冰雪景觀建筑技術(shù)規(guī)程

·5.

Foreword

AccordingtotherequirementsofDocumentJianBiao[2013]No.169issuedbyMinistryofConstruction(MoC)——“NoticeonPrintingtheDevelopmentandRevisionPlanofNationalEngineeringConstructionStandardsin2014”.Thedraftingcommittee,afterconductingextensiveinvestigationandresearch,summarizingpracticalexperiencecarefully,referringtointernationalstandardandforeignadvancedstandard,hasrevisedthestandardonthebasisofsolicitingopinionsextensively.

Themaintechnicalcontentsofthestandardinclude:1.GeneralProvisions;2.TermsandSymbols;3.IceandSnowMaterialCalculationIndicators;4.DesignofIceandSnowLandscapeBuildings;5.ConstructionofIceandSnowLandscapeBuildings;6.ConstructionofPowerDistributionandIllumination;7.AcceptanceCheck;8.MaintenanceManagement.

Theprovisionsinboldtypeinthestandardarecompulsoryandmustbeimplementedstrictly. TheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaisresponsibleforthemanagementandinterpretationofthecompulsoryprovisionsofthestandard;

HarbinArchitecturalDesigningInstituteisresponsiblefortheexplanationofthespecifictechnicalprovisions.Foranycommentsandsuggestionsinthecourseofimplementation,pleasecontactHarbinArchitecturalDesigningInstitute(Address:No.117YouyiRoad,DaoliDistrict,Harbin,Postcode:150010).

ChiefEditorialUnits:

HarbinArchitecturalDesigningInstitute

HarbinWujianConstructionEngineeringCo.,Ltd.

JointEditorialUnits:

HarbinAcademyofSupervisionAssociation

HarbinUrbanandRuralConstructionCommitteeHarbinMunicipalSurveyandDesignAssociation

HarbinInstituteofTechnologyHarbinModernGroupCo.,Ltd.

ChinaConstructionEngineeringDesignGroupCorporation

HarbinSaiGeYinXiangDesignCompanyHarbinCulturalTourismGroupCo.,Ltd.

AcademyofUrban-RuralPlanningandDesign,SunYan-senUniversityHarbinZhongTaiEnterpriseManagementCo.,Ltd.

HeilongjiangCollegeofConstruction

MainDrafters:

HaoGang

ShenBaoyin

TangRongbinChenJiliang

LiuBaizhe

WangLisheng

WangDongtaoChengYan

CheXingbin

SunJingzhong

WeiFengpingWangWenyu

YangHongwci

CaoShcngxuan

PengJunqingMaXinwei

·6·

TaoChunhui

LiuRuiqiangZhangLiningQiYilin

ZhaoWeixiaPuWenzhengWuXiaosongYueQiang

MainExaminers:

WangGongshanHeZhendong

XiangWeiMaYan

EnglishTranslators:

MaXinweiHaoGang

EnglishReviser:

ZhaoZeyuan

SunYing

ZhangShoujian

HaoJia

LvMifengMaZhe

SuEnmingTianLichen

ZhuWeizhongShiJiaxiang

LvBin

GuoKeguang

WuYudan

LiuYangSuYikunShenKai

XiaQianming

YangFushuangGaoYang

JiangZhiping

WangTongjunWuGang

WuZhiguoDongChenmingChenXudongWangZijun

SunGuimin

YangShichangLiTao

LiXinze

WangJunpingHaoJiaPuWenzhengLiuXiaoping

MalcolmA.Perry(U.K)

·7·

Contents

1GeneralProvisions (1)

2TermsandSymbols (2)

2.1Terms (2)

2.2Symbols (3)

3IceandSnowMaterialCalculationIndicators (4)

3.1IceMaterials (4)

3.2SnowMaterials (5)

4DesignofIceandSnowLandscapeBuildings (8)

4.1GeneralRequirements (8)

4.2ScenicAreaPlanningandDesign (8)

4.3ArchitecturalDesign (9)

4.4StructuralDesignofIceMasonry (11)

4.5StructuralDesignofSnowConstruction (17)

4.6IluminationDesignofSnowandIceLandscapes (22)

4.7IntelligentizationDesign (28)

5ConstructionofIceandSnowLandscapeBuildings (29)

