考研英語（翻譯）模擬試卷2（共200題）

考研英語（翻譯）模擬試卷2（共9套）（共200題）考研英語（翻譯）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀9翻譯句子)(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants.Inhisreinterpretation,migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica.Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions.【F1】ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside;migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplyanaturalspillover.【F2】AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish—theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity.Secondly,Bailynholdsthat,contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks,therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity.Forexample,theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably.Bailyn'sthirdpropositionsuggesttwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants:onegroupcameasindenturedservants,anothercametoacquireland.Surprisingly,Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration.【F3】ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica.Atfirst,thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited;bythe1730's,however,Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans.Finally,Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem.HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo-Americanempire.ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery,asBailyndoes,devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue,asBailynclaims,thathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland.Butwhatofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland,wherethesettlerscreatedeffectivelaws,builtadistinguisheduniversity,andpublishedbooks?BailynmightrespondthatNewEnglandwasexceptional.However,theideasandinstitutionsdevelopedbyNewEnglandPuritanshadpowerfuleffectsonNorthAmericanculture.AlthoughBailyngoesontoapplyhisapproachtosomethousandsofindenturedservantswhomigratedjustpriortotherevolution,hefailstolinktheirexperiencewiththepoliticaldevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Evidencepresentedinhisworksuggestshowwemightmakesuchaconnection.TheseindenturedservantsweretreatedasslavesfortheperiodduringwhichtheyhadsoldtheirtimetoAmericanemployers.【F4】Itisnotsurprisingthatassoonastheyservedtheirtimetheypassedupgoodwagesinthecitiesandheadedwesttoensuretheirpersonalindependencebyacquiringland.【F5】Thus,itisinthewestthatapeculiarlyAmericanpoliticalculturebegan,amongcolonistswhoweresuspiciousofauthorityandintenselyanti-aristocratic.1、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：第一點(diǎn)斷言，近代早期的英國居民經(jīng)常在鄉(xiāng)下流動，因此后來他們遷移到新大陸僅僅是一種“自然外流”。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析2、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：雖然最初殖民地對英國人沒有多少正面的誘惑力——他們寧愿留在本土。到18世紀(jì)時，移往美洲的人數(shù)卻增加了，因為他們將那兒看作是充滿機(jī)遇的地方。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析3、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這些殖民地的企業(yè)主幫助那些來到前工業(yè)化北美社會的人確定其社會屬性。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析4、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：毫不奇怪，一旦他們服役期滿，就會放棄城市里的高薪而走向西部，通過獲得土地來保障個人獨(dú)立。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析5、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：因此，就在那些懷疑權(quán)威和強(qiáng)烈反對貴族統(tǒng)治的移民者之中，一種特殊的美國政治文化從西部開始萌芽了。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析【F1】Proponentsofdifferentjazzstyleshavealwaysarguedthattheirpredecessor'smusicalstyledidnotincludeessentialcharacteristicsthatdefinejazzasjazz.Thus,1940'sswingwasbelittledbybeboppersofthe1950'swhowerethemselvesattackedbyfreejazzesofthe1960's.Theneoboppersofthe1980'sand1990'sattackedalmosteverybodyelse.ThetitanicfigureofBlacksaxophonistJohnColtranehascomplicatedtheargumentsmadebyproponentsofstylesfrombebopthroughneobopbecauseinhisownmusicaljourneyhedrewfromallthosestyles.Hisinfluenceonalltypesofjazzwasimmeasurable.Attheheightofhispopularity,Coltranelargelyabandonedplayingbebop,thestylethathadbroughthimfame,toexploretheouterreachesofjazz.Coltranehimselfprobablybelievedthattheonlyessentialcharacteristicofjazzwasimprovisation,theoneconstantinhisjourneyfrombeboptoopen-endedimprovisationsonmodal,Indian,andAfricanmelodies.