閱讀理解專題推理判斷課件高三下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解

推理判斷--Zora考情分析年份2023年2022年2021年2020年卷名新高考1卷新高考II卷全國(guó)甲卷全國(guó)乙卷新高考1卷新高考2卷全國(guó)甲卷全國(guó)乙卷新高考1卷新高考2卷全國(guó)甲卷全國(guó)乙卷新高考1卷全國(guó)1卷全國(guó)2卷事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題569578898655887主旨大意題110111311222022推理判斷題775864345677544詞義猜測(cè)題111112111111212

占比大，與細(xì)節(jié)理解題持平，且呈現(xiàn)逐年上升的趨勢(shì)

說(shuō)明考試越來(lái)越注重考察學(xué)生的思維能力

此類題型要求考生在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)文中細(xì)節(jié)提示、語(yǔ)義邏輯關(guān)系、推測(cè)文章隱含的意思，即言外之意?？忌藴?zhǔn)確理解相關(guān)答題句，應(yīng)根據(jù)文中提供的已知事實(shí)為依據(jù)，做出合理的推斷。推斷題的某個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往涉及文中已知的正確信息，以此干擾學(xué)生。此類題目的答案通常不能從文中直接得出，必須為推斷所得，因此當(dāng)選項(xiàng)為文中明確指出的表面信息時(shí)，大都可馬上排除。1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖

4.推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象

5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)(1)偷換概念：使用了原文出現(xiàn)的詞匯或者句式。但不是本題的內(nèi)容。(2)擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：對(duì)于原文中的細(xì)節(jié)或論斷的某方面程度進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)大或縮小處理。原文中可能出現(xiàn)了almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語(yǔ)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容加以限制，干擾選項(xiàng)改變了原文范圍；(3)常識(shí)干擾：符合基本常識(shí)和我們對(duì)社會(huì)、生活等方面一些問(wèn)題的一般看法和認(rèn)識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(4)顛倒是非：涉及原文中提及的內(nèi)容或現(xiàn)象，但選項(xiàng)的意思與原文恰恰相反。(5)無(wú)中生有：憑空捏造原文不存在的細(xì)節(jié)，形成迷惑和干擾。(6)推理過(guò)頭：引申過(guò)度，使結(jié)論過(guò)于絕對(duì)化。1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖

4.推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象

5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)◆是"弦外之音°。是立足原文推斷出來(lái)的內(nèi)容，不是直接敘述的具體信息；◆沒(méi)有絕對(duì)概念的字眼，如only,never,allabsolutely

等。因?yàn)榈耐茢喑鰜?lái)的內(nèi)容，略有模糊成分，留有余地,通常含有usually,may,some,might,can,

possibly等詞匯.1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖

4.推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象

5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容第一章第二章細(xì)節(jié)推理推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度第三章第四章推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷上下文內(nèi)容第五章推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象細(xì)節(jié)推斷類設(shè)問(wèn)方式：1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

題干中常出現(xiàn)infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出結(jié)論），assume（假定，設(shè)想）等詞。主要設(shè)題方式有：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.2.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/implies/suggeststhat_____5.Whatthewriterreallymeansis_______.6.Whatdoweknowabout___________7.Whatwecanlearnfrom________技巧點(diǎn)撥：1).找到信息源2).忠實(shí)原文,但不是原文3).理解文章中直接陳述的觀點(diǎn)或描述的事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上,領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的結(jié)論，即根據(jù)作者提供的細(xì)節(jié)或例證，推斷出合理的結(jié)論?！馱hatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1A．Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B．Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C．Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D．She'sunabletomeetherschedule.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(選擇)，andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(長(zhǎng)曲棍球)club.tip:有中文提示的地方，要注意可能會(huì)在此處設(shè)題。Scientistsbelievetheworld'saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.Sofar,effortstocutemissions(排放)ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.●Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld'stemperatureA.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979. B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1900.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.

●Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Amonthlater,thegymisaghosttown.”inthesecondparagraph.？A.Itmeansthatpeopleareoutofforvocationamonthlater.B.Itmeansthatthegymisholdinga“ghost”party.C.Itmeansthatfewpeoplecaninsistongoingtothegymlongerthanamonth.D.Itmeansthatthegymiscloseddownafteramonth.Everyyear,likeclockwork,peoplemakeresolutionsforthemselvesthatareimpractical,vagueoroverlyambitious.IngymsacrosstheUnitedStates,themostpopulartimetosignupforgymmembershipsisjustafterNewYear'sDay.Amonthlater,thegymisaghosttown….計(jì)劃不切實(shí)際，空，過(guò)分雄心壯志很難執(zhí)行●WhatdoweknowaboutMazolenyA.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