5.1GeneralRequirements (29)

5.2ConstructionSurvey (29)

5.3IcecollectingandSnow-making (30)

5.4FoundationConstructionofIceBuilding (30)

5.5ConstructionofIceMasonry (31)

5.6ConstructionofSteelStructureinIceMasonry (32)

5.7ConstructionofWateredIcescape (32)

5.8IceSculptureMaking (33)

5.9IceLanternMaking (33)

5.10SnowscapeBuildingConstruction (34)

5.11SnowSculptureMaking (34)

6ConstructionofPowerDistributionandllumination (36)

6.1ConstructionofPowerDistributionCable (36)

6.2IluminationConstruction (37)

7AcceptanceCheck (40)

7.1GeneralRequirements (40)

7.2AceptanceCheckofDominantItemsofIceMasonry (41)

7.3AceptanceCheckofGeneralItemsofIceMasonry (42)

7.4AceptanceCheckofDominantItemsofSnowMasonry (43)

7.5AceptanceCheckofGeneralItemsofSnowMasonry (44)

7.6AceptanceCheckofPowerDistributionandIlumination (44)

·8·

8MaintenanceManagement (46)

8.1Monitoring (46)

8.2Maintaining (46)

8.3Dismantling (47)

AppendixAInfluenceCoefficientsofBearingCapacityofIceMasonry (48)

AppendixBInfluenceCoefficientsofBearingCapacityofSnowMasonry (49)

AppendixCRecordsofEngineeringQualityAcceptance (50)

AppendixDDivisionWorksofIceandSnowLandscapeBuildings (57)

ExplanationofWordinginThisStandard (58)

ListofTheQuotedStandards (59)

·1·

1GeneralProvisions

1.0.1ThestandardBformulatedforthepurposeofimprovingthelevelofdesign,construction,inspection,maintenanceandmanagementoficeandsnowlandscapebuildingsandguaranteeingadvancedtechnology,safety,reliability,energyconservation,environmentalprotectiontoensuretheacceptableengineeringquality.

1.0.2ThestandardBapplicabletothedesign,construction,acceptance,maintenanceandmanagementoficeandsnowlandscapebuildingswithiceandsnowasthemainbuildingmaterials.1.0.3Thedesign,construction,acceptance,maintenanceandmanagementoficeandsnowlandscapeshallcomplywiththestandardandalsotheprovisionsofcurrentnationalstandard.

·2·

2TermsandSymbols

2.1Terms

2.1.1Iceandsnowlandscapebuildings

Therecreationalfacilitiesandartisticlandscapeswithiceandsnowartisticfeaturessuchasicelanterns,snowsculptures,icesculpturesandiceandsnowarchitectures.

2.1.2Naturalice

Theicethatisnaturallyformedinriversandlakesinlowtemperatureenvironment.

2.1.3Man-madeice

Theicethatisformedundertheartificialrefrigerationconditions.2.1.4Roughice

Naturalicethathasnotbeencutpurposefully.

2.1.5Icecollecting

Theprocessofusingmachinestocutapartthenaturalicewithcertainstandard,andobtainroughice.

2.1.6Icemasonry

Elementslikewallsandcolumnsusedforicelandscapebuildingsthataremadebylayingice

blocksbystandardandfreezingthemwithwater.

2.1.7Wateredicescape

Icescenerythatismadebymechanicallyormanuallysprayingwaterontheskeletonswithcertainshapesandfreezingthem.

2.1.8Iceflowers

Theicescapeinwhichplants,flowers,fruits,fishesorinsectsarefrozenbyputtingtheminamoldthatisfullofwater.

2.1.9Icesculpture

Asculpturethatismadeofice.

2.1.10Icelanterns

Theicescapewithartisticeffectsmadebycarvinghollowicemasonry,whichiscreatedbyinjectingwaterintomoldsorcontainersusingartificialrefrigerationandsubsequentlyputtinglightsintothelantern.

2.1.11Naturalsnow

Naturalsnoworperennialsnowsinnature.

2.1.12Man-madesnow

Tinyicecrystalsthataremadeofwaterusingspecialequipmentinalowtemperature,ortinyiceparticlesmadeoficeshatteredwithspecialequipment.

