小升初語法專題講練第10講：形容詞

小升初語法第10講：形容詞知識點講解與考題精練（有答案）【考點解讀】小學(xué)階段已經(jīng)接觸過大量的形容詞，開始學(xué)習(xí)形容詞（adj.）和副詞(adv.)的用法及區(qū)別，特別是比較等級的表達(dá)方式。要初步掌握形容詞和副詞的區(qū)別，比較級最高級表達(dá)及運用，并且能夠在句子中熟練運用它們?！局R講解1】形容詞形容詞的主要用法形容詞是用來描述事物特征的詞,如事物的大小,形狀,顏色等;也可以用來陳述事物的狀態(tài)。主要修飾名詞和代詞。其句法作用如下：形容詞+名詞形容詞在修飾和描述名詞時要放在名詞前面ablackcar一輛黑色汽車aredapple一個蘋果sometalltrees一些大樹系動詞+形容詞系動詞包括be動詞和look,feel,taste,sound,get等感官動詞（在語法動詞具體講）形容詞除了放在名詞前對其進(jìn)行修飾外，還可以放在系動詞后說明主語的狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)系動詞（be動詞）+形容詞Lisaissmart.麗薩很聰明。Lisaistall.麗薩很高。Lisa’shairisbrown.麗薩的頭發(fā)是棕色。Theyaregoodatplayingchess.麗薩擅長下棋。持續(xù)系動詞+形容詞Healwayskeepssilentatthemeeting.他開會時總保持沉默。Theshopstaysopentilleighto’clock.商店開到八點。表象系動詞+形容詞Helookstired.他看起來很累。Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起來很傷心。感官動詞+形容詞Thescarffeelsverysoft.這條圍巾手感很軟。Thisflowersmellsnice.這朵花聞起來很香。變化系動詞+形容詞Theleavesturngreen.葉子變綠了。Theeggbecomesbigger.雞蛋變大了。動詞+賓語+形容詞，做賓語補足語：(make/keep/find…adj.)Robotscanmakehumanslazy.（humans是賓語，lazy作賓補）Whathesaidkeptmecalmerandcalmer.AllofusfindEnglishdifficult.形容詞或詞組，+句子/句子，+形容詞或詞組，做狀語Hearrivedhome,hungryandcold.數(shù)量+表示長、寬、高、深、年齡等形容詞（形容詞后置）twometerslong,tencentimeterswide,twentyfeetdeep,28yearsold.the+形容詞，表示一類人，:theold老人 theyoung年輕人therich富人thepoor窮人※以上的這些詞組表示的是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用原形。TherichoftenenjoytheirlifeinAmerica.形似副詞的形容詞—lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,silly，early,ugly.Sheisverylovelyandfriendly.Mygrandmotherlivesalone,butshe’sneverlonely.以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾物，以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人exciting-excited,boring-bored,interesting-interested,moving-moved,tiring-tired,relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened,disappointing-disappointed★★特殊的：pleasant令人愉快的人或物，pleased人感到滿意愉快的形容詞的常見句式（1）It’sadj.ofsb.todosth.表示“某人做某事…”用法：這一句型中，用的是描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞常見的有：nice-kind-good-polite,clever-foolish-lazy,careful-careless,right-wrong（2）It’sadj.forsb.todosth.表示“做某事對某人來說…”常用的形容詞有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting如：It’sdifficulttofinishthistaskbymyself.It’sdangerousforyoutoswimalonehere.【知識講解2】形容詞的比較級形容詞比較級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞大多數(shù)詞后加er或esttallsmalltallersmaller(the)tallest(the)smallest以字母e結(jié)尾的詞后加r或stnicefinenicerfiner(the)nicest(the)finest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫尾字母，再加er或estslimbigfatslimmerbiggerfatter(the)slimmest(the)biggest(the)fattest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，去掉y，再加ier或iestprettyeasyprettiereasier(the)prettiest(the)easiest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞的前面加more或mostbeautifulinterestingimportantmore/lessbeautifulmore/lessinterestingmore/lessimportant(the)most/leastbeautiful(the)most/leastinteresting(the)most/leastimportant不規(guī)則變化原形比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworeworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest★注意區(qū)別：farther只表示距離上“更遠(yuǎn)的”further引申義，指程度上“更進(jìn)一步的”。elder指“年長的”，常修飾人，用來表示出生順序的前后和年齡的長幼。常作定語，不可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。