【F2】Ontheotherhand,thisdoggedstudentandprodigioustechnician—whoinsistedonspendinghourseachdaypracticingscalesfromtheorybooks—wasneverabletojettisoncompletelytheinfluenceofbebop,withitsfastandelaboratechainsofnotesandornamentsonmelody.TwostylisticcharacteristicsshapedthewayColtraneplayedthetenorsaxophone:hefavoredplayingfastrunsofnotesbuiltonamelodyanddependedonheavy,regularlyaccentedbeats.【F3】ThefirstledColtranetosheetsofsoundwhereheracedfasterandfaster,pile-drivingnotesintoeachothertosuggeststackedharmonies;thesecondmeantthathissenseofrhythmwasalmostasclosetorockastobebop.ThreerecordingsillustrateColtrane'senergizingexplorations.RecordingKindofBluewithMilesDavis,Coltranefoundhimselfoutsidebop,exploringmodalmelodies.Hereheplayedsurging,lengthysolosbuiltlargelyaroundrepeatedmotifs—anorganizingprincipleunlikethatoffreejazzsaxophoneplayerOrnetteColeman,whomodulatedoralteredmelodiesinhissolos.OnGiantSteps,Coltranedebutedasleader,introducinghisowncompositions.【F4】Herethesheetsofsound,downbeataccents,repetitions,andgreatspeedarepartofeachsolo,andthevarietyoftheshapesofhisphrasesisunique.Coltrane'ssearchingexplorationsproducedsolidachievement.MyFavoriteThingswasanotherkindofwatershed.HereColtraneplayedthesopranosaxophone,aninstrumentseldomusedbyjazzmusicians.Musically,theresultswereastounding.【F5】Withthesoprano'spipingsound,ideasthathadsoundeddarkandbroodingacquiredafeelingofgiddyfantasy.6、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：不同爵士樂風(fēng)格的支持者一貫認(rèn)為他們前輩的音樂風(fēng)格沒有包括那些使爵士樂之所以成為爵士樂的本質(zhì)特征。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析7、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：另一方面，這個頑強(qiáng)的學(xué)生和異常的技巧家每天花幾個小時用來練習(xí)理論書籍上的曲譜，從未能完全拋棄比波普的影響，在他的旋律中可以找到帶有比波普特點(diǎn)的快速和精細(xì)的音符以及修飾效果。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析8、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：前者引導(dǎo)科爾特蘭尼走向“片狀聲響”的境界，在那里科爾特蘭尼的演奏越來越快，將音符成堆互相累放起來以表達(dá)一種堆疊起來的和諧感；而后者意味著，他的節(jié)奏感之接近于搖滾樂幾乎就像其接近于比波普風(fēng)格一樣。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析9、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：在這中間，“片狀聲響”、強(qiáng)拍重音、重復(fù)回旋和極快的速度組成了每一段獨(dú)奏的各個部分，各樂章形式的多樣性是獨(dú)一無二的。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析10、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：伴隨著高音薩克斯管的尖音，那些顯得昏暗及帶有沉思意味的主題有了一種令人眼花繚亂的夢幻感覺。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析【F1】RogerRosenblatt'sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle'srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackfictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.【F2】Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt'sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackfictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackfiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthanthefacialidentityoftheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthors?Second,howdoesBlackfictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneous?RosenblattshowsthatBlackfictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlackoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.【F3】Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlywhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt'sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity;heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks—yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaesthetic?【F4】Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanToomer'sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?Inspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.【F5】BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson'sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.11、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：羅杰·羅森布萊特的著作《黑人小說》，試圖運(yùn)用文學(xué)的而不是社會政治的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來研究黑人小說，這成功地改變了大多數(shù)早先研究的方法。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析12、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：雖然小說確實(shí)是源于政治環(huán)境，但作者反映這些環(huán)境的方法是非意識形態(tài)的，如把小說和故事的討論作為意識形態(tài)的工具，則會忽視許多小說的成就。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析13、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這些結(jié)構(gòu)與主題相關(guān)，并不讓人感到驚奇的是，它們源于這樣一個中心事實(shí)，即小說中的黑人生存在一個由白人文化支配的環(huán)境中，不管他們試圖迎合這一文化還是反叛這一文化。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析14、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：另外，像金·圖莫的《手杖》那樣的黑人小說風(fēng)格，近于表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；難道這個技巧只是用更自然主義的表現(xiàn)方式為表達(dá)流行的黑人英勇反抗命運(yùn)的主題提供一個對應(yīng)物嗎?