2.1.13Snowsculpture

Asculpturethatismadeofsnow.

2.1.14Roughsnowmasonry

Gcomctricshapcsofcompactcdsnowwithcertainstandardandstrength.

·3·

2.1.15Heightoficeorsnowsculpturebuildings

Theheightfromtheoutdoorgroundtothetopoficemasonriesorsnowmasonriesoficeandsnowlandscapebuildings.

2.2Symbols

2.2.1Materialperformance

faniceorsnowmasonry'sdesignvalueofcompressivestrength;faniceorsnowmasonry'sdesignvalueofaxialtensilestrength;fmanicemasonry'sdesignvalueofbendingtensilestrength;

fanicemasonryorsnowmasonry'sdesignvalueofshearingstrength;fwasnowmasonry'sdesignvalueofbendingtensilestrength.

2.2.2Actionsanditseffects

Mdesignvalueofcrosssectionbendingmoment;Ndesignvalueoftheaxialpressure;

N?designvalueofaxialforceinalocalcompressionarea;Ntdesignvalueofaxialtension;

Vthedesignvalueofcrosssectionshearingforce.

2.2.3Geometricparameters

Across-sectionalareaofamember;Arlocalcompressionarea;

Hheightofamember;

H?calculatedheightofawallorcolumn;

hthicknessofwallsorshortsidelengthofrectangularcolumns;Sspacingbetweentransversewalls;

Wsectionalresistancemomentofamember.

2.2.4Calculatingcoefficient

9theeffect-coefficientofbearingcapacity;

βratioofheighttosectionalthicknessofwallsorcolumns;

[β]permissibleratioofheighttosectionalthicknessofwallsorcolumns.

·4·

3IceandSnowMaterialCalculationIndicators

3.1IceMaterials

3.1.1Theultimatevaluesofcompressivestrength,tensilestrengthandshearingstrengthoficeshallfollowthoseshowninTable3.1.1.

Table3.1.1Theultimatevaluesofcompressivestrength,tensilestrength

andshearingstrengthofice(MPa)

StrengthType

IceBlockTemperatureGrading(℃)

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

Compressivestrength

2.790

3.090

3.510

4.050

4.710

5.490

Tensilestrength

0.108

0.109

0.111

0.114

0.119

0.125

Shearingstrength

0.360

0.450

0.550

0.640

0.740

0.830

3.1.2Thestandardvalucsofcomprcssivcstrcngth,tensilestrengthandshearingstrengthoficemasonriesshallfollowthoseshowninTable3.1.2.

Table3.1.2Thestandardvaluesofcompressivestrength,tensilestrength

andshearingstrengthoficemasonries(MPa)

StrengthType

-5

IceM-10

asonryTempera-15

tureGrading(℃-20

)

-25

-30

Compressivestrength

0.854

0.946

1.075

1.240

1.442

1.681

Tensilestrength

0.047

0.047

0.047

0.048

0.049

0.050

Shearingstrength

0.078

0.088

0.097

0.105

0.112

0.119

3.1.3Thedesignvaluesofcompressivestrength,axialtensilestrengthandshearingstrengthoficemasonriesshallfollowthoseshowninTable3.1.3.

Table3.1.3Thedesignvaluesofcompressivestrength,axialtensilestrength

andshearingstrengthoficemasonries(MPa)

StrengthType

Characteristicsofdamage

IceMasonryTemperatureGrading(℃)

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

Compressivestrength

Regularmasonrysection

0.475

0.526

0.597

0.689

0.801

0.934

Axialtensilestrength

Alongtheicemasonryanditssaw-toothjointsection

0.026

0.026

0.026

0.027

0.027

0.028

Shearingstrength

Alongthecontinuousseam

andthesaw-toothjointsection

0.043

0.049

0.054

0.058

0.062

0.066

Note:1Theregularmasonriesinthetablerefertothosemadebybondingsmallblockstogetherwithwater;

2Thebondingstrengthofthewaterbetweeniceblccksisthesameasthedesignvalueoficemasonriesatthesametemperature;

3Thestrengthdesignvalueofthebranchesofbattenedhollowicewallsshallbetakenbasedon90%ofthevalueinTable3.1.3.

