewhatyourpassionsareE.TrytospendyourfreetimedoingthingsthatyouenjoydoingF.MakealistofyourgoalsandwhatyoumightdotoachievethemG.Tobesuccessfulmeansmorethanjusthavingmoneyandmakingyourmark36.37.38.39.40.

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。FarmingandGardeningAgriculturehasalonghistoryinChina.Muchofthewisdom41byearlyChinesescientistsisstillusefultofarmersandgardenerstoday.OneofChina'searlyagriculturalscientistswasJiaSixie,wholivedinthesixthcenturyAD.Hespenthistimedoing42intoagriculture.Hecollectedinformation,didexperimentsandlearntfromthe43offarmers.

Around540AD,hewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Thebookisaboutbothfarmingand44.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing45:growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees,andkeepinganimals.JiaSixie'sbookisapracticalguidetofarming.Firstly,asafarmeryoushoulddothingsattherighttimeofyear.Ifyousowseedsand46youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeofyear,yourworkwillbelessandthe47willbebetter.The48ofthesoilisalsoveryimportant.Examinethesoilonyourfarm49.Iftheconditionofyoursoilisnotgood,youshouldimproveit.Beforesowingorplantingcrops,youmustcleanroughgroundand50weeds.Thebestharvestisreachedwhenfarmers51thecropsintheirfields.Forexample,donotplantwheat52inthesamefield.Butifyouplantsoyainafieldoneyearandwheatinthefieldthenextyear,youwill53goodcrops.Otherscientistssaidthatwheatshouldbeplantedwith54betweentheplants,butJiadidexperimentsand55thatplantingwheatclosetogetherwasbetter.

B.recoveredC.reportedD.repeatedB.researchC.experimentD.statisticsB.advantagesC.traditionD.experienceB.gardeningC.produceD.tradeB.objectivesC.subjectsD.eventsB.increaseC.growD.throwB.endingsC.hopesD.resultsB.situationC.conditionD.additionB.carefullyC.graduallyD.frequentlyB.disturbC.increaseD.reduceB.improveC.manageD.changeafteranotherB.hereandthereC.nowandthenD.yearafteryearB.collectC.harvestD.exportB.linesC.spaceD.balanceB.meantC.intendedD.decided第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhentheactionmovieWolfWarriorsⅡbrokeChina'sboxofficerecordsin2017,alessprominent(突出的)figureunexpectedlyleftastrong56(impress)ontheaudience—amilitaryscientist57(call)Dr.Chenwhodevelopedavaccine(疫苗)againstadeadlyvirusspreadingacrossAfrica.

In2015,arealmilitaryscientist,Dr.ChenWei,58(send)fromChinatoAfricatofightagainstthedeadlyEbolavirus.Theonlydifferencebetweenthetwofiguresis59therealDr.Chenisashe.

WhenSARSbrokeoutinChinain2003,Dr.Chenandherteamisolatedthevirusandidentifiedthecauseofthediseasewithoutdelay.60(luck),theeffortsdevotedbythempreventedabout14,000frontlinemedicalworkersfromgettinginfected.

AfterSARS,theforwardlookingwomanshiftedherattentiontoEbola61claimedover10,000livesworldwide.In2015,sheandherteamwenttoSierraLeoneandstartedtheirsecondphaseofclinicalexperiments.Throughtrialanderror,hervaccinehasprovensafeand62(effect),andbeenwidelyadministered(給予)tostaffassignedtohelppeopleinAfrica.

Dr.Chenhasspentmuchofhertime63(fight)againstlifethreateningviruses.“Wehavenochoicebut64(win),”shesaid.Andshemade65.

56.57.58.59.60.

61.62.63.64.65.

第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是中學(xué)生李華,你校正在舉辦以“我最喜愛(ài)的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家”為主題的征文活動(dòng),請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面要點(diǎn)提示,描述你所喜歡的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家,內(nèi)容包括:1.誰(shuí)是你最喜歡的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家;2.這位科學(xué)家對(duì)人類所做的貢獻(xiàn);3.你的感想或希望。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.開(kāi)頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。MyFavouriteAgriculturalScientistOfsomanyfamousscientistsallovertheworld,Iadmire

第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。PoorJacklosthissightattheageofsixafteracaraccident.Hewascorneredinhisdarkworld.Analreadyterriblelifelookedpletelyhopeless.Hismothertriedtoencouragehim,butnothingshesaidcouldhelphimatall.LaterJackdidnothingbutlieinbed,sighingallday.Hismotherfeltmiserable,tellinghimtolivewithhisdisability,workhardandchangehislifeonhisown.Shesaid,“Son,sinceyouhavelostyoursightandnothingcanchangethat,youhavetoacceptit.Therearethingsyoucan'tdo.Buttherearelotsofthingsyoucando.Youhaveacreativemind.Findsomethingyouenjoyandstickwithit,nomatterwhat.”Thefuturedidn'tseemtoobrightforablindchildfromthecountryside.Butasthisyoungboythoughtabouthismother'swords,aboutwhathereallywantedtodowithhislife,hedreamedofbeingastar.Soasachild,hewouldpracticeplayingthepianoandsingingeachdayfromthenon.Onceoneofhisclassmatesheardhimpracticingatschoolandtoldhim,“Youcan'tplaythepiano,andyoucan'tsingeither.Thesethingsaremeaninglessforyou.Youaredoomedtobealoser.”注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右。Thatclassmate'smentwaslikeasharpknife,cuttingJack'sheartintopieces.

Inhislife,hereceivedcountlessawardsforhismusic.