知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析15、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：《黑人小說》廣泛地考察了各類小說，在此過程中我們的注意力被吸引到一些引人入勝但鮮為人知的作品上，如詹姆士·威爾頓·約翰遜的《一個曾是有色人的自傳》。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析TheinclusionofallchildrenandyouthispartofageneralintegrativetrendthathasacceleratedsinceWorldWarII.Itrelatestosomenewerdevelopmentsaswell.Concernfortheearth'sendangeredenvironmenthasbecomecentral,emphasizinginbothintellectualandsociallifetheneedforcooperationratherthancompetition,theimportanceofunderstandinginterrelationshipsoftheecosystem,andtheideathatecologycanbeusedasanorganizingconcept.Inadifferentvein,therapiddevelopmentofmicroelectronics,particularlytheuseofcomputersformultiplefunctionsineducation,goesforbeyondpossibilitiesofearliertechnologicaladvances.【F1】Althoughtechnologyisthoughtofbysomeasantagonistictohumanisticconcerns,othersarguethatitmakescommunicationandcomprehensionavailabletoawiderpopulationandencourages"systemthinking",bothultimatelyintegrativeeffects.Thepolarizationofopinionontechnology'seffectsandmostotherimportantissuesisaproblemineducationalpolicydetermination.【F2】Inadditiontothedifficultiesofgoverningincreasinglylargeanddiverseeducationsystems,aswellasthoseofmeetingthenever-endingdemandsofexpandingeducation,thechroniclackofconsensusmakesthesystemunabletorespondsatisfactorilytopubliccriticismandunabletoplanforsubstantivelong-rangedevelopment.【F3】Thepoliticalandadministrativeresponsessofarhavebeentoattendtoshort-runefficiencybyimprovingmanagementtechniquesandtoadoptpolarresponsestoaccommodatepolarcriticisms.Thus,communityandcommunityschoolshavebeenemphasizedalongwithcentralcontrolandstandardization,andinstitutionalalternativeshavebeenopened,whilethestructureofmaininstitutionshasbecomemorearticulated.Forexample,thefocusofattentionhasbeenplacedonthetransitionstages,whichearlierwerevirtuallyignored:fromhometoschoolfromprimarytosecondarytouppersecondary,fromschooltowork.Tertiaryinstitutionshavebeenreconceivedaspartofaunifiedlevel;testinghasbecomemoresophisticatedandcredentialshavebecomemoredifferentiatedeitherbycertificateorbytranscript.Alternativeteachingstrategieshavebeenencouragedintheory,butbasic,curriculumuniformityhaseffectivelyrestrictedthepracticeofnewmethods.Generaleducationisstillmainlyabstract,andsubjectmatter,thoughinternallymoredynamic,stillrestsonlanguage,mathematics,andscience.Therehasbeenanincreasingrelianceontheconstructionofsubjectmattertoguidethemethodofteaching.【F4】Teachersareentrustedwithagreatervarietyoftasks,buttheyarelesstrustedwithknowledge,leadingpoliticalauthoritiestocallforupgradingofteachertraining,teacherinservicetraining,andregularassessmentofteacherperformance.【F5】Recentreformeffortshavebeenfocusedonintegratinggeneralandvocationaleducationandonencouraginglifelongorrecurrenteducationtomeetchangingindividualandsocialneeds.Thus,notonlyhasthenumberofstudentsandinstitutionsincreased,asaresultofinclusionpolicies,butthescopeofeducationhasalsoexpanded.Thistremendousgrowth,however,hasraisednewquestionsabouttheproperfunctionsoftheschoolandtheeffectivenessforlife,work,orintellectualadvancementofpresentprogramsandmeansofinstruction.16、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：盡管技術(shù)被認(rèn)為不利于人文主義的關(guān)心，但是另一部分人認(rèn)為它使更多的人交流和了解，并鼓勵從最終綜合效應(yīng)的角度進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)思考。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析17、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：除越來越難管理的龐大復(fù)雜的教育體系，以及永遠(yuǎn)滿足不了的日益擴(kuò)大的教育需求外，缺乏共識使得該系統(tǒng)不能滿意地回答公眾的批評，也不能制定長期的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析18、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：政治和管理的響應(yīng)只限于短期效應(yīng)，通過改進(jìn)管理技術(shù)，對不同的批評采取不同的反應(yīng)。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析19、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：向老師委托大量的工作，但授予較少的知識，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門要求改進(jìn)教師的培訓(xùn)，改進(jìn)教師的在職培訓(xùn)以及對教師的教學(xué)進(jìn)行定期的評估。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析20、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：近來的改革措施的重點(diǎn)放在普通與職業(yè)教育，鼓勵終身或繼續(xù)教育，以滿足個人與社會的不斷增長的需要。