3.1.4Thciccfrictioncocfficicnt,lincarcxpansioncoefficient,averagedensityandcoefficientof

·5·

heattransmissionoficeshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Theicefrictioncoefficient(μ)shallbe0.1;

2Thecoefficientoflinearexpansion(α)shallbe52.7×10-6/K;

3Theiceaveragedensity(p)shallbe920kg/m3;

4Theiceheattransmissioncoefficient(λ)shallbe2.30W/(m·K).

3.2SnowMaterials

3.2.1ThedensityvaluesofsnowmasonriesshallfollowthevaluesinTable3.2.1.

Table3.2.1Densityvaluesofsnowmasonries

SnowType

LooseCondition

MoldingPressure

0.05MPa

0.10MPa

0.15MPa

Man-madesnow

455kg/m

510kg/m3

530kg/m3

550kg/m3

Naturalsnow

190kg/m

350kg/m3

390kg/m3

410kg/m3

Note:Thedensityvaluesofthesnowmasonriesmoldedunderotherpressuresshallbeobtainedwithaninterpolationmethodbasedonthevaluesinthetable.

3.2.2Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueofcompressivestrengthofsnow

masonriesshallfollowthoseshowninTable3.2.2.

Table3.2.2Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueof

compressivestrengthofsnowmasonries(MPa)

SnowType

Density(kg/m3)

CategoryofValuesTakenforCompressiveStrength

TemperatureGrading

—10℃

—15℃

—20℃

—25℃

—30℃

Man-madesnow

510

Ultimatevalue

0.369

0.405

0.441

0.487

0.534

Normalvalue

0.199

0.218

0.238

0.263

0.288

Designvalue

0.105

0.115

0.125

0.138

0.151

530

Ultimatevalue

0.535

0.578

0.621

0.729

0.838

Normalvalue

0.289

0.312

0.335

0.393

0.452

Designvalue

0.152

0.1640.751

0.1760.801

0.2070.971

0.2381.142

550

Ultimatevalue

0.701

Normalvalue

0.378

0.405

0.432

0.524

0.616

Designvalue

0.199

0.213

0.227

0.276

0.324

Naturalsnow

350

Ultimatevalue

0.189

0.236

0.284

0.304

0.324

Normalvalue

0.102

0.128

0.153

0.164

0.175

Designvalue

0.054

0.067

0.081

0.086

0.092

390

Ultimatevalue

0.349

0.402

0.456

0.548

0.640

Normalvalue

0.188

0.217

0.246

0.295

0.345

Designvalue

0.099

0.114

0.129

0.156

0.182

410

Ultimatevalue

0.429

0.485

0.542

0.670

0.798

Normalvalue

0.231

0.262

0.292

0.361

0.430

Designvalue

0.122

0.138

0.154

0.190

0.226

3.2.3Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueofflexuralstrengthofsnowmasonriesshallfollowthoscinTablc3.2.3.

·6

Table3.2.3Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueof

flexuralstrengthofsnowmasonries(MPa)

SnowType

Density(kg/m3)

CategoryofValuesTakenforFlexuralStrength

TemperatureGrading

—10℃

—15℃

—20℃

—25℃

—30℃

Man-madesnow

510

Ultimatevalue

0.150

0.248

0.346

0.386

0.426

Normalvalue

0.076

0.125

0.175

0.196

0.216

Designvalue

0.040

0.066

0.092

0.103

0.114

530

Ultimatevalue

0.288

0.436

0.584

0.632

0.680

Normalvalue

0.146

0.221

0.296

0.320

0.345

Designvalue

0.077

0.116

0.156

0.169

0.181

550

Ultimatevalue

0.426

0.624

0.822

0.878

0.934

Normalvalue

0.216

0.316

0.416

0.445

0.473

Designvalue

0.113

0.166

0.219

0.234

0.249

Naturalsnow

350

Ultimatevalue

0.147

0.152

0.157

0.160

0.162

Normalvalue

0.074

0.077

0.080

0.081

0.082

Designvalue

0.039

0.041

0.042

0.043

0.043

390

Ultimatevalue

0.223

0.235

0.246

0.255

0.263

Normalvalue

0.113

0.119

0.125

0.129

0.133

Designvalue

0.059

0.063

0.066

0.068

0.070

410

Ultimatevalue

0.389

0.404

0.418

0.422

0.425

Normalvalue

0.197

0.204

0.212

0.213

0.215

Designvalue

0.104

0.108

0.111

0.112

0.113

3.2.4Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueofsplittingtensilestrengthofsnowmasonriesshallfollowthoseinTable3.2.4.