例：Theeldersistergaveherlittlesisteranapple.older指“年紀(jì)較大的，較老的，較舊的”，修飾人或物都行。既可作定語，也可作表語，可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。例如：Theoldermaninthephotoismygrandfather.Weworkinanolderbuilding.Yourbagisolderthanmine.【考題精練】寫出下列形容詞的反義詞。little__________ 2.full__________3.few__________ 4.near__________fat__________ 6.long__________7.dry__________ 8.old__________quick__________ 10.smooth__________11.happy__________ 12.early__________new__________ 14.hungry__________15.wrong__________ 16.same__________dark__________ 18.left__________ 19.poor__________20.hard__________easy__________ 22.free__________ 23.dirty__________ 24.large__________tall__________ 26.white__________ 27.cheap__________ 28.light__________單項選擇。()1.Don’tcrosstheroad,it’s______.A.nice B.early C.dangerous D.late()2.Whatcolouristhepanda?It’s______.A.red B.black C.white D.blackandwhite()3.Theappletreeisvery______.A.tall B.long C.high D.strong()4.Thecheeseinthebottlesmells______.A.nice B.soft C.white D.hard()5.Jenny’sbellistoo______.A.quite B.quiet C.strong D.tired()6.Thecaris______,butitisverynice.A.new B.big C.old D.cheap()7.--Isyourgrandma______?--Yes,sheis.A.pretty B.long C.handsome D.young()8.Thebabyissleeping.Pleasekeep______.A.quiet B.quite C.noise D.Noisy()9.Thereare______picturesonthewall.twonewpink B.twopinkandnewC.twopinknew D.twonewandpink()10.Don’tleavenow.Ihave______totellyou.A.nothingimportant B.importantanythingC.somethingimportant D.importantsomething用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。You’retoo__________(noise)!Bequiet!--HowisJanetoday?--Heisvery__________.--It’sreally__________news.(good)Mikeisan__________boy.(America)Springisa__________season.(beauty)Becareful!Theknifeis__________.(danger)Englishismy__________subject.Ilikeitbest.(favour)Takeanumbrella.Itisa__________day.(rain)寫出下列形容詞的副詞形式。1.unhappy__________ 2.early__________ 3.hard__________ 4.excited__________5.fast__________ 6.careful__________ 7.beautiful__________ 8.usual__________9.sure__________ 10.safe__________ 11.good________ 12.important__________13.busy__________ 14.cheap__________ 15.different__________16.polite__________17.late__________18.possible__________根據(jù)答句，填入特殊疑問詞。1.A:__________istheboyinblue? B:He’sMike.2.A:__________walletisit? B:It’smine.3.A:__________isthediary? B:It’sunderthechair.4.A:__________istheChristmasDay? B:It’sonthe25thofDecember.5.A:____________________aretheearphones? B:Theyare25Yuan.6.A:____________________isthehairdryer? B:It’sblue.7.A:____________________isittoday? B:It’sSunday.8.A:____________________wasityesterday? B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.9.A:____________________isitfromhere? B:It’sabouttwokilometersaway.10.A:____________________isyourcousin? B:He’s15yearsold.11.A:____________________doyouhavedinner? B:At6o’clock.12.A:____________________doesyourbrotherswim? B:Twiceaweek.13.A:____________________isthebag? B:It’s2kilograms.14.A:____________________isthedesk? B:It’s3meters.15.A:____________________didyoustayinAmerica?B:Fortwoyears.16.A:____________________willyoucomeback. B:Infiveminutes.在下列方框中選出合適的形容詞填空，使句子完整、正確。angrybigboringbusyfullcleanuglyexpen