知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析考研英語（翻譯）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀9翻譯句子)(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)1、Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這些預(yù)言在多大程度上被后來的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適用性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。知識點(diǎn)解析：How…performance為主語從句，dependsupon為謂語動詞。withwhich引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾skillandwisdom，which指skillandwisdom。在本句中it指代information這一詞。2、Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinductionanddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromNaturecertainnaturallaws,andthatoutofthese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：你們都多次聽說過，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，而且從某種意義上來說，他們依靠這種方法力求從自然界歸納出某些自然規(guī)律，然后根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種專長，建立起他們的理論。知識點(diǎn)解析：本句是一個由三個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句。it為形式賓語，代替三個真正的賓語從句，句中有許多介詞短語作狀語。3、ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandtheDepartmentofEducationtogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemwhichwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingwastedoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：我認(rèn)為時機(jī)已成熟。就業(yè)部和教育部應(yīng)同大學(xué)攜起手來，修正我們的教育制度，合理有效地利用學(xué)生的才能、勤奮和刻苦。而現(xiàn)在學(xué)生的這些才能和努力都浪費(fèi)在無人感興趣的證書、文憑和學(xué)位上。知識點(diǎn)解析：Itseemstomethat為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，that實(shí)際上引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。其中which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾system；being為分詞短語作定語修飾wealth；最后一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的三個名詞。4、Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：他們說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。知識點(diǎn)解析：本句屬于比較結(jié)構(gòu)，含有一個比較結(jié)構(gòu)notsomuch…as“與其說…不如說”。theysay為插入語。throughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgenius和becauseofmoreordinarythings為兩個狀語。likeimprovedtechniquesandtools為介詞短語作定語，修飾things。5、Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect,extremistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這類極端主義者認(rèn)為對待動物無須考慮道德問題，因為人與動物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同。知識點(diǎn)解析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語Arguing…作原因狀語，里面又有一個that從句作theview的同位語，逗號后面的that從句是一個賓語從句。6、Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：所謂方法論是指一般歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。知識點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句子框架是Thereisnoagreement。whether…or…引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是agreement的同位語。在這個同位語從句中，methodology后面跟著兩個并列謂語，即refersto…or(refers)to。peculiartohistoricalwork和appropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry都是形容詞短語，分別修飾concepts和researchtechniques。7、Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：在很大程度上由于女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動的緣故，近年來史學(xué)家們將大量的注意力投向更為準(zhǔn)確地確定婦女在各個歷史時期的地位。知識點(diǎn)解析：本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：介詞短語+主句；主句中有一個局部倒裝現(xiàn)象，即將moreaccurately提前。8、Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：由于人口猛增或因現(xiàn)代交通方式的便利而帶來的大量人口流動引發(fā)的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。知識點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于簡單句。句子框架是stressesmayoccurbecauseof…orproblemsarisingfrom…。arisingfrom“由…引起”，在句中作定語修飾problems。Additionalsocialstresses不必逐字翻譯，可轉(zhuǎn)譯成“對社會造成新的壓力”。themselves指massmigrationmovements。因此破折號后譯成“使這種流動相對容易”。9、Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：研究學(xué)者已經(jīng)證實(shí)，當(dāng)人們用腦時，大腦中會發(fā)生生化反應(yīng)，使其在注意力和記憶力這樣的認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域運(yùn)作效率更高。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Researchershaveestablishedthat…；第一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其中when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；第二個that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾changes，it指代brain。10、Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：區(qū)分有機(jī)體與其周圍環(huán)境，把作用于有機(jī)體的力分為內(nèi)在的和生物的與外在的和環(huán)境的，這似乎非常簡單。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Itseemssimpleenoughto…andto…；It為形式主語，兩個并列的動詞不定式短語作真正的主語；actingonanorganism是分詞短語作定語修飾forces；介詞into后接兩個并列成分thosethat…，that從句為定語從句；翻譯時可以先譯真正主語，后譯形式主語部分。11、Wethuseasilygetintogreatdifficultiesfromthenecessityofviewingculture,atonemoment,asapartofthemanand,atanothermoment,asapartoftheenvironment.