Table3.2.4Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueof

splittingtensilestrengthofsnowmasonries(MPa)

SnowType

Density(kg/m3)

CategoryofValuesTakenforSplittingTensileStrength

TemperatureGrading

—10℃

—15℃

—20℃

—25℃

—30℃

Man-madesnow

510

Ultimatevalue

0.093

0.106

0.113

0.120

0.121

Normalvalue

0.047

0.054

0.057

0.061

0.061

Designvalue

0.025

0.028

0.030

0.032

0.032

530

Ultimatevalue

0.146

0.160

0.170

0.182

0.185

Normalvalue

0.074

0.081

0.086

0.092

0.094

Designvalue

0.039

0.043

0.045

0.049

0.049

550

Ultimatevalue

0.194

0.205

0.216

0.228

0.231

Normalvalue

0.098

0.104

0.109

0.115

0.117

Designvalue

0.052

0.055

0.058

0.061

0.062

Naturalsnow

350

Ultimatevalue

0.066

0.071

0.076

0.079

0.081

Normalvalue

0.033

0.036

0.038

0.040

0.041

Designvalue

0.017

0.019

0.020

0.021

0.022

390

Ultimatevalue

0.102

0.108

0.111

0.115

0.118

Normalvalue

0.052

0.054

0.056

0.058

0.060

Designvalue

0.027

0.029

0.030

0.031

0.031

410

Ultimatevalue

0.149

0.162

0.170

0.177

0.183

Normalvalue

0.075

0.082

0.086

0.090

0.093

Designvalue

0.040

0.043

0.045

0.047

0.049

·7·

3.2.5Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueofshearingstrengthofsnowmasonriesshallfollowthoseinTable3.2.5.

Table3.2.5Theultimatevalue,normalvalueanddesignvalueof

shearingstrengthofsnowmasonries(MPa)

Snowtypes

Density(kg/m3)

CategoryofValuesTakenforShearingStrength

TemperatureGrading

—10℃

—15℃

—20℃

—25℃

—30℃

Man-madesnow

510

Ultimatevalue

0.268

0.336

0.404

0.472

0.540

Normalvalue

0.131

0.165

0.198

0.231

0.265

Designvalue

0.066

0.083

0.099

0.116

0.133

530

Ultimatevalue

0.362

0.439

0.515

0.587

0.659

Normalvalue

0.177

0.215

0.525

0.288

0.323

Designvalue

0.089

0.108

0.126

0.144

0.162

550

Ultimatevalue

0.515

0.573

0.630

0.688

0.745

Normalvalue

0.252

0.281

0.309

0.337

0.365

Designvalue

0.162

0.141

0.155

0.169

0.183

Naturalsnow

350

Ultimatevalue

0.068

0.070

0.072

0.081

0.089

Normalvalue

0.033

0.034

0.035

0.040

0.045

Designvalue

0.017

0.017

0.018

0.020

0.023

390

Ultimatevalue

0.145

0.164

0.183

0.190

0.196

Normalvalue

0.073

0.082

0.090

0.093

0.096

Designvalue

0.037

0.041

0.045

0.047

0.048

410

Ultimatevalue

0.179

0.190

0.200

0.211

0.221

Normalvalue

0.088

0.093

0.098

0.103

0.108

Designvalue

0.044

0.047

0.049

0.052

0.054

·8·

4DesignofIceandSnowLandscapeBuildings

4.1GeneralRequirements

4.1.1Thedesignoficeandsnowlandscapesshallfollowtheprinciplesofsafety,environmentalfriendliness,economyandartistry.

