2004年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

2004年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:Forquestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutthegeographyofBelgium.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)GeographyofBelgiumThreemainregionscoastalplaincentralplateau1Highestaltitudeofthecoastalplainm2Climateneartheseahumid3ParticularlyrainymonthsoftheyearsApril4AveragetemperaturesinJulyinBrusselslow13℃high5PartBDirections:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaninterviewwithMr.SaffofromtheInstitutefortheFuture.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)WhatisSaffoaccordingtohimself?TheInstitutefortheFutureprovidesservicestoprivatecompaniesandTheInstitutebelievesthattothinksystematicallyaboutthelong-rangefutureisTosucceedinanything,oneshouldbeflexible,curiousandWhatdoesSaffoconsidertobeessentialtotheworkofateam?678910PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnamingnewborns.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.11.Whatdoweoftendowiththethingswelove?[A]Askfortheirnames.[B]Namebabiesafterthem.[C]Putdowntheirnames.[D]Choosenamesforthem.12.Theunpleasantmeaningofanoldfamilynameisoftenoverlookedif[A]thefamilytreeisfairlylimited.[B]thefamilytieisstrongenough.[C]thenameiscommonlyused.[D]nobodyinthefamilycomplains.13.Severalmonthsafterababy’sbirth,itsnamewill[A]showthebeautyofitsown.[B]developmoreassociations.[C]losetheoriginalmeaning.[D]helpformthebaby’spersonality.Questions14-16arebasedonthebiographyofBobbyMoore,anEnglishsoccerplayer.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.14.HowmanymatchesdidMooreplayduringhisprofessionalcareer?[A]90.[B]108.[C]180.[D]668.15.In1964,BobbyMoorewasmade[A]England’sfootballeroftheyear.[B]asoccercoachinWestGermany.[C]amedalistforhissportsmanship.[D]anumberoftheOrderoftheBritishEmpire.16.AfterMooreretiredfromplaying,thefirstthinghedidwas[A]editingSundaySport.[B]workingforCapitalRadio.[C]managingprofessionalsoccerteams.[D]developingasportsmarketingcompany.Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkonthecityofBelfast.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.17.Belfasthaslongbeenfamousforits[A]oilrefinery.[B]linentextiles.[C]foodproducts.[D]deepwaterport.18.WhichofthefollowingdoesBelfastchieflyexport?[A]Soap.[B]Grain.[C]Steel.[D]Tobacco.19.WhenwasBelfastfounded?[A]In1177.[B]In1315.[C]Inthe16thcentury.[D]Inthe17thcentury.20.WhathappenedinBelfastinthelate18thcentury?[A]Frenchrefugeesarrived.[B]Theharborwasdestroyed.[C]Shipbuildingbegantoflourish.[D]ThecitywastakenbytheEnglish.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories(21)____ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior(22)____theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough(23)____withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietythatchildrencommitcrimesin(24)____totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus(25)____asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,(26)____thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes(27)____lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare(28)____tocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly(29)____juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat(30)____tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment(31)____makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin(32)____leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealso(33)____changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;(34)____,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome(35)____wascommoninthetraditionalfamily(36)____.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other(37)____causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased(38)____ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing(39)____ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,(40)____adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.21.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]cementing22.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[D]because23.[A]interactions[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[D]consultation24.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[D]response25.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[D]orelse26.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding27.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with28.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject29.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]chock[D]reflect30.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[D]amount31.[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast[D]atlength32.[A]case[B]short[C]turn[D]essence33.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[D]experienced34.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously35.[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as36.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[D]heritage37.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]incredible38.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[D]availability39.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity40.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[D]supposingSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyourmowersonANSWERSNEET1.(40points)Text1Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent”.It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold,’saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysoneexpert.Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept——whatyouthinkyouwanttodo——thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs——thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem——andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.41.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.42.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?[A]Lackofcounseling.[B]Limitednumberofvisits.[C]Lowerefficiency.[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.43.Theexpression“tipservice”(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans[A]advisory.[B]compensation.[C]interaction.[D]reminder.44.WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.45.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.Text2Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZo?Zysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.47.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZo?Zysman.[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.48.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents.[B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapeformclass.[C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents.[D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight.49.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?[A]Theyaregettingimpatient.[B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff.[C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated.[D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.50.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?[A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.[B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.[C]Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.[D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.Text3Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.“I’magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays.“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too”shesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’sadmissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.Butdon’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“there’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysjohnDeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.51.By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness.[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork.[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.[D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation.52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?[A]Optimistic.[B]Confused.[C]Carefree.[D]Panicked.53.Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange”(Lines3-4,Paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout.[A]goldmarket.[B]realestate.[C]stockexchange.[D]ventureinvestment.54.Whycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicshowdown?[A]Theywouldbenefitincertainways.[B]Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.[C]Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.[D]Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?[A]Anowboom,onthehorizon.[B]Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.[C]Cautionallright,panicnot.[D]Themoreventures,themorechances.Text4Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation——nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Razitch’slatestbock,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized——goingtoschoolandlearningtoread——sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”56.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?[A]Thehabitofthinkingindependently.[B]Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.[C]Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.[D]Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.57.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof[A]undervaluingintellect.[B]favoringintellectualism.[C]supportingschoolreform.[D]suppressingnativeintelligence.58.TheviewsofRavishandEmersononschoolingare[A]identical.[B]similar.[C]complementary.[D]opposite.59.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably[A]apioneerofeducationreform.[B]anopponentofintellectualism.[C]ascholarinfavorofintellect.[D]anadvocateofregularschooling.60.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?[A]Itissecondtointelligence.[B]Itevolvesfromcommonsense.[C]Itistobepursued.[D]Itunderliespower.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersfor