小學(xué)英語五升六暑期講義第8講：閱讀理解專題講解（教師版）

課程主題：閱讀理解專題講解授課時(shí)間：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.了解閱讀理解?？嫉膸追N類型和題型；2.掌握閱讀理解的解題方法。教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門測試】BenisgoingtovisithisgrandparentsinNewYorknextweek.Hewantstogivesomepresentstothem.Yesterdayhewentshoppingwithhisparents.Intheshop,heboughtabluesweaterandblacktrousersforhisgrandfatherandsomegoodbooksforhisgrandmother.Bothhisparentsthoughttheywereverygoodpresents.Benwasveryhappy.（1）WhereareBen'sgrandparents?A.

InLondon

B.

InNewYork

C.

InBeijing（2）WhatdidBendoyesterday?A.

Hevisitedhisgrandparents.

B.

Hewentshoppingwithhisfriends.

C.

Hewentshoppingwithhisparents.（3）Howmanypeoplewentshoppingyesterday?A.

One

B.

Two

C.

Three（4）Hebought_____forhisgrandmother.A.

blacktrousers

B.

somebooks

C.

bluesweater（5）WhenisBengoingtovisithisgrandparents?A.

Tomorrow

B.

Nextweek

C.

Yesterday答案：BCCBB【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】如何用英文表示“剪刀石頭布”？我們用石頭剪刀布來決定吧，如何用英文表達(dá)？【互動精講】閱讀理解閱讀理解是英語中詞匯、句式、語法的綜合運(yùn)用，是一個(gè)比較綜合的題目，對所掌握的英語技能的程度要求比較高；既要重視對英語基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握，又要養(yǎng)成閱讀的好習(xí)慣，加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。【知識梳理1】判斷題閱讀在閱讀題目的各種形式中，相對而言，判斷題的難度最較小，完成判斷題的選擇題最為有效的方法是用題目中的句子和文章里的原句對照，通過對照進(jìn)行判斷?！纠}精講】閱讀文章，對的寫T，錯(cuò)的寫F。A:YangLing,whatdidyoudolastSunday?

B:IvisitedLiuTao’sgrandparents.

A:Wheredotheylive?

B:TheyLiveinasmalltownnearNanjing.Theyhaveareallynicehouse.IwenttherewithSuHai,SuYang,GaoShan,LiuTaoandBen.Theywereverygladtoseeus.LiuTao’sgrandpashowedusalotofstampsfromdifferentcountries.Hisgrandmacookedusnicelunch.Welikedthefoodverymuch.

A:Whatdidyoudothere?

B:Inthemorning,wecleanedtheirhouse.Intheafternoon.Weworkedintheirgarden.SuHaiandSuYangwateredthetreesandflowers.LiuTaoandGaoShanpickedapples.BenandIplantedsometrees.Weworkedforabouttwohours.

A:Wereyoutired?

B:No!Ilikeworkinginthegarden.Wehadareallygoodtime.

A:Great!I’dliketovisitthem,too.

()1.WangBingandYangLingvisitedLiuTao’sgrandparentslastSunday.

()2.Onthefarm,YangLingplantedtrees.

()3.LiuTao’sgrandmacookedanicelunch.

()4.YangLingandSuHaiplantedflowers.