（2019全國(guó)）Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”onafirst-namebasis直呼其名無(wú)中生有無(wú)中生有無(wú)中生有兩個(gè)座位的旁邊，安德魯?Mazoleny，一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)仉娨曚浵裰谱魅?正在酒吧吃午餐。他喜歡坐下來(lái)靜靜看他的或者跟酒吧老板聊天,如果他想有一個(gè)小互動(dòng)(交流)的想法，經(jīng)常直呼其名。他說(shuō):“我反思這一天是如何度過(guò)的，并思考這一周剩下的時(shí)間?！薄斑@是一個(gè)自我反省的機(jī)會(huì)，你帶著計(jì)劃重新開(kāi)始工作?！薄馱hatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDownerA.They'resociallyinactive.B.They'regoodattellingstories.C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.(全國(guó)III2016閱讀理解D）“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,"saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”WhileSolarFoodsdoesnotexpectSoleintochallengeconventionalproteinproductionmethodsinthenexttwodecades,itdoesexpectittobecomea“newharvest”forhumanity,whichissignificantconsideringsofarwehaveonlyreliedonplantsandanimalsforsustenance.TheHelsinki-basedcompanyplanstoopenitsfirstSoleinfactoryattheendof2021andscaleupproductiontotwobillionmealsperyearby2022.●WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphA.ThecompanythinksSoleinwouldhavearewardingfuture.B.Soleinissupposedtochallengetraditionalproteinproduction.C.ThereisstillalongwayforSoleintobeputintoproduction.D.HumanscancompletelyrelyonSoleintosurvive.過(guò)于絕對(duì)無(wú)中生有Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking,anumberofstudiesheshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities.Furthermore,itisclearthatmusiccangreatlyinfluenceouremotions.Personallysignificantmusicactivatesareasofthebrainassociatedwithpleasureandreward,thesameareasthatareactivatedbysexandgoodfood.

●Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that____________.

A.nodoubtmusiccanincreasepeople'sthinkingability.B.musicsimplygivespeoplepositiveemotions.C.onlymusiccangivepoplepurepleasureandreward.D.musichasagreatinfluenceonhumanbeings.偷換概念過(guò)于絕對(duì)(2020全國(guó)卷II)Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.●WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorganA.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.(2020全國(guó)卷III)Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.●WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactorsA.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally. D.Theywouldlosepopularity.(2021全國(guó)甲卷)Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.●WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserveA.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.(2020全國(guó)I卷)TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(隨筆)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.●WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeastA.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C.It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.(2023全國(guó)卷乙卷)Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptain

Cook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.●WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書(shū)的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。從英國(guó)的角度看，我們有科學(xué)報(bào)告和船長(zhǎng)對(duì)那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞角度來(lái)看，我們只有一個(gè)木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。可知，作者舉這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明船長(zhǎng)的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問(wèn)題。第一章第二章細(xì)節(jié)推理推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度第三章第四章推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷上下文內(nèi)容第五章推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度。這就要求考生在正確理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識(shí)別，關(guān)注作者對(duì)人物心理或者細(xì)節(jié)的描寫(xiě)，對(duì)文章所交代的人或者事情進(jìn)行評(píng)判。主要設(shè)題方式有:1.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomethingis__________2.Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat__________3.What'stheauthor'sopinionon…4.Thewriterthoughtthat______.5.Thewriterofthetexthasa_______attitudetowardsdangeroussports.6.Whatis________’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribe…..8.….whichwouldtheauthoragreewith觀點(diǎn)/態(tài)度推斷設(shè)問(wèn)方式：2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。positiveapprovingoptimisticfavorablesupportivehopefulneutralcautiousobjectivesubjectiveuninterestedunclear

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷pessimisticindifferentdisappointedcontradictorydoubtful/skeptical/suspiciouscriticalsarcastic/ironicnegativedisapproving積極的，肯定的贊成的樂(lè)觀的贊成的支持的有希望的中立的謹(jǐn)慎的客觀的主觀的不感興趣的批判的；批評(píng)的諷刺的消極的不贊成的消極的懷疑的漠不關(guān)心的失望的反對(duì)的不清楚的(2021全國(guó)甲卷)PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).……..Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogrammeA.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.(2020新高考卷)ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistanA.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.這本書(shū)讓我們對(duì)烏茲別克斯坦的生活有一個(gè)大致了解，書(shū)中有友好和溫暖的畫(huà)面，但也有社會(huì)的陰暗面。在撒馬爾罕，比塞爾先生欣賞著那里的建筑奇觀，而在前往布哈拉的途中，他在涉嫌毒品交易時(shí)嘗到了警察(執(zhí)法)的滋味。在費(fèi)爾干納，他參加了一場(chǎng)高山葬禮，隨后是一場(chǎng)奇怪的酒會(huì)。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在離海數(shù)英里的漁船感到悲傷。(2020全國(guó)III卷)Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommenditYes,IthinkIwould.”●WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-lawA.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.(2021全國(guó)I卷)

