牛津譯林版中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)第5講-數(shù)詞

中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)第5講冠詞和數(shù)詞知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:冠詞及其用法1.不定冠詞a/an的用法。不定冠詞用a還是an由后面一個(gè)詞的首音決定。以元音因素開頭的詞前用an，以輔音因素（包括半元音，不是元音字母）開頭的詞前用a。1.a1.a和an均用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。如：Adictionaryisausefulbook.；Anundergroundtraincanstartandstopquickly.2.指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。如：Thisisabook.；Heusedtobeanengineer.3.泛指某人或某物，但未具體說明何人、何物，如：Aboyiswaitingforme.；Givemeapen,please.4.表示“每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于every。如：Behindthehousethereisagarden.；onceaweek.5.用于某些固定詞組中，如：afew,alittle,alotof,anumberof,justaminute,inahurry等。2.定冠詞the的用法。1.1.指雙方都知道的人或事物，如：Openthedoor,please.；Goandclosethewindow.2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，如：Thegirlinredismysister.；Thebookonthedeskismine.3.指前面提到過的人或事物，如：Hereisapictureofamoderncarfactory.Myfatherworksinthefactory.4.表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的名詞前用the。如：thesun;themoon;thesky等。5.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前,以及在方位詞前。如：TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Hewonthefirstprize.；Thesunrisesintheeast.6.用在某些形容詞前，表示一類人或事物，如：therich,thesick,thenew，thefalse等。7.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示“某一家人”，“某某夫婦。如：theLis,theZhangs等。8.在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如：theNorthChinaPlain，theRockyMountains，theYangtseRiver等。10.用于演奏的樂器之前。如：play?the?(violin\guitar\erfu\pianol\trumpet\.music)11.用在某些專用名詞前，如：theGreatWall，thePeople’sRepublicofChina等。12.在一些用語中，如：inthemorning(/afternoon/evening),intheday,bytheway等。3.不用冠詞的情況1.1.專有名詞人名，地名，節(jié)日，月份，年份，星期和不可數(shù)名詞。2.球類，棋類，語言，三餐，游戲名稱和顏色前不加冠詞。3.名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,any,no,each,every等代詞作定語時(shí)，不用冠詞。4.在表示家庭成員名稱，稱呼語，表示頭銜或職務(wù)的名詞前不加冠詞。5.表示某一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。典型例題例1Ifyouwanttotake_____shortrideinthecity,choose_____sharedbike.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;aD./;a變式題1.As_____volunteerofthe2019BeijingInternationalHorticulturalExpo(園藝博覽會(huì)），LuMingunderstands______ideaofgreenlifebetterthanbefore.A.a;anB.a;theC.the;anD.the;the變式題2Yancheng,_______energeticcity,hassetuptraderelationswithlotsofcountriesandareas.A.aB.anC.theD./變式題3Lookat______boyoverthere.Helooksexcited.Yeah,hehaswon______firstprizeintheschoolEnglishReadingandWritingCompetition.A.a;theeB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：數(shù)詞及其用法1.數(shù)詞的詞形（1）1-12的基數(shù)詞為獨(dú)立的單詞；序數(shù)詞1-3為特殊變化，序數(shù)詞4-12在基數(shù)詞詞尾加-th。[注意fifth(第五)；ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)的特殊拼寫]。（2）13-19基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。其中13、15和18發(fā)生拼寫變化：thirteen、fifteen和eighteen，相應(yīng)序數(shù)詞在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成。13-19歲的少年用teens(inone’steens在某人十多歲時(shí))。（3）20-90的整十?dāng)?shù)均以-ty結(jié)尾。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞時(shí)，將詞尾y變ie，再加-th。表示二十多歲等用twenty等的復(fù)數(shù)twenties(inone’stwenties在某人二十多歲時(shí))。（4）表示幾十幾，由十位數(shù)加個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成，中間用連字符。構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，連字符前為基數(shù)詞，后為序數(shù)詞。如：二十五twenty-five;第九十九ninety-ninth.（5）101-999先說幾百，再加and，再加末尾兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th；如：141onehundredandforty-one；第125onehundredandtwenty-fifth（6）1000以上的基數(shù)詞，從后往前每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào)，第一個(gè)逗號(hào)位置為thousand，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)位置為million，以此類推。2、基數(shù)詞及其用法。1.1.表示數(shù)量的多少。(o念作/o/或zero)eg;Ihavefivefriends.2.電話號(hào)碼（62083338）；3.事物表示編號(hào)順序(名詞在前，如：Room303;WorldWarTwo)；4.表示價(jià)格，貨幣(100dollars)；5.度量(50kilos)；6.小數(shù)(2.5meters)；7.表示"幾十歲"，例如：Hediedstillinhisforties；8.表示時(shí)間和"年代"，用in+the+數(shù)詞復(fù)。eg:inthe1980s在20世紀(jì)80年代3、序數(shù)詞及其用法。1.1.序數(shù)詞表示順序，意思是“第幾”。前面要加定冠詞，例如：Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets。2.序數(shù)詞前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”的意思，例如：Ihavetodoitasecondtime。3.表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí)，分母加-s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths.4.表示“日期”如：August5th；May1st.注意:較為容易拼寫錯(cuò)誤的序數(shù)詞及其縮寫形式：onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth?？s寫形式：first→1st

