賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)總匯

/賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)總匯六、具體說(shuō)明：（一）副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Ifoundhiminyesterday.（二）常接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：keep,make,find等。如：Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.（三）常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：call,name,make,think等。如：Wecallthemmooncakes.（四）常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see,watch,hear,find,keep等。如：Inthecountry,wecanhearbirdssinging.（五）常接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：keep,find,leave等。如：Ileftmypenonmydeskathome.（六）不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.常接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish等；2.接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see,watch,hear,make,letadvise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,order,warn,cause等。如：Ioftenseehimplayfootball.Sheoftenasksmetohelpher.Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence.Pleaseremindmetoleaveherthisnote.Sherequestedhimtogowithher.3.用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾種說(shuō)明：①help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。如：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework.②在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式不帶to。有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省去了to，這些動(dòng)詞有：一感二聽(tīng)三讓四觀看。一感：feel二聽(tīng)：hear,listento三讓：let,have,make四觀看：observe,see,watch,lookat這類動(dòng)詞有：make,let,have等。轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后通常都用帶to的不定式(have沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。Whatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她讓他戒了煙。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就讓他干吧。

Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.雖然經(jīng)常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了3.掌握“使役動(dòng)詞have+賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞”的幾種含義在“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，have也可用get。這一結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下幾種含義：①意為“主語(yǔ)請(qǐng)別人做某事”。例如：Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去檢查眼睛。（“檢查”的動(dòng)作由醫(yī)生來(lái)進(jìn)行）②意為“主語(yǔ)遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測(cè)的事情”。例如：Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.當(dāng)心，否則會(huì)弄傷手的。③意為“使完成某事”，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語(yǔ)參與完成。例如：Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墻漆了。（主語(yǔ)自己可能參與）④動(dòng)詞不定式也可作一些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive.我正等著詹姆斯的到來(lái)。He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation.他已安排了一輛汽車去車站接他們。TheUNhascalledonbothsidestoobservetheceasefire.聯(lián)合國(guó)號(hào)召交戰(zhàn)雙方遵守?；饏f(xié)定。（七）分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。1.跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。例如：Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.由于十分吵鬧，講話人沒(méi)法讓人聽(tīng)到他的聲音。Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.他醒來(lái)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。2.幾種用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況說(shuō)明：①表示“意欲；命令”的動(dòng)詞，如like,want,wish,order等，可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。②感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等后，可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacarjustnow.剛才我看到一位老人被車撞倒了。③使役動(dòng)詞have,get,make,leave,keep等后可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Haveyougotyourfilmsdeveloped?你拿膠卷去沖洗了沒(méi)有？④“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞用作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語(yǔ)。例如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件）Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）V.+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)高考全解析“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的試題是高考試題中?？嫉闹R(shí)點(diǎn)，這里呢，我就高考常考的能跟接“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行著重講解，以幫助大家掌握這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)：一、“make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的用法“make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以由名詞、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式等來(lái)充當(dāng)，例如：(1)Agoodfriendissomeonewhomakesyouhappy.（形容詞作賓補(bǔ)）(2)Theymademerepeatthestory.（省to的動(dòng)詞不定式）(3)Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ))注：“make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中不用現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)。(4)Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.（名詞作賓補(bǔ)）注：職務(wù)名詞充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)時(shí)其前面不要加冠詞?！靖呖荚囶}鏈接】1.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_____inhislectures.(07江蘇卷)A．interestedB．interestingC．interestD．tointerest2.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_____aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwellB．feelinggoodC．feelwellD．feelgood答案：1.A2.D二、“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的用法“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”是高考試題中考查十分頻繁的結(jié)構(gòu)，“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補(bǔ)主要有形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等，在考題中常要求選擇賓補(bǔ)的形式，在選擇時(shí)賓補(bǔ)空間該使用什么形式，主要限決于賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞，此外，不定式作賓補(bǔ)要表示含義為將來(lái)的意味，例如：(1)WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,itwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.(賓語(yǔ)somanypeople與communicate是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))(2)Witheverythingheneededtobuy,hewentintothestore.(不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示將來(lái)的含義)(3)Witheverythingheneededbought,heleftthestore.(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表被動(dòng)表完成)(4)Withmykeylost,Icouldn’tentermyroom.(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ))(5)Withnothingtodo,Iwentoutforawalk.(不定式作賓補(bǔ))(6)Iwentoutwiththewindowopen.(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))另外，“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中還可由介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)，如：(1)Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.(2)Helefttheroomwiththelightstillon.【高考試題鏈接】1.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A．filledB．fillingC．tofillD．beingfilled2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______hegladlyacceptedit.A．finishedB．finishingC．havingfinishedD．wasfinished3.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthenoise______.(05北京)A．goingonB．goesonC．wentonD．togoon答案：1.B2.A3.A三、“have+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的用法在“have+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)用法中，充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的常用的有do，doing,done和adj，例如：(1)I’llhavemyhaircutthisafternoon.我今天下午要理發(fā)。(2)Iwon’thaveyousayingtoyourmotherthatway.(3)Herealizedthatshedidnotwishtohavehergowithhim.(4)IexpectAmywillhavetheteareadydirectly.注意：havesthdone的含義為“請(qǐng)別人來(lái)做某事或遭遇到某到情況”，例如：(1)Ihadthedoorpaintedlastweek.(2)Hehadhispocketpicked.(3)Shehadherwatchstolen.【高考試題鏈接】1.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_____inashortperiod.A．improvedB．improvingC．toimproveD．improve2.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—He_____,becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(07安徽卷)A．hasitfixedB．hadfixeditC．haditfixedD．fixedit3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit_____oftenenough.(05天津)A．explainingB．toexplainC．explainD．explained答案：1.A2.C3.D四、“find+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的用法“find+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以由現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以與不定式tobe等來(lái)充當(dāng)。分別舉例如下：（1）Youwillfinditaverydifficultbook.（2）Theyouthfounditahardproblemtothinkabout.（3）Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofboys.（4）Ihopetofindyouinbetterspiritswhenwemeetagain.（5）IfindtheChinesepeopletobehappyandcheerful.注意：find+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)這一結(jié)構(gòu)中通常不使用動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，即沒(méi)有“find+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)?！靖呖荚囶}鏈接】Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound____inthekitchen.(03全國(guó)卷)A．smokeB．smokingC．tosmokeD．smoked答案：B。五、“l(fā)eave+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的用法Leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足這一成分可以由過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、形容詞、介詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等來(lái)充當(dāng)，分述如下：1．由過(guò)去分詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：leavesth/sbdone，常用來(lái)表示賓語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。(1)PleaseexcusemeifIhaveleftanyofyourquestionsunanswered.(2)Hegotupslowlyleavingthelunchunfinished.(3)Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?△可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Hi！Mypatientcan’tbeleftunattached.2.由現(xiàn)在分詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：leavesb/sthdoing,常用來(lái)表示使某人或某物一直做某事：(1)Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.(2)Theywentofftogetherandleftmesittingthere.(3)Welefthimpaintingthegate.△可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Nowthetemplehasonlyitswallsleftstanding.Thepaperswereleftlyingaround.3.由形容詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：(1)You’dbetterleavethedrawing-roomdooropen.(2)Hisillnesshaslefthimweak.△可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Thewindowwasleftopen.4.由介詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：(1)Leavehiminp