DB43-T 2381-2022覆盆子種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS65.020.20

CCSB05

43

湖南省地方標(biāo)準

DB43/T2381—2022

覆盆子種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

Technicalspecificationsforplantingrubifructus

2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實施

湖南省市場監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2381—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語與定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5育苗·····················································································································2

6定植·····················································································································2

7田間管理···············································································································3

8病蟲害防治············································································································3

9采收、加工與貯運···································································································4

10檔案管理··············································································································4

附錄A（資料性）覆盆子主要病蟲害防治方法·································································5

I

DB43/T2381—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準化技術(shù)委員會歸口。

本文件起草單位：湖南新匯制藥股份有限公司、長沙新林制藥有限公司、湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)、懷化林

泉藥業(yè)有限公司、懷化學(xué)院。

本文件主要起草人：何述金、王煒、李勝華、周代俊、周準、何承東、楊志輝、黃黎明、朱美成、

石堯輝、周樂學(xué)、吳長軍。

III

DB43/T2381—2022

覆盆子種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了覆盆子種植的術(shù)語和定義、產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、育苗、定植、田間管理、病蟲害防治、采收、

加工與貯運及檔案管理等內(nèi)容。

本文件適用于湖南省覆盆子的種植。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅

該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。

GB3095環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準

GB5084農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準

GB/T8321農(nóng)藥合理使用準則

GB15618土壤質(zhì)量標(biāo)準

NY/T496肥料合理使用準則通則

中華人民共和國藥典（2020年版一部）

3術(shù)語和定義

下列術(shù)語與定義適用于本文件。

3.1

覆盆子

本文件所指覆盆子為薔薇科植物華東覆盆子（RubuschingiiHu）的干燥果實。

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境

4.1基地選取

種植基地應(yīng)遠離工礦企業(yè)、醫(yī)院、垃圾場、畜牧場、公路主干道、居民區(qū)等污染源。

4.2土壤

土壤質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合GB15618的規(guī)定。

4.3水質(zhì)