4.1.2Thedesignoficeandsnowlandscapebuildingsshallinclude:

1Overalldesignandspecialdesignofsupportingfacilitiessuchasroad.electricpower,

watersupplyanddrainage,communication,etc;

2Thedesignoftheiceandsnowlandscapesofarchitectureandartcategories;

3Thestructuraldesignoficeandsnowmasonries;

4Thedesignoficeandsnowlandscapeilluminating;

5Thedesignoficeandsnowactivities;

6Thedesignofsupportingfacilitiesfortheserviceofscenicspotsuchasmanagement,

business,sanitation,medicalandambulance;

7Individuallandscapelighting,powerdistribution,sounddesign.

4.1.3Thedyesformakingcolorediceandcoloredsnowshallbeenvironmentallyfriendlyandpollution-free.

4.1.4Watersupplyshallmeettheneedsofthewaterconsumptionoficemaking,snowmaking,construction,living,fire-fighting,etc.

4.1.5Thedesignoftheiceandsnowlandscapebuildingsshallmeettheneedsofmaterialutilization,equipmentmaintenance,constructionoperationsandtourists'activitiesundercoldconditions.

4.2ScenicAreaPlanningandDesign

4.2.1Thesiteselectionshallfollowthefollowingprovision:

1Thescenicareashallbereasonablyplannedandscientificallyandconvenientlysited,withfreshair,andnodustorsmokepollution,awayfromresidentialareas,withcomprehensiveconsiderationgiventosuchfactorsasclimate,geology,physiognomy,electricalpower,telecommunications,traffic,icesources,snowmaking,watersources,etc;

2Thescenicareashallbedesignedtomeettheexhibitivefunctionrequirements,withlargeparkinglotsavailable,andbeeasyforpeopletogatherandevacuate;

3Thesiteshallfacilitateconstructionandmeettheconstructionsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionrequirements.

4.2.2Theoverallplanningforthescenicareashalldefinetheplanningprogramsformajoritemsoroveralldesignthoughts.

4.2.3Theoverallplanningforthescenicareashalldefinefunctionaldivision,transportationsystem,tourroutes,auxiliaryprojectsandcorrespondingsigns.Theareaoccupiedbythescenicareashallbedeterminedbasedonnotlessthan10m2pertouristatpeakhours.Theiceandsnowconsumption,powcrconsumptionandinvcstmcntshallbeestimated.Theoverallplanningdesign

·9·

achievementsshallincludethescenicarealocationmap,thepresentsituationdiagram;theoverallplanningdiagram;theoveralleffectdrawing;thefunctionaldivisiondiagram;theexternaltransportorganizationplanningdiagram;scenicarea'sinternalroadtransportplanningdiagram,personnelevacuationorganization,icecollectionlocationandtransportroute,locationofwatersourceforicemakingandsnowmaking,overalllightingandlightingcoloranalysischartandtechnicalandeconomicindicators.

4.2.4Thedetaileddesignplanningforthescenicareaconstructionshall-accordingtotheoverallplan-determinethetheme,contentsofeachfunctionaldivision,andproposetheoriginality,position,amountofspaceoccupied,functionandtechnicaldesignrequirementsofeachiceandsnowlandscape.Thedetailedplanninganddesignresultshallincludethesubdivisionplanningdiagram,thedetailedscenicareaconstructiondrawings,divisioneffectdrawing,verticaldesigndrawing,visualanalysisdrawingofthescenicarea,tourroutemap,scenicarearecreationalactivitydiagram,servicefacilitiesandsignagesystemdiagram,illuminationdistributiondiagram,backgroundmusicdistributionmap,electricpowerdistributiondiagramandplanninginstructions.

4.2.5Consideringthetrafficflowandpeopleflowinpeaktourhoursandstaticanddynamictrafficorganization,thetrafficplanningshallproposeaplanforguidingpeopleflowdirectionandevacuation,aplanforvehicleparkingbycategoryandcanalizedtrafficorganizationandemergencyplanforpeopleandvehicleevacuationincaseofsuddenincidents,anddetermineroadwidth,parkinglotareaandtrafficsigns.

4.2.6Thescenicareashallbeequippedwithemergencysigns,withemergencyevacuationescapeandfireescapeplanned,emergencyplananddisasterreliefmeasurestaken.

4.2.7Thescenicareashallplanandreservechargingfacilitiesrequiredbyelectricvehicles.