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.●Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligenceA.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解讀)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.●WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinersbookA.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖銳的書(shū)，它以其表面上的簡(jiǎn)單吸引著讀者，并逐漸將他們拉進(jìn)對(duì)欲望、孤獨(dú)和衰老的深層思考中。(2023全國(guó)乙卷)OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.●HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLakeA.Amusing. B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.盡管如此，回顧這些照片，它們?nèi)匀皇俏易詈玫囊恍┱掌?，如果我能明智地?zhǔn)備和管理我的時(shí)間，它們本可以拍得更好。(2023全國(guó)乙卷)It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.●WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTVA.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.正是由于電視上的這些大廚，而不是憑借廣告宣傳活動(dòng)，英國(guó)人正在遠(yuǎn)離“一肉兩菜”和速食餐，而變得更加愿意探索新的烹飪習(xí)慣。(2023全國(guó)I卷)Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirmindsThishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.●Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studiesA.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。tip:在although/though/eventhough這些詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句往往才是作者真正想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。(2023全國(guó)II卷)Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogramA.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.她拓展資料說(shuō)，該計(jì)劃的好處不僅僅是營(yíng)養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開(kāi)始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問(wèn)題?！八麄冏吡顺鋈?，”她說(shuō)，“他們覺(jué)得成功。”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學(xué)生回家開(kāi)創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對(duì)有情緒控制問(wèn)題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的?！馱hatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjarsA.Hedisapprovedofit. B.Hewasfavorabletoit.C.Hewastolerantofit. D.Hedidn’tcareaboutit.(2023浙江卷1月)Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.(2022年北京卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.●Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewithA.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.(2022北京卷)Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”…..CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaimsIdon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.●RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited同情的；支持的(2022天津卷)

Fortunately,asIgrewolder,therecameaturningpoint.Onedayawhitegirlcaughtmyeyeontheschoolbuswhenshesuddenlyturnedback.Tomyastonishment,shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo,anditwasinNovember!“Wow,”Iwhisperedtomyself,“thisisn’tagenetic(遺傳的)disorderafterall.It’sperfectlynormal.”Dayslater,mylifetookan-othertwist(轉(zhuǎn)折).Searchingtheinternetforstutteringcures,IaccidentallylearnedthatsuchfamouspeopleasIsaacNewtonandWinstonChurchillalsostuttered.Iwasgreatlyrelievedandthenanideasuddenlyhitme—ifI’msmart,Ishouldn’tallowmystutteringtostandbetweenmeandmysuccess.●HowdidtheauthorfeelonnoticingthesimilaritybetweenherandnegirlonthebusA.Blessedandproud.B.Confusedandafraid.C.Amazedandrelieved.D.Shockedandashamed.第一章第二章目錄細(xì)節(jié)推理推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度第三章第四章推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷上下文內(nèi)容第五章推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象寫(xiě)作意圖推斷要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖和寫(xiě)作手法。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。主要設(shè)題方式有：(1)考查整篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext/passage/articleThewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat__________Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫(xiě)作意圖Thefact...ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat___.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader寫(xiě)作意圖推斷設(shè)問(wèn)方式：3.推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖

(1)totellaninterestingexperience;toentertainreaders:

常見(jiàn)于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章；(2)tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience;topersuadereaders:這種主要是通過(guò)對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)﹑報(bào)刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節(jié)目等的介紹來(lái)達(dá)到寫(xiě)作目的:吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾

或者推銷產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)等；(3)toexplainsth;toinformreaders:多見(jiàn)于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會(huì)類的文章；(4)toprove/analyze/show/argue:常見(jiàn)于議論文--說(shuō)服讀者接受或贊同某

一觀點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)某種做法等從文體類別來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的3.推斷寫(xiě)作目的/意圖

(2023全國(guó)I卷)Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.●Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhouA.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.這些年來(lái)，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。(2023全國(guó)II卷)Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.●Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-readerA.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.tip:but,however,yet這些詞后面的句子往往是作者真正的意圖。(2023浙江卷1月)Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.●WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraphA.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.tip:在說(shuō)明文或者議論文中，往往第一句話是本段主題句，剩下的句子往往是支撐性例證，這類型題在設(shè)問(wèn)寫(xiě)作目的時(shí)，要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注主題句。(2022北京卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.●TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to________.A.illustrateanargument B.highlightanopinionC