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銜接點13名詞性從句(初高考點差異及銜接)初中要求初中主要學習賓語從句的用法。主語從句、表語從句接觸的比較少。高中要求在高中階段,我們將著重學習主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和補語從句。,以它的各種連接詞為學習主線,之后講述表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。賓語從句中,賓語從句與陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換是重點?!境踔忻~性從句考點聚焦】主語從句一、用適當?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞填空。1.______sheboughtsomanydictionariesisnotclear.=Itisnotclear_____sheboughtsomanydictionaries.不清楚她為什么買這么多字典。2.________hewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversitymadehisteachersandparentshappy.他考上了北大,這讓他的老師和父母很高興。3.It’sapity________youcan’tattendmybirthdayparty.很可惜你不能參加我的生日聚會。4._________wewillbuildanewhighschoolhasn’tbeendecided.我們是否要建新高中還沒決定呢。5.__________breaksthelawshouldbepunished.不管誰違法都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。表語從句1.Thetraditionalviewis___________wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that2.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_________Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how3.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat________youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where賓語從句1.Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereisthebanknearest B.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankis D.wherewasthebanknearest2.Mikewasnotlisteningcarefully,sohefailedtohear.A.whattheteachersaid B.howtheteachersaidC.whatdidtheteachersay D.howdidtheteachersay3.—CanIjoinyou?—Sure,wearediscussing______.A.whywelikethemovie B.whoshouldwegowithC.howcanwegetthere D.whenshallwegoforapicnic4.Thisbookwillshowyou________frombooksisputintopracticaluse.A.howyou’velearned B.howwhatyou’velearnedC.howthatyou’velearned D.thatyou’velearned5.—Mum,summerholidayiscoming.Iwonder.—HowaboutQinlingWildZoo?A.wherecanwego B.wherewecangoC.howwecango D.howwecango【高中名詞性從句考點聚焦】考綱解讀名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和補語從句。在高中階段,我們將著重學習前四種。本章從主語從句開始講解,以它的各種連接詞為學習主線,之后講述表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。賓語從句中,賓語從句與陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換是重點。典型例句:1.Itiscertainthathewillcome.他一定會來。(主語從句)2.Myideaisthatwe’llallgoexpectLily.我的想法是除了莉莉之外我們大家都去。(表語從句)3.Heaskedmewhether/ifshelivedhere.他問我她是否住在這兒。(賓語從句)4.I’venoideawherehehasgone.我不知道他到哪里去了。(同位語從句)考點清單一.主語從句在主從復(fù)合句中,作主語的是一個從句,這個從句就稱為主語從句。主句從句可以由連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo),且不能省略。另外,主句的動詞大多用be動詞或其他系動詞。常用來引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞連詞that,whether連接代詞what,whatever,who,whoever等連接副詞when,where,how,why等1.由連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句連詞that,whether引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中不作任何成分,不能省略。由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句,多用it作形式主語。①Thatshewasbeautifulwasplaintoeveryone.大家都能看出她很漂亮。主語從句②Itwasplaintoeveryonethatshewasbeautiful.形式主語真正主語(主語從句)說明:①中that是連詞,引導(dǎo)主語從句shewasbeautiful。that在主句從句中不作任何成分,也沒有詞義,that不能省略。由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句可改寫為由it作形式主語的句子②。①Whetherhe’llcome(ornot)hasn’tbeendecided.他是否會來,還沒定下來。主語從句謂語②Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhe’llcomeornot.形式主語真正主語(主語從句)③(誤)Ithasn’tbeendecidedifhe’llcome.(誤)Ifhe’llcomehasn’tbeendecided.說明:①中whether引導(dǎo)主語從句,whether在從句中不作任何成分,但有含義,意為“是否”,whether不能省略。此句中,因為主句的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),所以主語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。由whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句常可改寫為②,即一個由it作形式主語的句子。whether引導(dǎo)主語從句時,不能用if代替,所以③中的兩個句子都是錯誤的。Thatwomenhadnothadthesameopportunitiesasmeninmanyfieldsisobvious.主語從句顯然,過去在許多領(lǐng)域中,婦女沒有和男人享有同樣的機遇。Whethershecangetthatjobisstillunclear.她是否能得到那份工作尚不清楚。主語從句ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.(從句)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)(主句)一般現(xiàn)在時=ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.形式主語真正主語(主語從句)英語正在作為一種國際語言被接受,這是一個事實。Itismyfaultthatthishashappened.發(fā)生這事得怪我。形式主語真正主語(主語從句)2.由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句連接代詞who,which和what,連接副詞when,where,how和why以及復(fù)合連接代詞whatever,whoever等,復(fù)合連接副詞whenever,wherever等都可引導(dǎo)主語從句,它們分別在從句中擔任主語、賓語和狀語,不能省略。注意,翻譯時,不能把它們譯為疑問句。Whowilltakechargeofthetaskhasnotbeendecided.重要:who是連接代詞,引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中作主語,不能省略。翻譯時不能把它譯為疑問句。=Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowilltakechargeofthetask.誰來負責這項任務(wù)還沒有決定。Which(answer)isrightisn’tknowntous.=Itisn’tknowntouswhich(answer)isright.哪一個答案是對的我們還不知道。Whenwe’llstartisnotclear.=Itisnotclearwhenwe’llstart.我們何時出發(fā)還不清楚。Wherewe’llspendourholidayhasn’tbeendecided.我們要去哪里度假還沒決定。Howabookwillselldependsmuchonthereviewer.一本書的銷售在很大程度上取決于書評作者。(重要:how是連接副詞,在主語從句中作狀語,不能省略。)WhyhewenttoLondonisamystery.=ItismysteriouswhyhewenttoLondon.他為什么去倫敦是個謎。比較:由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句和疑問句不同,主語從句的語序是正常語序(陳述語序)。疑問句:Why(疑問副詞)didn’thecomehere?他為什么不來這兒?主語從句:Why(連接副詞)hedidn’tcomehereisnotknowntous.我們不知道為什么他沒來這兒。what引導(dǎo)的主語從句有時相當于“先行詞+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句”,表示一樣東西或一件事情。who,whom,which,what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞,和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句,ever起強調(diào)作用。由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句不能用形式主語it替代,它們在句子中作成分,不能省略,語序為陳述語序。Whathesaid(主語從句)wasperfectlytrue.what=thethingthat,在從句中作賓語,不能省略,為陳述語序,不能用疑問句語序“Whatdidhesay?”。=Thethingthathesaidwasperfectlytrue.(thething+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句)他講的都是事實。Whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme.whoever在從句中作主語,不能省略。=Anyonewholeavestheofficeshouldtellme.無論是誰離開辦公室都應(yīng)該告訴我。Whicheveryouwantisyours.你要哪一個,哪一個就是你的。whichever在從句中作賓語,不能省略,注意語序。WhateverIhaveisyours.我所有的一切都是你的。whatever在從句中作賓語,不能省略,注意語序。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接代詞無論是誰(主)whoever=anyonewho=nomatterwho無論是誰(賓)whomever=anyonewhom=nomatterwhom無論是誰的whosever=anyonewhose=nomatterwhose無論是哪個whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhich無論是什么whatever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat單句語法填空hegotthefirstprizeintheEnglishContestsurprisedallofus.2.theywouldsupportuswasaproblem.3.willtaketheplaceofMrLiasournewheadmasterhasn’tbeendecided.4.causedtheaccidenttohappenhasn’tbeenmadeclearyet.5.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.6.It’ssaidgovernmentworkersnowmake,onaverage,30%morethanprivatesectorworkers.7.wecangetintouchwithhimisthemostimportant.8.Ireadaboutitinsomebooksorother.Doesitmatteritwas?9.ItisnotclearMichaelwillgocampingontheweekend.10.ourbrainworksisbeingstudiedbythescientists.二.表語從句在主從復(fù)合句中,作表語的是一個從句,這個從句就稱為表語從句。表語從句可以由連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo),并且不能省略。常用來引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞連詞that,weather連接代詞what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等連接副詞when,where,how,why等Myopinionisthatthevillagerreallydidn’tunderstandthepoliceman.