4.3ArchitecturalDesign

4.3.1Designoficeandsnowlandscapesofarchitecturecategoryshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Thedesignshallguaranteethesafetyandfunctionsofallstructures;

2Theschemedesignshallincludehorizontaldrawing,verticaldrawing,sectionaldrawing,

effectdrawing,roughiceandsnowmasonrydrawing,lightingeffectsandtechnicalandeconomicalindicators;athree-dimensionalmodel,ifnecessary,shallbeestablishedforimportantlandscapebuildings;

3Theconstructiondrawingdesignshallincludeasiteplan,buildingconstructiondrawing,structureconstructiondrawing,illuminationpowerdistributiondrawing,andotherspecialitem,

specialdesignanddescription,materialandequipmentstatisticlistandrelatedsafetyandtechnicalmeasures:

4Theinsideofthemasonryofamassiveicelandscapebuildingcanbedesignedtobeholloworfilledwithroughiceorcrushedice,andthenwateredlayerbylayer.Thelayingthicknessofoutsideicewallblocksshallbedeterminedbycalculationandannotatedintheconstructiondrawing.

4.3.2Structuraldesignshallbedoneforaniceandsnowlandscapebuildingwhichhasaheightofmorethan10morallowstouriststogoinsideforactivitiesorhasloadexposedontop.

4.3.3Thciccstaircascshallgothroughanti-skidtreatment,withthewidthofthestepsnotless

than350mm,andheightnotmorethan150mm;thestairsshallleaninward,andtherelativeheightdifferenceshallnotexceed10mm.Theheightoficehandrailsoftheicestaircasesandplatformsshallnotbelessthan1200mm,andthethicknessshallnotbelessthan250mm,withanti-slipwarningsignsprovided.

4.3.4Theheightoficemasonrybuildingsshallnotexceed30m.Theheightofsnowmasonrybuildingsshallnotexceed20m.Theicemasonrybuildingwhoselengthexceeds30mshallpreferablyhaveexpansionjointswhosewidthisnotlessthan20mm.

4.3.5Themasonrystructureswhichtouristscandirectlytouchshallbetuckedormadeintoastaircasewhentheirverticalheightexceeds5m.Meanwhile,thefollowingrequirementsshallbeobserved:

1Measuresshallbetakenagainstoverturnandslippage;

2Thethicknessoficemasonriesshallnotbelessthan800mmandbeconstructedinlayers.Thecohesion-ratiooftheseamshallbenolessthan80%;

3Thethicknessofsnowmasonriesshallnotbelessthan900mmandshallbetampedinlayersaccordingtothedesigndensityvalue;

4Thedistancebetweentheverticalprojectionofthehighestmasonryoroverhangingpartandtheouteredgeofthelandscape'sfoundationshallbenolessthan600mm.

4.3.6Thedesignoficeandsnowlandscapesofartcategoryshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:

1Distinctthemesandobviousintentionandclearframework;

2Demonstrationinanexaggeratedwaywithaprominentoverallimage.Therelationshipbetweenthelocalpartandthesnowbuildingasawholemustbedistinctive;

3Theamountofspaceoccupiedshallbeproper.Arteffectsshallbeprominentwithgoodviewingeffectsundervariousilluminations.Theiceandsnowartisticlandscapesshallbeeasytocarve;

4Thegravityofworksshalloverlapwiththeformcenter.Incaseofgravitycenterdisplacement,stabilitytechnicalmeasuresthatcoordinatewiththeartisticeffectoftheworksshallbetaken.

4.3.7Themainsurfaceoficeandsnowsculpturesandcoloredicewallsshallbeopposite,fullyorpartially,tonaturallight(sunlight).Itshallnotdirectlyfacetheprevailingwinddirection.Thefrontelevationandthebackelevationofthesnowlandscapeshallavoiddirectsunlightwhenit'shigherthan15m.Ifnecessary,shelteringmeasuresshallbetaken.Foralargesnowlandscapebuilding,environmentallyfriendlyjellysunscreenshallbesprayedoverthesurfacefacingthesunlight.

4.3.8ThedesignofIceandsnowrecreationalactivityitemcategoryshallfollowthefollowingrequirements:

1Iftheheightoficeandsnowbuildingsforclimbingsurpasses5m,safetydevicesshallbeincorporated,andsecurity-testeddevicesshallbeavailable.Themaintenancedevicesforsafety