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：有時，我們必須把文化看作人類的一部分，有時，則把它看作環(huán)境的一部分，因此很容易陷入困境。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Wegetintodifficultiesfrom…；viewing后接兩個并列的介詞短語as…，as…12、SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotoday’syoungpeople,itnaturallyfollowsthattoday’sEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：既然對英語水平下降的關(guān)注并不被看成是每一代都有的現(xiàn)象，而被看成是現(xiàn)在年輕人特有的新現(xiàn)象，很自然，接下來就是責(zé)備今天的英語教師沒有做好工作。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Since…(原因狀語從句)，itfollowsthat…(主句)；從句中not…butrather…意為“不是…而是…”；主句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。13、Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherpersonexceedinglyuncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：假如你違背常規(guī)，在電梯中盯著一個陌生人，你會令別人極不舒服，而你自己可能也覺得有點(diǎn)不自在。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主句：youwillmake…andyouarelikelytofeel…；從句是省略了if的條件狀語從句Shouldyoubreaktherule…，并導(dǎo)致主謂倒裝。14、Thequickadoptionoftheschememayhaveindicatedlessaboutthestatelawmakers’respectforworkingpeoplethanaboutafearofriskingtheiranger.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這一提議很快得到通過，(不是)與其說是出于國家立法者對勞動者的尊敬，(而是)不如說是因為害怕激起他們的憤怒。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Theadoptionmayhaveindicatedlessabout…thanabout…；句中比較結(jié)構(gòu)less…than…作動詞indicated的賓語。15、Weweremostimpressedbythefactthateventhosepatientswhowerenottoldoftheirseriousillnesswerequiteawareofitspotentialoutcome.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：給我們留下印象最深的是：即便沒有告訴那些病人他們的病情有多嚴(yán)重，他們也很清楚其可能的后果。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Wewereimpressedbythefactthat…；that從句為fact的同位語，其中who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾patients。16、Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：因此，世界上大多數(shù)冰箱并不在熱帶，雖然在那兒它們也許會被證明有用，而是在溫度適宜、從氣候上看幾乎不需要冰箱的富裕國家。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：mostofthe…fridgesaretobefound，notin…butin…；wheretheymightproveuseful是定語從句修飾tropics，wheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary是定語從句修飾wealthycountries，withmildtemperatures是介詞短語作定語修飾wealthycountries。17、Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironmentsharmfultoourselves.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：隨著機(jī)器人的智能提高到與人的智力匹敵的地步，再加上它們的制造費(fèi)用隨規(guī)模效益而下降，我們也許可以用機(jī)器人來開拓邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，其實(shí)首先是利用它們對環(huán)境的忍耐力，而那些環(huán)境對我們自己是有害的。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：As…andas…wemayusethemto…；兩個as引導(dǎo)的從句并列作狀語；firstonearththroughtheirabilityto…是介詞短語作狀語；harmfultoourselves形容詞短語作定語修飾environments。18、Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：此外，在過去20年中對洛杉磯的建設(shè)規(guī)定所作的修改加強(qiáng)了該城建筑和公路的抗震能力，使其抗震性更強(qiáng)。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干．．．．changes…h(huán)avestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingandhighways，…；madetotheconstructioncodes是過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾changes；makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，補(bǔ)充說明前面的句子。19、Forallthesereasons,readingnewspapersefficiently,whichmeansgettingwhatyouwantfromthemwithoutmissingthingsyouneedbutwithoutwastingtime,demandsskillandselfawarenessasyoumodifyandapplythetechniquesofreading.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：因為所有這些原因，有效率地閱讀報紙，也就是說從中得到你需要的信息而不浪費(fèi)時間，這就要求你改進(jìn)和應(yīng)用閱讀方法時既要有技巧又要有自覺性。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：readingnewspapers…demandsskillandself-wareness…；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句修飾前面的readingnewspapersefficiently；as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。20、Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：但是對許多人來說，窮人們能夠不依靠政府的幫助而養(yǎng)活自己，并且過得和依靠政府的救助時一樣好，這本身就是偉大的勝利。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：thefactthat…is…avictory；that…withit從句是：fact的同位語，其中有一個比較結(jié)構(gòu)aswell…as，it指代governmentaid。21、Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：美國人為他們的多樣化和個性而自豪，然而沒有什么比制服更讓他們喜愛與推崇的了——無論是電梯操作員的制服還是五星上將的制服。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Americansareproudof…，yet…，whether…；yet引導(dǎo)并列句，表轉(zhuǎn)折，其中few表示否定，“很少的”，“不多的”；whether引導(dǎo)狀語從句。22、Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：最后，別人會給予我們重要的支持，即經(jīng)濟(jì)的幫助、物質(zhì)資源和所需的服務(wù)——所有這些幫助我們解決和處理問題，從而減輕我們的壓力。