我認為那位村民確實沒有理解警察的意思。that在表語從句中不作成分,沒有詞義,不可省略,但在口語中有時可省略。That’swhatweshoulddo.這是我們的本分。what在表語從句中作賓語,不能省略,從句中的語序為陳述語序。Thequestionishowthetigergotoutofthecage.問題是老虎是怎么從籠子里出去的。how在表語從句中作狀語,不能省略,從句中的語序為陳述語序。Thatiswhytheydecidedtoholdameeting.這就是他們?yōu)槭裁礇Q定要開會的原因。ThisiswhereImetMaryforthefirsttime.這就是我第一次遇見瑪麗的地方。單句語法填空①Chinaisnolongersheusedtobe.②Thereasonwhyshewasabsentwas____shewasillthen.三.賓語從句在主從復(fù)合句中,作賓語的是一個從句,這個從句就稱為賓語從句。賓語從句與主語從句和表語從句一樣,使用連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞等引導(dǎo)。常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞連詞that,whether連接代詞what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等連接副詞when,where,how,why等1.賓語從句的種類賓語從句在句子中可以用作動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。1.動詞賓語從句Iwastold(that)Ihadtocutoutalcohol.我被告知必須戒酒。Idon’tknowwhether/ifthebanksareopen.我不知道銀行是否營業(yè)。Joewantedtoknowwhoboughthimthegift.喬想弄清楚是誰給他買的這個禮物。Maryaskedwhereshecouldfindthebiggestparkinthecity.瑪麗問這座城市最大的公園在哪兒。2.介詞賓語從句A.that只在expect,in和but等少數(shù)介詞后引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語。WeknownothingexpectthatJoeisfromAmerica.除了知道喬是來自美國之外,我們什么都不知道。Hedifferedfromotherpeopleinthathealwayslookedfurtheraheadinhiswork.他和別人不同的是他在工作中比別人都看得遠些。IcouldsaynothingbutthatIwassorry.我非常抱歉。(我除了說抱歉之外,沒什么可說的。)B.由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語。MyteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatIdid.我的老師對我所做的一切感到滿意。Whatweshouldtakewithusdependonwherewe’llstay.我們需要隨身帶什么東西,取決于我們將在什么地方停留。C.不及物動詞后跟介詞賓語從句。某些不及物動詞后邊如果跟賓語從句,常省去介詞。Idon’tcarewhetherheistheheadmasterornot.(省略介詞)我不在乎他是不是校長。重要:如果不及物動詞后跟名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式等作賓語,則介詞不能省略。Idon’tcareabouthim.我不在乎他。Iinsistthatyoushouldlearnasecondlanguage.(省略介詞)=Iinsistonyourlearningasecondlanguage.(不能省略介詞)我堅持讓你學第二語言。D.某些形容詞后跟介詞賓語從句。在表示知覺、感情等的形容詞如sure,afraid,glad,certain等之后,如果跟賓語從句,則省去介詞。I’mafraidthatI’llbelate.(省略介詞)恐怕我要遲到了。重要:如果形容詞后跟名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式等作賓語,則不能省略介詞。I’mafraidofbeinglate.我害怕遲到。I’msurethatwe’llwinthematch.(省略介詞)我確信我們會贏得這場比賽。Iamsurethathe’llwin.(省略介詞)=Iamsureofhiswinning.(不能省略介詞)我肯定他會贏。Heisgladthatyoupassedtheexam.(省略介詞)=Heisgladofyourpassingtheexam.(不能省略介詞)他為你能通過考試而高興。2.賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換1.陳述句與賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的步驟:步驟①:用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(that在從句中不擔當成分,本身沒有詞義,可以省略)步驟②:從句語序不變,仍是陳述語序。步驟③:從句時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)保持一致。步驟④:可用it代替that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作形式賓語。陳述句:Heislisteningtomusicintheroom.他正在屋子里聽音樂。賓語從句:Joesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicintheroom.喬說他正在屋子里聽音樂。說明:主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時,從句的時態(tài)為過去進行時。陳述句:Maryalwaysstudieshare.瑪麗總是努力學習。賓語從句:AllofusknowthatMaryalwaysstudieshard.我們所有的人都知道瑪麗總是努力學習。說明:主句如果是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的時態(tài)不變。Wethinkitquiterightthatallthepeopleoughttoobeythelaws.形式賓語真正的賓語所有人都應(yīng)遵守法律,我們認為這是非常正確的。TheytookitforgrantedthattheGreenshadgonetoAustralia.他們想當然地認為格林夫婦去澳大利亞了。Hemadeitcleartoallthepeoplethatheobjectedtotheplan.他讓所有人都明白,他反對這項計劃。Ithinkitnecessarythathedoesitagain.我想他有必要再做一次。2.一般疑問句與賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的步驟:步驟①:用whether或if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(它們在從句中不作任何成分,當“是否”講,不可省略)步驟②:從句語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。