()5.Theyworkedonthefarmforabouttwohours.答案：FFTFF解析：批注：解決此類題目一般要求學(xué)生先瀏覽題目，找出關(guān)鍵詞，帶著關(guān)鍵詞去看文章，將句子與原文進(jìn)行對比，然后做出判斷。這樣不但節(jié)省時(shí)間，提高速度，而且可以抓住重點(diǎn)，做到有的放矢。1.由對話可知，B是YangLing.“IwenttherewithSuHai,SuYang,GaoShan,LiuTaoandBen.”YangLing是和SuHai,SuYang,GaoShan,LiuTao,Ben一起去的，并沒有和WangBing，所以本題是錯(cuò)的。2.“BenandIplantedsometrees”，YangLing種樹是對的，但是注意此處的地點(diǎn)“Weworkedintheirgarden.”是inthegarden，而不是題目中所說的onthefarm，所以本題是錯(cuò)的。3.“LiuTao’sgrandpashowedusalotofstampsfromdifferentcountries.Hisgrandmacookedusnicelunch.”此處His是指LiuTao’s，所以本題是對的。4.“SuHaiandSuYangwateredthetreesandflowers.”“BenandIplantedsometrees.”并沒有提到種花，所以本題是錯(cuò)的。5.“Weworkedintheirgarden”而不是workonthefarm,不符合題目，是錯(cuò)的。【鞏固練習(xí)】Wecanseewallseverywhereintheworld.ButtheGreatWallofChinaisthebiggestofall.TheChinesecallit.“TheTen-thousand-LiGreatWall.”Itisinfactmorethan6,000kilometerslong.It’s4to5meterswide.Inmostplaces,fivehorsesortenmencanwalksidebyside.WhenyouvisittheGreatWall,youcan’thelpwonderinghowtheChinesepeoplewereabletobuildsuchagreatthousandsyearsago.Withoutanymodernmachine,itwasreallyverydifficulttobuildit.Theyhadtodoalltheworkbyhand.Ittookmillionsofmenhundredsofyearstobuildit.TheGreatWallhadahistoryofovertwothousandyears.Thekingsbegantobuildthefirstpartofitabouttwothousandsevenhundredyearsago.ThenQinShihuanghadallthewallsjoinedup.Hethoughtthatcouldkeeptheenemiesoutofthecountry.TodaytheGreatWallhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.NotonlyChinesepeoplebutalsopeoplefromallovertheworldcometovisitit.()1.InmostplacesintheGreatWall,tenhorsesorfivemencanwalksidebyside.()2.TheGreatWallofChinaisthebiggestwalloftheworld.()3.IttookthousandsofmenhundredsofyearstobuildtheGreatWall.()4.TodaytheGreatWallhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.()5.Thekingsbegantobuildthefirsttwopartsofitaboutonethousandsevenhundredyearsago.答案：FTFTF【知識梳理2】選擇題閱讀閱讀理解選擇題中考查的較多，常見的如細(xì)節(jié)題，推測題，判斷對錯(cuò)題，主旨大意題等。在解決此類題型時(shí)，需要先快速略讀文章，然后根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中找出范圍，運(yùn)用排除法，推斷法等選出正確答案?！纠}精講】MygrandfatherneverwatchedTV.Hethoughtthatpeoplespent（花費(fèi)）toomuchtimewatchingit.Someofhisfriendsoftentalkedaboutsportsshows,thefilmsandplays.Mygrandfathersaidtohimself（自言自語）,"Theyneverreadanybooksorgooutintheevening".Sohedidn'tbuyaTV.

Twoyearsagomygrandfatherwas60yearsold.Hestoppedworkinginthehospital.MyfatherboughthimaTV.Hebegantowatchallthenews.Heknowsmuchmoreabouttheworldnow.Andhereadsmorebooks,too.

Now,mygrandfatherwillgetveryangry(生氣)ifyoutrouble(麻煩)himwhenheiswatchingTV.Ican'tknowthatonecanchange(改變)hisideawhenheis60.1）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞在文章中找出相應(yīng)的范圍，并對比推敲。()1.Mygrandfatherdidn'twatchTVbecause________.

A.hehadnotimetowatchit

B.hethoughtpeoplespenttoomuchtimewatchingTV

C.hecouldn'tbuytheTVset

D.hethoughtwatchingTVisbadforpeople'seyes答案：B批注：本題的關(guān)鍵詞是didn’twatchTV.根據(jù)文章中“Hethoughtthatpeoplespenttoomuchtimewatchingit.”可知本題選B。()2.Mygrandfather______whenheworkedinthehospital.

A.wenttomountainsB.playedsports

C.readbooksD.watchedTV答案：C批注：遇到比較復(fù)雜的順序題時(shí)可以列出圖表，分清楚after,before,when等的先后順序?！癟heyneverreadanybooksorgooutintheevening”“Andhereadsmorebooks,too”爺爺覺得其他人不讀書，到后來他既看電視也讀書，可以推斷爺爺在醫(yī)院工作時(shí)也是讀書的。()3.Mygrandfatherdidn'tworkinthehospital_______.