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：otherpeoplemaygiveussupport…；破折號之間的部分是support的同位語；that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾support。23、Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：我沒有成為典型的成功學(xué)生，這是因為兼顧文科與工科并不像我在上高中時設(shè)想的那樣容易。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Therealitythat…isthat…；thathasblocked…是定語從句修飾reality；thatengineering…是表語從句，其中包括as…as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。24、Recyclingalsostimulatesthelocaleconomybycreatingjobsandtrimsthepollutioncontrolandenergycostsofindustriesthatmakerecycledproductsbygivingthemamorerefinedrawmaterial.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：回收利用也通過創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會刺激地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展并減少某些企業(yè)的污染和能源成本問題，這些企業(yè)可以用從回收品中提煉的原材料生產(chǎn)再生產(chǎn)品。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Recyclingstimulates…andtrims…；that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾industries。兩個by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作方式狀語。25、Thoughunemployedlongerwhenseekingwork,olderwomenjobhuntharder,holdajoblongerwithlessabsenteeism,performaswellorbetter,aremorereliable,andaremorewillingtolearnthanmenoryoungerwomen.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：盡管老年婦女找工作用時較長，但是她們擁有一份工作后會干得更久而且缺勤率較低，工作表現(xiàn)無異于男性或年輕女性，甚至還要好，并且更值得信賴，更好學(xué)。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：olderwomenjobhunt…，hold…，perform．．．，are…andare…；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，其中省略了theyare；主句中謂語由五個部分并列組成。26、Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly"cultural"aswellaslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnoti-dentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：關(guān)鍵是這三本辭典都有獨(dú)特的“文化”內(nèi)容和語言學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，雖說如此，它們在處理文化因素的方式上卻各不相同，這樣，要想直截了當(dāng)?shù)貙θ哌M(jìn)行比較就不是容易的事情。知識點(diǎn)解析：第一句主干：thefactisthat…；第二句主干：theway…isnot，identical；thatbeingsaid是分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作讓步狀語；inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾theway；making…difficult是分詞短語作狀語，其中difficult作賓補(bǔ)，betweenthethree作狀語，位置提前。27、Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：計算機(jī)解決問題和做出決策的能力顯示了它的最大潛力，同時，這種能力也為人們預(yù)測它對社會的影響帶來了最大的困難。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Itis…thatrepresents…andthatposes…。本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語thecapacityof…makingdecisions。28、Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：與其他違法者不一樣的是，計算機(jī)罪犯有時逃脫了懲罰，他們不但要求免于起訴，而且還要求給予好的推薦以及或許還有其他方面的好處。其他形式的違法者要么必須逃離到國外，要么畏罪自殺或者進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。知識點(diǎn)解析：主句為computercriminalsescapepunishment,…其前面為介詞短語帶一個非限定性定語從句一起作狀語，其后面為一分詞短語作伴隨狀語。其中notonlythat…butalsothat…引導(dǎo)兩個并列句，作demand的賓語。29、Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：重要的是，當(dāng)說話者想再次與聽眾進(jìn)行目光交流時，聽眾此刻要注視著說話者，否則，說話者會以為聽眾對自己的話不感興趣，因此他要么會停頓一下，直到目光重新再交流，要么就會結(jié)束談話。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：Itisimportantthat…：iftheyare…，thespeakassumesthat…andeither…or…。It為形式主語，thattheybe…為真正的主語；belookingat為虛擬語氣；whenthespeaker…為定語從句修飾moment;iftheyare…為條件狀語從句，主句為thespeakerassumesthat…。30、Thiseyeontheconsumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這種著眼于顧客的方法就稱之為營銷概念，簡單地說就是生產(chǎn)商和經(jīng)銷商不是旨在生產(chǎn)或出售最容易生產(chǎn)或轉(zhuǎn)賣的產(chǎn)品，而是首先努力獲悉顧客想買什么，然后再生產(chǎn)這些可用于購買的商品。知識點(diǎn)解析：句子主干：approachisknownas…；whichmeans…為非限定性定語從句修飾marketconcept；that…purchase為means的賓語從句，其中，從句中的主干為themakersandthedealersen—deavortofindout…考研英語（翻譯）模擬試卷第3套一、閱讀9翻譯句子)(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)【F1】Thevaluewhichsocietyplacesonworkhastraditionallybeencloselyassociatedwiththevalueofindividualismandasaresultithashadnegativeeffectsonthedevelopmentofsocialsecurity.Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefitsmustbesmalllestpeople'swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.Eventodaywithflatrateandearnings-relatedbenefits,thetotalamountofthebenefitmustalwaysbesmallerthantheperson'swagesforfearofmalingering."Thepurposeofsocialsecurity,"saidHuntfordreferringtoSweden'scomparativelygenerousbenefits,"istodispelneedwithoutcrossingthethresholdofprosperity."Second,socialsecuritybenefitsaregrantedunderconditionsdesigned