步驟③:從句時態(tài)要與主句時態(tài)保持一致。一般疑問句:Doessheworkintheoffice?她在這個辦公室工作嗎?賓語從句:Heaskedmewhether/ifsheworkedintheoffice.說明:主句的時態(tài)是過去式asked,賓語從句的時態(tài)也要改為過去時。=Heaskedmewhether/ifsheworkedinthisofficeornot.他問我她是否在這個辦公室工作。一般疑問句:Willthemoviestarcome?這個影星會來嗎?賓語從句:Idon’tknowwhether/ifthemoviestarwillcome.說明:主句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,賓語從句的時態(tài)不變。=Idon’tknowwhether/ifthemoviestarwillcomeornot.我不知道這位影星是否會來。一般疑問句:DidhestudyEnglish20yearsago?他20年前學英語嗎?賓語從句:MymotheraskedhimwhetherhehadstudiedEnglish20yearsbefore.說明:主句時態(tài)是一般過去時,賓語從句的時態(tài)由一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時。我母親問他,他20年前是否學英語。3.特殊疑問句與賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的步驟:步驟①:保留原來的疑問詞(這些疑問詞形式不變,但它們的語法功能變了,換作連接代詞或連接副詞,它們在賓語從句中作成分,不可以省略)。步驟②:從句語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。步驟③:從句時態(tài)要與主句時態(tài)保持一致。特殊疑問句:WhatdoesJoedo?喬是做什么的?賓語從句:IwonderwhatJoedoes.我想知道喬是做什么的。說明:what由原來特殊疑問句中的疑問代詞變?yōu)檫B接代詞,它把主句和賓語從句連接起來,同時,他在賓語從句中作動詞does的賓語,不能省略。語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。因為主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,所以從句的時態(tài)保持不變。特殊疑問句:Whydidhecomehomesolateyesterday?他昨天為什么回家那么晚?賓語從句:Sheaskedmewhyhehadcomehomesolatethedaybefore.她問我,他前一天為什么回家那么晚。說明:why由特殊疑問句中的疑問副詞變?yōu)檫B接副詞,它引導(dǎo)了賓語從句,同時在賓語從句中作狀語,不能省略。語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。因為主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時態(tài),所以從句的時態(tài)也由一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時。特殊疑問句:WhenwouldMr.Greenbeallowedtogohome?格林先生什么時候被允許回家?賓語從句:JoeaskedwhenMr.Greenwouldbeallowedtogohome.喬問什么時候可以允許格林先生回家。特殊疑問句:Whatcantheydotohelpus?他們能做什么來幫助我們?賓語從句:Wewanttoknowwhattheycandotohelpus.我們想知道他們能做些什么來幫助我們。特殊疑問句:Howdidhecome?他怎么來的?賓語從句:Doyourememberhowhecame?你還記得他怎么來的嗎?3.使用賓語從句需注意的事項1.賓語從句的時態(tài)賓語從句和其他名詞性從句不同,時態(tài)會受到主句的限制,尤其是主句為一般過去時時。A.當主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時當主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時)時,賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定(可以是任意時態(tài))。Joesayshehasreadthebookthatday.喬說他那天看了這本書了。MarysaysSusanwenttoShanghaithedaybefore.瑪麗說蘇珊前一天去了上海。B.當主句是過去時態(tài)時當主句是過去時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時)時,賓語從句的時態(tài)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時和過去完成時)。Ibelievedwhatshetoldme.我相信她和我說的話。Mr.Whitetoldmethathehadgonetherebytrain.懷特先生告訴我他是坐火車去那兒的。2.主句是Idon’tthink...的賓語從句主句是Idon’tthink...的主從復(fù)合句的意思是“我認為……不……”。它在英語中已成為固定句型,即否定的形式在主句,而否定的信息焦點卻在從句。類似的句型還有:Idon’timagine...,Idon’tbelieve...,Idon’tsuppose...等。Idon’tthinkyouareright.我認為你不對。重要:主句的主語必須是第一人稱I或we時,才能用這樣的句型(否定形式在主句,而否定的信息焦點卻在從句)。Idon’tthinkhe’llgo,willhe?我認為他不會走,不是嗎?Idon’tthinkyoucandothat,canyou?我認為你不會干那件事,不是嗎?Idon’tthinkheislazy,ishe?我認為他不懶,不是嗎?注意:注意該固定句型中反意疑問句的用法。3.連詞that的省略that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以省略,但在連接詞and或but所連接的兩個作賓語的that從句中,第一個賓語從句中的that可以省略,第二個不能省略。Hesaid(that)hehasworkedfornearlytenyearsandthathewantedtogohome.他說他已在這兒工作近10年了,并說他想回家了。Thelittlegirltoldme(that)shedidn’tliketoytrains,andthatshelikedbarbiedollsverymuch.這個小女孩告訴我,她不喜歡玩具火車,并且告訴我她非常喜歡芭比娃娃。4.當主句謂語為doubt和benotsure時句型:Idoubtwhether/if...(我懷疑……是否……)Idon’tdoubtthat...(我毫不懷疑……)Idoubtwhetherhecanswim.我懷疑他是否會游泳。Idon’tdoubtthathecanswim.我毫不懷疑他會游泳。Doyoudoubtthathecanswim?你懷疑他會游泳嗎?說明:當謂語含有詢問或懷疑之意,如doubt(懷疑),notsure(不確定)時,應(yīng)用whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。而donotdoubt/believe和疑問句中的doubt,則用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。句型:I’mnotsure+whether/if...(我不確定……是否……)I’msure+that...(我相信……)I’mnotsurewhether/ifthenewsistrue.我不能肯定這消息是否確切。I’mnotsurewhether/ifhecanswim.我不確定他是否會游泳。I’msurethathecandoitwell.我相信他會把這件事做好的。5.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣insist表示“堅持”和suggest表示“建議”時,它們后面可跟使用虛擬語氣的賓語從句。【請參照(虛擬語氣)進行學習】單句語法填空/補全句子①Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessoncouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.②Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethantheygo.③I’mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.④Thescientistscansetthefibers’arrangementandspacing,whichdeterminestheman-mademeatendsupmorelikeaburgerorasteak.⑤Ihisdecisioniswiseinreality.實際上,我覺得他的決定并不明智。⑥Shedemanded.她要求我們應(yīng)當立即出發(fā)。四.同位語從句在主從復(fù)合句中,作同位語的是一個從句,則這個句子就稱為同位語從句。同位語從句由連詞that和whether、關(guān)系代詞who和what或關(guān)系副詞why和how等引導(dǎo)。連詞that在同位語從句中不擔任任何成分,也沒有詞義,但是不能省略。從意思上來講,同位語從句所表達的意思,就是與之同位的名詞所表達的意思。與從句同位的名詞通常是表示事實等的抽象名詞answer回答belief信念doubt懷疑fact事實hope希望idea想法news消息order命令question問題reply回答thought想法rumour謠言注意:具體名詞,如pen,book等之后不能跟同位語從句。Theideathatweinvitedhimyesterdayisquitegood.昨天我們邀請了他,這個主意真是太好了。Thequestionwhetherwe’llgotoseethefilmnextMondayhasn’tbeensettled.說明:whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句,有詞義,不作成分,不能省略,也不能用if來代替。下周一我們是否去看那部電影還未決定。Hisquestionwhytheskyisblueisdifficulttoanswer.他問為什么天是藍的,這令人很難回答。Therumourthatthere’llbeanearthquakesoonspreadalloverthearea.(同位語從句)說明:that引導(dǎo)的從句是抽象名詞rumour的同位語從句,that無詞義,不作成分,也不能省略。將要發(fā)生地震的謠言很快就在這一地區(qū)傳開了。Therumouristhatthere’llbeanearthquake.(表語從句)謠言是將要發(fā)生地震了。比較:試比較下面兩個句子的正誤。(正)Theidea(that)hetoldmeyesterdayisgood.(定語從句)(誤)Theideaisthathetoldmeyesterday.昨天他告訴我的那個主意太好了。單句語法填空①Thestorygoes__WilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.②AfterreceivingamessagefromRyleeAnderson,12,shewasstrugglingwithamathproblem,Wabagrabbedawhiteboardandhurriedtoherfrontdoor.③Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.五.使用名詞性從句需注意的事項1.連詞that的用法總結(jié)that可用于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句中。在這些從句中that只起連接作用,在從句中不擔任成分,本身沒有詞義。that引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句時,往往用形式主語it或形式賓語it來替代,而把從句移到后面。重要:that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以省略,引導(dǎo)其他從句時一律不能省略。2.連接代詞和連接副詞的用法總結(jié)連接代詞(who,whom,whose,which,what)除了起連接作用外,還在從句擔任主語、賓語、表語等成分。連接副詞(when,where,how,why)除了起連接作用外,還可在從句中作狀語。連接代詞、連接副詞在名詞性從句中保留其疑問意義,同時在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,前面沒有先行詞(這是與定語從句需區(qū)別的一點)。重要:所有連接代詞和連接副詞在名詞性從句中都不能省略。3.名詞性從句的語序和時態(tài)所有的名詞性從句中的語序都是陳述語序。主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中的時態(tài)不受主句的限制,但賓語從句的時態(tài)要受主句的限制(只限于在主句是過去時態(tài)時)。注意:需要特別注意insist,suggest后賓語從句的兩種形式。4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣當主句中主語的中心名詞、謂語、表語或賓語是表示命令、要求、建議、希望、必要等含義的詞時,從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣,即“(should)+動詞原形”。例外:wish后的賓語從句中虛擬語氣構(gòu)成例外。Itisrightthatone(should)speakwelloftheabsent.不在背后詆毀人是對的。(主語從句)Itisveryimportantthatwe(should)askadviceofotherpeople.(主語從句)重要的是我們應(yīng)該征求他人的意見。Theorderisthatthework(should)befinishedassoonaspossible.(表語從句)命令是要盡快完成這項工作。IdemandthatJohn(should)gothereatonce.我要約翰馬上去那兒。(賓語從句)Headvisedthatwe(should)gohomerightnow.他建議我們立刻回家。(賓語從句)Joemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputofftothenextweek.(同位語從句)喬提議會議推遲到下一周。5.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的whether和ifA.whether可以用于所有的名詞性從句中,而if只用于賓語從句之中。兩者都不能省略。Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.(主語從句)足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。Thequestioniswhetheryoucandoityourself.(表語從句)問題是你是否能親自做這件事。I’llseewhether/ifshe’sathome.(賓語從句)我來看看她在不在家。Thequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendanotheronehasn’tbeendecided.(同位語從句)他親自來還是派別人來這個問題還沒定下來。B.在引導(dǎo)賓語從句(動詞賓語從句)時,whether和if都可以和ornot連用,但whether后可直接跟ornot,而if不能。Idon’tknowwhether/ifIcancomeornot.=Idon'tknowwhetherornotIcancome.我不知道我是否能來。Heaskedmewhether/ifshewascoming.=Heaskedmewhether/ifshewascomingornot.=Heaskedmewhetherornotshewascoming.他問我,她來還是不來。比較:whether后可以接動詞不定式,而if則不可以接。Pleasetelluswhethertogoorstayhere.請告訴我們是離開還是呆在這兒,C.介詞的賓語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)。Weworriedaboutwhetherhewasingoodhealth(ornot).我們擔心他的身體是否健康。Italldependsonwhethertheweatherisfine.一切都取決于天氣如何。D.如果賓語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu),則只能用if,而不能用whether。Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tshowup.他來不來我都不在乎。DinnerwasalmostoverwhenDan,stilllookinghungry,grinnedandaskedDaveifhewasn’tgoingtohavesomebread.晚飯快吃完時,丹看上去還沒吃飽,于是他笑著問戴夫還要不要吃些面包??键c歸納一、兩種典型的同位語從句歸納要點精講:①同位語從句常放在fact,news,truth,doubt,belief,thought,problem等詞后面,對名詞做進一步解釋說明,連接詞只能用that,且不能省略。②注意:havenoidea后面接who,what,when等wh-類連接詞。Ididn'treceivethenewsthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.我沒有聽到會議被推遲的消息。Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.有消息透露,大學將招收更多的中學畢業(yè)生。Youcanhavenoideawhathesaid.你根本想不到他說了些什么。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時候回來。在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~。1.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.2.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed.3.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.4.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea________hedidit;that'soneofhisfavouriteuniversities.5.Thereisnodoubt______teachersplayanimportantroleinchildren'sgrowth.考點歸納二、it作形式主語/賓語的名詞性從句要點精講:it用作形式主語,多用于Itis+形容詞/過去分詞+that…從句;用作形式賓語,多用于動詞+it+形容詞/名詞+that…從句。①Itis+n.+從句Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……是事實Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識②Itis+adj.+從句It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明顯…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…+(should)+do…③It+不及物動詞+從句Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…③It+be+過去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……Itisbelievedthat...據(jù)信……;人們相信……Itissuggestedthat+(should)do...建議……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否認……Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~。1.Itdoesn’tmatter_____youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.2.Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.3.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious__________theproblemitselfis.4._____isknowntousallthatthe2022OlympicWinterGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.5.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.6.Youmaydependon___________thatallgoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.考點歸納三、名詞性從句中的時態(tài)照應(yīng)要點精講:主句是一般過去時,賓語從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài);若從句表示客觀事實或真理,則從句時態(tài)不變。(一)主句謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r,從句謂語動詞可以用任何需要的時態(tài)。Iwonderwhatheisdoingnow.我想知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。Doyouknowwhenandwherehewasborn?你知道他在何時何地出身嗎?I'llwritetotellhimwhereI'llmeethim.