A.afterhewas60

B.beforemyfatherboughthimaTV

C.whenmyfatheraskedhimnottowork

D.afterhelikedwatchingthenews答案：B批注：“Twoyearsagomygrandfatherwas60yearsold.Hestoppedworkinginthehospital.MyfatherboughthimaTV.”爺爺在六十歲的時(shí)候，先停止了醫(yī)院的工作，然后爸爸給他買了電視，所以要理清先后順序，選B。2）數(shù)字計(jì)算題。找出文章中的數(shù)字，根據(jù)文章意思判斷。

()4.Mygrandfatheris_______now.

A.58B.60C.62D.61

答案：C批注：“Twoyearsagomygrandfatherwas60yearsold.”兩年前爺爺六十歲，根據(jù)計(jì)算，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是六十二歲。3）判斷題。首先看清題意，是要求選正確的還是錯(cuò)誤的，然后使用排除法、推斷法選出正確答案。

()5.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?

A.Thewriterknowswhyhisgrandfatherchangedhisidea.

B.MygrandfatheroftenwatchesTVnow.

C.MygrandfatherboughtaTVattheageof60.

D.ThewriterandhisgrandfatherlikewatchingTV.答案：B批注：此處我們應(yīng)用排除法。A作者并不知道祖父為什么那么快改變主意；C電視機(jī)是爸爸買的；D沒提到作者喜歡看電視；B是對的，根據(jù)常識和文章內(nèi)容判斷，爺爺現(xiàn)在肯定是經(jīng)常看電視的。4）主旨題。了解文章大意后，選出最合適的答案，有可能四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是對的，但一定是要最符合題目的。()6.What’sthemain(主要的)ideaofthispassage?Mygrandfatherdidn’tlikewatchingTVbefore.Mygrandfatherlikesreadingbooks.Mygrandfatherdidn’tlikewatchingTVbefore,buthelikeswatchingTVverymuchnow.Weshouldn’ttroublehimwhenhewaswatchingTV.答案：C批注：本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是對的，但是最符合題意的主旨是祖父以前不喜歡看電視，現(xiàn)在很喜歡看電視，所以選C?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】HelenKellerlivedintheUSA.Shewasagreatwoman.WhenHelenwasababy,shegotveryill.Aftermanyweeks,thedoctorsaid,"Sheisbetter,butnowshecan'tseeandshecan'thear.”Hermotherandfatherwereverysad.Afewyearslater,thingsgotworse.TherewasnowayforHelentospeaktootherpeople.Sheheardnothing.Shesawnothing.Shedidn'tunderstandanything.ThenonedayateachercametolivewithHelenandherfamily.TheteacherhelpedHelenlearnaboutwords.Helenwasaveryclevergirlandsoonshelearnedtospellherfirstword.Whenshewasolder,shewenttocollege.Helentraveledaroundtheworldandhelpedmanyblindanddeafpeople.Shebecamefamousallovertheworld.Helenwasaveryoldwomanwhenshedied.Theworldremembershertodayasabraveandwonderfulperson.Shewasblindanddeaf,butshefoundawaytoseeandhear.()1.HelenKellergotveryillwhen________.A.shewenttocollegeB.shewasababyC.herteachercametohomeD.shewasveryold( )2.Helendidn'tunderstandanythingbecause________.shewasillsheheardnothingandsawnothing shewasababyshecouldn'tspeaktootherpeople( )3.________taughtHelenKellerherfirstword.A.HerteacherB.HermotherC.HerfatherD.Thedoctor()4.Helenliveda________參考上面的方法哦！A.longB.painfulC.shortD.poor參考上面的方法哦！()5.HelenKellerwasfamousbecause________.shewasanAmericanshetraveledaroundtheworldherteachertaughthermanythingsshelearnedtoreadandwriteandhelpedmanypeopleintheworld()6.TheworldremembersHelenKellertodaybecause________.shewasabraveandwonderfulpersonshewasblindanddeafshewasveryclevershewenttocollege()7.HelenKellerwasblindanddeaf,but________.shefoundawaytotravelaroundtheworldhermotherandfatherdidn'tfeelsadshefoundawaytounderstandtheworldshefoundouthowpeoplebecameblindanddeafKey:BBAADAC【知識梳理3】回答問題型閱讀理解閱讀理解中回答問題的題型中，要注意提問和回答的是什么內(nèi)容，單詞的拼寫，時(shí)態(tài)，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換等?！纠}精講】TheWhitesalwaysgetupearlyeveryday.Inthemorningfatheralwaysgoestowork.SandyandSuealwaysgotoschool.Motherusuallystaysathome.Atnoon,SandyandSuealwayshavelunchatschool.Intheafternoon,SandyandSuecomefromschool.Theyusuallyarrive(到達(dá))homeearly.Intheevening,SandyandSuealwaysdotheirhomework.Atnight,theygotobedearly,butit'sdifficult(困難的)forthemtofallasleep（入睡）.回答下列問題：