灌溉水質(zhì)應(yīng)符合GB5084的規(guī)定。

4.4空氣

空氣質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合GB3095的規(guī)定。

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DB43/T2381—2022

5育苗

5.1分株

覆盆子地下莖每年都會萌發(fā)根蘗苗，可于秋末至早春，覆盆子休眠期挖取母株，通過適當(dāng)修剪根系

和枝條，將母株分成若干株，然后假植或定植。

分株繁殖要將新萌發(fā)的長植株連同帶芽的的根一起挖出，于9月下旬后進行分株種植，開挖30cm

深的溝槽并施放少量農(nóng)家肥，將植株移入畦床中，填埋即可，澆透水。

5.2扦插

5.2.1苗床準備

育苗前將地塊耙細整平，做成寬1.0m～1.2m，長6m～10m畦。苗床要覆膜，并保持一定的濕

度。

5.2.2插條

每年11月至次年3月，挖取植株剪成20cm～30cm長做插條。插條上端在節(jié)的上方1cm處剪成

平口，下端在近節(jié)處剪成斜口，插條上的葉片全部去掉。扦插深度8cm～10cm。按10cm×10cm的

株行距斜插在準備好的苗床上。如陽光強烈，還需蓋遮陽網(wǎng)。

5.2.3苗床管理

5.2.3.1澆水

插條扦插后當(dāng)天澆一次透水，以后要保持土壤濕潤，待插條生根以后澆水次數(shù)可適當(dāng)減少。

5.2.3.2追肥

待插條生根以后，每667m2追施5kg～8kg尿素。肥料使用應(yīng)符合NY/T496的規(guī)定。

5.2.3.3中耕除草

插條生根后即可進行中耕除草，初次中耕要淺；種苗進入旺盛生長期后，中耕深度可適當(dāng)加深。

5.3壯苗規(guī)格

苗高30cm～50cm，莖基部直徑0.5cm以上，根系生長良好的苗木。

6定植

6.1地塊準備

海拔200～900米為宜，陽光充足為佳。選擇土層深厚，疏松肥沃，排水和保水性能較好的高山棕

壤、山地黃棕壤、暗壤土壤，富含有機質(zhì)，pH值5.5～7.0的地塊。在土壤翻耕前，每667m2撒施生

石灰100kg～150kg，翻耕，讓生石灰與土壤拌勻。

6.2整地施肥

栽植前，深耕30cm～50cm，清除樹根、雜草等雜物，平整地面，做畦寬80cm，開溝深30cm、

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DB43/T2381—2022

寬30cm。在畦面中心線上按株距0.5m開一行定植穴，直徑25cm～35cm、深20cm～30cm。施基

肥，每穴施農(nóng)家腐熟有機肥300g。肥料使用應(yīng)符合NY/T496的規(guī)定。

6.3時間

每年11月至次年3月。選陰天定植為宜。

6.4方法

埋土深度以超過根際5cm～10cm為宜，保持根系舒展。土壤填實后澆定根水，并在上面覆蓋一層

土。地上部分剪留15cm～20cm。

7田間管理

7.1中耕除草

中耕選晴天進行為宜，除草本著“除早、除小、除了”的原則和綜合防治的原則進行，發(fā)現(xiàn)雜草，

及時清除。

7.2修剪

當(dāng)新枝長至約2m時，及時摘除頂芽。適時剪除弱枝、病枝、過密的枝條以及結(jié)果后的老枝，留取

較粗壯的新枝，以利通風(fēng)透光，控制合理密度，保證高產(chǎn)和穩(wěn)產(chǎn)。6月上旬在枝條上架綁縛后，展葉前

不宜過晚剪除病枝，以免損傷細弱枝，每叢保留3株～7株，保證通風(fēng)透光，將綁縛好的枝條梢部進行

短截，留1.7m高即可。

7.3水肥管理

華東覆盆子不耐澇，注意排水。夏秋干旱季節(jié)注意澆水。秋季落葉后，每667m2施入腐熟的農(nóng)家有機

肥300kg。追肥宜于雨后晴天進行。在樹干40cm～60cm一側(cè)挖深15cm的施肥溝，將肥料均勻施入溝內(nèi)，

施后覆蓋一層薄土。第2年施肥時換到另一側(cè)，隔年交替進行。肥料使用應(yīng)符合NY/T496的規(guī)定。

7.4搭架引縛

4月下旬搭架引縛。單柱引縛，靠近株叢立一根支柱，將枝條綁縛；雙柱引縛，在株叢之間立兩根

支柱，把相鄰兩株叢各1／2的枝條綁扎在兩根柱子上。

8病蟲害防治

8.1主要病蟲害

主要病害有莖腐病、銹病、白粉病，其中以葉斑病較為常見。主要蟲害有穿孔蛾、蠐螬、地老虎、

蛀甲蟲、柳蝙蝠蛾、卷葉蛾、天牛類等。

8.2防治原則

預(yù)防為主，綜合防控。

8.3生物防治

使用生物源農(nóng)藥，保護和利用種植地有益生物及優(yōu)勢種群。

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8.4物理防治

采用殺蟲燈或黑光燈、粘蟲板、糖醋液等誘殺害蟲。整地時發(fā)現(xiàn)蠐螬、地老虎等及時滅殺。

8.5化學(xué)防治

使用高效、低毒、低殘留農(nóng)藥?？茖W(xué)、合理、安全用藥，農(nóng)藥使用應(yīng)符合GB/T8321的規(guī)定。不得

使用國家規(guī)定的劇毒、高毒、高殘留或者具有三致的農(nóng)藥品種，主要病蟲害防治方法參見附錄A。

9采收、加工與貯運

9.1采收

夏初果實由綠變綠黃時采收。

9.2加工

除去梗、葉等雜質(zhì)，倒入沸水中燙2min～3min再撈出，隨后攤曬或55℃～60℃烘干，水分不

超過12.0％即可。質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合《中華人民共和國藥典》（2020年版一部）的要求。

9.3包裝

應(yīng)符合牢固、整潔、防潮、美觀的要求。

9.4貯運

選擇通風(fēng)、干燥、避光、防鼠蟲和防潮倉庫儲存，并定期檢查產(chǎn)品保存情況。運輸工具應(yīng)清潔衛(wèi)生、

干燥、無異味，不應(yīng)與有毒、有異味、有污染的物品混裝混運。運輸途中應(yīng)防雨、防潮、防暴曬。

10檔案管理

種植單位應(yīng)保存完整、真實的產(chǎn)地環(huán)境質(zhì)量資料，生產(chǎn)栽培管理和銷售記錄。生產(chǎn)栽培管理和銷售

記錄包括投入物品、種植、收獲、處理、銷售等全過程記錄檔案。檔案至少保存2年。

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DB43/T2381—2022

附錄A

（資料性）

覆盆子主要病蟲害防治方法

防治對象癥狀推薦藥劑施用方法安全間隔期

一般發(fā)生在新梢上，新梢出現(xiàn)深70％甲基托布津可濕性粉劑

70％甲基托布津可

莖腐病灰色的病斑。造成葉片、葉柄變500倍液噴霧防治，間隔7d～15天

濕性粉劑

黃枯萎，嚴重時整株枯死。l0d連用2次。

發(fā)芽前期噴25％三唑酮可濕性

病葉有一層白色粉狀物，引起葉25％三唑酮可濕性粉劑1200倍液預(yù)防；15天

白粉病片扭曲變形，嚴重時新梢生長矮粉劑、40％苯甲·嘧或40％苯甲·嘧菌酯懸浮劑

化，果實有時也受侵染菌酯懸浮劑500倍液噴霧防治，間隔7d～14天

14d連用2次

幼蟲在展葉期爬上新梢，蛀入芽前期噴施發(fā)病期噴施80％敵敵

穿孔蛾80％敵敵畏乳油15天

內(nèi)，肯食芽，致使新梢死亡。畏乳油1200倍液

春季開始危害嫩葉，并咬食花

2.5％敵百蟲粉劑噴施2.5％敵百蟲粉劑1200倍

蛀甲蟲蕾、雄蕊和蜜腺，被害花蕾脫落15天

液

或者變?yōu)榛喂?/p>

幼蟲蛀害枝、干，蛀道口常呈凹5月下旬至6月上旬初齡幼蟲

柳蝙蝠蛾陷環(huán)形，并由絲網(wǎng)粘滿木屑，形2.5％溴氰菊酯乳油活動期，可噴2.5％溴氰菊酯乳15天

成木屑包。油2000倍～3000倍液。

5

DB43/T2381—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語與定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5育苗·····················································································································2

6定植·····················································································································2

7田間管理···············································································································3

8病蟲害防治············································································································3

9采收、加工與貯運···································································································4

10檔案管理··············································································································4

附錄A（資料性）覆盆子主要病蟲害防治方法·································································5

I

DB43/T2381—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起