我將寫信告訴他我將在哪里與他碰面。(二)主句謂語動詞是過去時,從句謂語動詞一般需用過去時。1.從句與主句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生,從句用一般過去時或過去進行時。Ithoughtthathestudiedhard.我認為他學習很努力。HetoldmehissonwaswatchingTV.他告訴我他的兒子在看電視。2.從句謂語動作在主句謂語動作之后,從句用過去將來時。HesaidhewouldspendhisholidaysinQingdao.他告訴我他將在青島度假。3.從句謂語動作在主句謂語動作之前,從句用過去完成時。Theytoldmetheyhadwaitedformehalfanhour.他們告訴我他們已經(jīng)等了我半小時了。4.從句如果有表示過去某一具體時間的狀語,仍用過去時。Shetoldmeherbrotherdiedin1945.她告訴我她的哥哥死于1945年。(三)從句時態(tài)不受下列客觀的條件影響。1.從句說明的是不受時間限制的事實或真理(客觀真理)。Theteachertoldusthattheearthturnsfromwesttoeast.老師告訴我們地球自西向東轉(zhuǎn)。Itwastruethatwaterfreezesatthirty-twodegreesFahrenheit.水在的確是在32華氏度結(jié)冰的。2.當從句表示的是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的時態(tài)不變。Shetoldmethatshegetsupatsixo'clockeverymorning.她告訴我她每天早晨6點起床。Heaskedmewhenthetrainusuallystarts.他向我詢問火車通常何時出發(fā)。用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.Ourteacheroncetoldmelight_________(travel)muchfasterthansound.2.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents____________(sign)upforthedancecompetition?3.Afterschoolwewenttothereading-room,onlytobetoldthatit_________________(decorate).4.Georgesaidthathe_____________(come)toschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’t.5.WhenAlicecametoherself,shedidnotknowhowlongshe______________(lie)there.一、用單詞的適當形式完成句子1.__________addstotheamazementmaybetheoccasionalsightofgoldensnub-nosedmonkeysandconstantsoundsofbirdssinging.2.Nooneknows__________theanimalshavewalkedsofarawayfromtheiroriginalhabitat.3.Peoplealwayssaythatfishinginshallowwaterinautumnmakessense.That’s__________temperaturesdecreasequicklyandsunshinedoesn’treachdeepwaterthoroughly.4.Thisskillis__________supportstheenormouspromiseoffacial-recognitionsoftwareinthe21stcentury.Itisalsowhatmakescontemporarysurveillance(監(jiān)控)systemssoscary.5.Accordingto__________wasreleasedbyChina’sStateCouncilinAugustlastyear,thecountryaimstoestablishatleastoneuniversityforelderlypeopleineverycounty-levelregionby2025.6.These3000-year-oldsymbols,jiaguwen,werecarvedonturtleshellsorbonesofanimals,andcangiveusinsightinto__________ancientChinesesawtheworldaroundthemandintotheirgreatcreativity.7.Infact,everyonecanrealizehisdream.Keeptellingyourself__________youwant.8.VisitorsgototheGettythinkingtheyarevisitingamuseumwithworksofartontheinside.__________theydiscoverinsteadisaworkofartwithamuseuminside.9.__________fascinateswesternersistheChinesebamboocultureanditslonghistory.10.Itincreasesconfidenceandindependence,offersyouachancetolearnnewcrafts,andgivesyoutimetoreflecton__________universityisrightforyou.11.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence__________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.12.Insidetheboatisastatueofababy.Thebabystandsforhumansandtheboatis

__________supportslife.13.Someteensconsiderhighschooltobeterrible,takinguptheirtimeandloadingthemwithmanyendlessresponsibilities;however,forteenswhocanseethebiggerpicture,theycanappreciate__________highschoolissoimportantandhowtomakethemostofit.14.Asamatteroffact,__________themediadoesn’tshowtheworldareotherautomobileaccidents;researchoverthepastseveralyearshasshownthatflyingisthesafestmethodoftransportation.15.Peoplealwayssaythatfishinginshallowwaterinautumnmakessense.That’s__________temperaturesdecreasequicklyandsunshinedoesn’treachdeepwaterthoroughly.16.TherearemanywaysyoucanexperienceteacultureinChina.YoucanvisitateaplantationinHangzhouorelsewheretolearn__________teaisgrownandharvested.17.DiscoveriesmadeduringthelatestexcavationofPitNo.1attheMausoleumofQinShiHuang,China’sfirstemperor,haveallowedChinesearchaeologiststogainmoreinsightinto__________theworld-famousTerracottaWarriorsandtheirweaponsweremade.18.ThatchangedonJan.2,2019,whenChinesespacecraftChang’e4madeasoftlandingon__________isoftenreferredtoasthedarkside.19.BeijingOperacombinessinging,reading,acting,fighting,anddancingtogether,usingactingmethodstopresentcharactersandtellstories.Thatis__________itisacomprehensive(綜合的)art.20.OfallthepowerfulworksofWangXizhi,__________isbestknowntousisLantingjiXu.二、閱讀下列短文,在空白處填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~。Passage1“Me”.It'sasmallwordwithbigmeaning,andthatmeaningisasindividualtoeachofusasthewaywelook.Throughinterviews,Iwasabletodiscover1.“me”meanstootherpeople,and2.theyhavelearnttoappreciatethebeautyinthemselves.

Passage2Idon'tcare1.awriterispopularornot.2.interestsmemostistheworkitself.I'vetranslatedsomeworksbyauthorssuchasXiMurongandBiShumin.Ialsokeepacloseeyeonwhat'sbeingself-publishedonlinebynew,youngauthors—theyhavesomegoodideas.

Passage3Thefuturehomewilluseintegratedsensors(集成傳感器)totell1.youleavehomeeachmorning,andthengointoanenergy-efficientmodeallbyitself.Allcontrolswillrespondtovoicecommands,soifyouwanttochangeyourroutine,youjustsayaloud2.youwantandthehomesystemwillobey.

Passage4Haveyoueveraskedyourself1.peopleoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish?Ihadn't,untilonedaymyfive-year-oldsonaskedme2.therewashaminahamburger.Thereisn't.Thismademerealizethatthere'snoeggineggplanteither.

Passage5Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Weare1.werepeatedlydo.”Inmanyways,ourlifestyleisthesumofchoiceswehavemade.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Soonthatchoicebecomesautomaticandformsahabitthatismuchhardertochange.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange,ifweunderstand2.habitswork.

Passage6Cunninghamalwaysusedsimple,relativelycheapcamerasandtookallhispicturesonthestreetsofNewYork,notinastudio.Althoughhealwaysknew1.fashionablepartiesandeventswerehappening,CunninghamlikedtophotographordinarypeopleinthepoorBronxasmuchasVIPsinrichManhattan.Throughhisfascinationwith2.peoplewerewearing,andnotwhotheywere,heopenedthedoorsoffashiontoeveryone—fashionashesawitbelongedtothepeople,notjusttohighsocietyandbigbrands.

Passage7Itisawell-knownfact1.thefacessomepeopleshowtotheworldmightbecompletelydifferenttotheirrealpersonalities.Forinstance,mostcomediansneverceasetohavesmilesontheirfacesandalwayssoundcheerfulbecausethat'sthenatureoftheirwork.Fromthis,it'simpossibletoknow2.theirtruefeelingsare.Althoughtheymightbelaughingontheoutside,theymightbeweepingontheinside.3.othersarefeelingisnotsomethingthatweshouldmakeassumptionsabout,becauseit'snotalwaysobviouswhoistrulyhappy.4.iscertainisthatcomediansoftenusecomedytohelpthemunderstandthemselvesandtheworld.Infact,comedyisaveryseriousjobindeed!

Passage8WhenreadingTheRoadNotTaken,onecannothelpbutseeinone'smindimagesofapeacefulwooddeepwithinthecountryside.Pathsinthewoodsareoftenusedtosymbolize1.ourlivesprogressandchange.Thelines“Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,/AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth”giveusavisualrepresentationofthechoicesthatwefaceandthedecisionsthatweneedtomake.Lifethrowsmanyalternativesatusonadailybasis.Theserangefromthebasic“WhatshouldIweartoday?”tothekeyissuesof2.sub

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