second→2ndthird→3rd

fourth→4thtwenty-second→22nd典型例題例1:Whichmonthoftheyeardoyoulikebest?--July,the_____month,becausesummervacationbeginsinthismonth.A.sevenB.sixC.seventhD.sixth變式題1：Theapartmenthas______floorsandMr.Greenlivesonthe______floor.A.twelfth;twelfthB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelve變式題2：_____volunteerswillbeneededfor2020BeijingWinterOlympicGames.A.TwothousandofB.TwothousandsofC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof牛刀小試Onmy_______birthday,Igotanewschoolbagasagiftfrommyparents.A.nineB.ninthC.theninth2.Ourcountryisnearly______yearsold.We’llcelebrateits_____birthdayonOctober1,2019aroundthecountry.A.seventy;seventyB.seventy;seventiethC.seventieth;seventyD.seventieth;seventieth3.Thereare______floorsinthebuilding,Weliveon________floor.A.theninth;theninthB.theninth;nineC.nine;theninthD.nine;nine4.Wegaveaway______bookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.A.sixthousandsB.sixthousandC.sixthousandsofD.sixthousandof5.______ofthestudentsinourclass________goingtothesummercampinBeijingnextweek.A.Twofifths;isB.Secondfifths;areC.Secondfifths;isD.Twofifths;are6.Tosavetime,manystudentshave_____lunchatschooleveryday.A.aB.anC./D.the課堂練習(xí)1.It'stimefordinner.Kingsareattable.A./,theB.the,theC.The,/D./;/2.—Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?—Ioftenhavebreadandmilk.A./,/B./,theC.a,/D.the,the3.Don'tgiveup,tryforsecondtwice.A.theB.aC./D.an4.Wouldyougoforwalkwithmeaftersupper?A.the,/B.a,/C./,theD./,a5.Thereisn'twateroraironthemoon,andmancan'tliveonit.A.aB.theC.oneD./6.moreyoureadEnglish,betteryou'lllearn.A.The,theB./,/C.A,aD.The,a出門測1.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.A.the,theB./,/C./,theD.the,/2.Hehithissisterinface.A.theB.herC.×D.his3.Johnlivesonfloor.A.twentyB.twentiethC.thetwentiethD.thetwentyth4.Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?Therearetwo__________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof5.About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths6.Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?Yes,itis__________.A.856620B.85626C.58662D.586267.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_________.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,19228._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof9.MrZhangteachesatMiddleSchool.A.aNo.5B.No.5C.theNo.5thD.5thNo課后作業(yè)一、在必要的地方用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~(a,an,the,/)填空。1.There's“u”and“s”inword“use”.2.Oh,Isawoldwomansittingonachairbythelake.Maybesheis.3.Thenextmorning,shewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.4.Icaughtbadcoldandhadtostayinbed.5.Isyourpenblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.6.I’mgoingtoseemymother.Sheisillinhospital.7.Wehavethreemealsday.Wehavebreakfastat6:30inmorning.8.Tina,couldyoupleaseplaypianoformewhileI’msinging？9.Whatismostusefulinventioninthe20thcentury?10.Canyouseeone-eyedcowinfield?二、用適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)詞形式填空。1.Wewillhavea_________(two-month/two-months)holidayaftertheexam.

2.__________(Thousandof/Thousandsof)treesarecutdownintheforestseveryyear.3.I'mveryhungry,Ihaveeatentwocakes,wouldyoupleasegiveme_____(athird/thethird)one?4.____(Threefourth/Threefourths)ofthelandintheworldiscoveredbywater.5.Hehasworkedonthefarmfor____(twoandhalf/twoandahalf)years.6.XiaoMao