1.--HowmanypeoplearethereinMr.White'sfamily?--Thereare______.

2.--Whogetsupearly?--The__________________________.

3.--Doesthemotherworkinafactory?--________________.

4.--DoSandyandSuefallasleepearly?--________________________________.答案：1.four2.Whites3.No,shedoesn’t.4.No,theydon’t.批注：1.這家一共有四口人，Mr.White,Mrs.White,Sandy，Sue四個(gè)人。2.“TheWhitesalwaysgetupearlyeveryday”本題填TheWhites。注意橫線前已經(jīng)有了the，所以后面只要填Whites.不要忘記復(fù)數(shù)。3.根據(jù)文章中“Motherusuallystaysathome.”可知媽媽不上班。一般疑問句提問時(shí)，只有兩種回答。Does…?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.本題填否定形式。4.根據(jù)文章中“Atnight,theygotobedearly,butit'sdifficultforthemtofallasleep.”雖然孩子們上床很早，但是很難入睡?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】ThesunandthewindLonglongago,thewindandthesunhadaquarrel(爭吵).Thewindsaidhewasstrongerthanthesunandthesunsaidhewasstrongerthanthewind.Soonamancamealongtheroad."Seethatman,Icanmakethemantakeoffhiscoat."saidthewind.Butthesunsaid"No,youcan't,butlasttheybothsaid,"Let'stry."Thewindsaidhewouldtryfirst.Heblewandblew.Theweatherbecamecold.Themansaid,"Itisverycold."Sohedidn'ttakeoffhiscoat.Atlastthewindwastriedandhesaid:"Ican'tmakethemantakeoffhiscoat".Thenthesuntried.Heshonehotterandhotter."Itiswarmnow",saidtheman,"Imusttakeoffmycoat."Thenhetakesoffhiscoat."See!I'mstrongerthanyou."saidthesuntothewind.1.Whohadaquarreloneday?_____________________________________________________________________2.Didthewindthinkhewasstrongerthanthesun?_____________________________________________________________________3.Didtheweatherbecamecolderwhenthewindblewandblew?_____________________________________________________________________4.Whatdidthesundototheman?_____________________________________________________________________5.Whocouldmakethemantakeoffhiscoat,thewindorthesun?_____________________________________________________________________Keys:Thewindandthesun.Yes,hedid.Yes,itdid.Thesunshonehotterandhotter.Thesun.【知識梳理4】閱讀理解解題方法閱讀理解是英語中必考的題型，包括判斷對錯(cuò)、選擇、回答問題等題型，需要在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用解題方法判斷出正確答案。a.先瀏覽全文，了解文章大意。b.找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中找出范圍，并劃出來。c.若是判斷題，將句子與原文進(jìn)行對比，然后做出判斷。d.若是細(xì)節(jié)題，在原文中找出要填的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因等，再填寫答案。e.若是主旨題，則選用排除法和推斷法，找出最合適的答案。做閱讀理解題時(shí)要注意解題習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成，要求注意細(xì)節(jié)，所以解題時(shí)一定要在文章中畫出范圍?！菊n堂檢測】一．閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確的答案.Amanwaswalkingthrough(穿過)aforest.Hehadafewcapsinhishands.Intheforesttherewerealotofmonkeys.Thedaywashot,sohedecidedtohavearestunderatree.Heputonecaponhisheadandlaydowntosleep(躺下睡覺).Whenhewokeup,hecouldn’tfindhiscaps.“Wherearemycaps?”hecriedandlookedup.Hesawsomemonkeysinthetrees.Eachhadacaponitshead.“Givemebackmycaps!”shouted(叫喊)themantothemonkeys.Butthemonkeysdidn’tunderstand(理解)him.Theyonlyjumped,laughedanddanced.“HowcanIgetbackmycaps?”hethoughthard.Intheendhehadanidea.Hetookoffhiscapandthrew(扔)itontheground.Thelittleanimalsdidthesamething.Happilythemanpickedupallthecapsandwentonhisway.()1.Onedayamanwasgoing__________.A.totheforestB.throughtheforestC.toavillageD.throughthecity()2.Themandecidedtohavearestbecause_________.A.hewashungryB.hewastiredC.thedaywashotD.hewasill()3.Whenthemanwokeup____________.A.hefoundhiscapsweregoneB.hesawafoxC.hehadafeverD.hefoundmanymonkeys()4.Themanwantedtogethiscapsback,andheshoutedtothemonkeys,butitdidn’twork.Why?Becausethemonkeyswantedtolaughathim.Becausethemonkeyswantedtowearthecaps.Becausethemonkeysdidn’tunderstandhim.Becausethemonkeysdidn’thearwhatheshouted.()5.Themanwas______whenhegotallhiscapsback.angry（生氣的）B.surprised（驚奇的）C.sad（悲傷的）D.pleased（高興的）讀Mike的日記，選擇正確答案。(5%)LastSundaywasafunnyday.LiuTaocametomyhomeinthemorning.WestudiedEnglishtogether.WereadsomefunnyEnglishstories.Ataboutteno’clock,wewenttoChennanParkonfoot.Andwefishedthere.Itwasveryinteresting.Wecookedlunchatabout12o’clockanditwasverynice.Thenwecleanedthekitchen.WewatchedTVafterlunch.Atabout4o’clockintheafternoon,weplayedpingpong.()1.MikewatchedTV________________.A.inthemorningB.intheafternoonC.intheevening()2.MikeandLiuTaowentfishing__________.A.athomeB.inChennanParkC.atschool()3.Theywenttothepark_____________.A.onfootB.bybusC.bybike()4.Thisafternoontheyalso______________.A.playedfootball.B.playedbasketball.C.playedtabletennis.()5.Whocookedlunch?____________.A.Mike.B.MikeandLiuTao.C.Mike’smother.MrBlackworksonafarm.Heandhiswifegrowalotofplantsandtheyhavesomecows.Everydaytheyworkhardfrommorningtonight.Oneday,MrBlacksaystohiswife,“Let’sgotoPortsmouthnextSunday.Wecanhaveagoodlunchthereandthenwecangotothecinema.”Hiswifeisveryhappywhenshehearsthis,becausetheyalwayseatalot,andshedoesn’tlikecookingthreetimesaday.TheygotoPortsmouthbytrainandwalkaboutforanhour(小時(shí)).At12o’clock,theywanttohavelunch.Infrontofonerestaurant(飯店),theyseeanotice.Itsays,“Lunch:12:30to2:301.5pounds.”“Well,that’sgood.”MrsBlacksays,“Wecaneatfortwohoursfor1.5poundshere!Thisistheplaceforus.”()1.Therearealotof_____ontheirfarm.A.plantsB.dogsC.cowsD.BothAandC()2._____usuallydoesthecookingathome.A.MrBlackB.MrsBlackC.NeitherAandBD.BothAandB()3.MrBlackandMrsBlackwalkaboutinPortsmouthfor_____.A.twohoursB.threehoursC.onehourD.fourhours()4.At_____o’clock,theywanttohavelunch.A.twoB.twelveC.twentyD.one()5.Portsmouthisthenameofa_____.A.placeB.dogsC.manD.restaurant答案：一，BCACDBCACCABCBA【要點(diǎn)回顧】（以學(xué)生自我總結(jié)為主，TR引導(dǎo)為輔，為本次課做一個(gè)總結(jié)回顧）引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀理解的技巧【溫故知新】二,閱讀短文,判斷下列句子是否與短文內(nèi)容相符,用T,F來表示.(一)ManyChinesepeoplehav