暑假作業(yè)11閱讀理解

完成時(shí)間：月日天氣：作業(yè)11閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)理解題干擾選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。 無(wú)中生有 符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。曲解文意 與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)。顛倒是非 在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。 正誤參半 部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。推理判斷類(lèi)掌握推理判斷題的考查角度(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：推斷隱含意義、寫(xiě)作意圖、觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度。 (2)低頻考點(diǎn)：推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、讀者對(duì)象。推理判斷題正確選項(xiàng)特征1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。2．選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。推理判斷題干擾選項(xiàng)特征1．曲解文意：即推測(cè)意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。推理判斷題中有些選項(xiàng)來(lái)自文章中的某一句或某幾句話(huà)，命題者可能會(huì)利用里面的詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)文章的意思，其實(shí)是借題發(fā)揮，是對(duì)原文意思的曲解。2．張冠李戴：即把文章中作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)與其他人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)混淆在一起。題干問(wèn)的是作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的卻是其他人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)；題干問(wèn)的是其他人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中卻出現(xiàn)了作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。3．偷梁換柱：干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話(huà)相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞，造成句意的改變。4．無(wú)中生有：這種類(lèi)型的干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)或普遍認(rèn)可的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，但在文章中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信息支撐點(diǎn)。其次，這種干擾項(xiàng)也有可能與設(shè)置的問(wèn)題毫不相干。5．魚(yú)目混珠：魚(yú)目混珠類(lèi)型的干擾項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類(lèi)試題的選項(xiàng)中，即利用某個(gè)詞或句子的字面含義代替其在文章特定語(yǔ)境中的具體含義。6．?dāng)U縮范圍：為了準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對(duì)文意范圍的限定，有時(shí)通過(guò)加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語(yǔ)對(duì)文意加以限制?！皵U(kuò)縮范圍”干擾法就是在選項(xiàng)中通過(guò)改變或去掉限制性詞語(yǔ)，將信息的范圍、程度、感情色彩等改變，從而給考生解題造成干擾的命題方法。詞義猜測(cè)類(lèi)掌握詞句猜測(cè)題的考查角度(1)猜測(cè)生詞或熟詞生義；(2)猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)的意義；(3)猜測(cè)替代詞所替代的內(nèi)容(如it,one,they,this,that,these,those等)；(4)猜測(cè)句意。明確方法技巧（1）根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)（2）根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)（3）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生、合成等)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)（4）根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)（5）根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)（6）根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)（7）根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)（8）意義吻合定句意主旨大意類(lèi)題型掌握主旨大意題的考查角度主旨大意類(lèi)題型主要測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問(wèn)的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。明確方法技巧1.閱讀文章的標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題2.尋找文章的主題句主題句的特點(diǎn)是：1.相對(duì)于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來(lái)解釋?zhuān)位虬l(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的思想的。一POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesroundtripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket. B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialTshirt. D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Typingyourpoemout. B.Writingapoemof120words.C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.【答案】13ACB【解析】本文為應(yīng)用文，內(nèi)容為詩(shī)歌競(jìng)賽的規(guī)則和獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知，旅行可以攜帶兩個(gè)人，故選A。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)50HonorableMentions這一段“Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”，由此可知，紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)是送的T恤，故選C。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Rules中“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.”，寫(xiě)詩(shī)用詞不能超過(guò)100詞，故選B。二Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨(dú)),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismotherinlaw,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.FouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathreestoreyVictorianhouseinBristol——oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismotherinlaw.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremoremon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of2534yearoldslivewiththeirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremoremoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.4.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.5.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismotherinlaw?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.6.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】47BACD【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了在英國(guó)，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項(xiàng)。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來(lái)看，一切都很順利。我推薦它嗎?是的，我想我會(huì)推薦在一起居住的?！庇纱伺袛喑?，尼克對(duì)和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報(bào)告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的32.5萬(wàn)戶(hù)增加到2013年的41.9萬(wàn)戶(hù)。根據(jù)第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of2534yearoldslivewiththeirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，據(jù)說(shuō)，2534歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)估計(jì)，英國(guó)多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬(wàn)。由此可知，作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。7.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨(dú)),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關(guān)于英國(guó)生活方式的一種上升趨勢(shì)。故選D項(xiàng)。三Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeecofriendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuynewecofriendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(設(shè)備)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energysavingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergysavingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy. B.Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C.Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints. D.Howtomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A.Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels. B.Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C.Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint. D.Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.10.Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A.Usingsecondhandtextbooks. B.Usingoldandexpensivecars.C.Buyingnewbutcheapclothes. D.Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.11."Thefootprint"underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin_______.A.usingtheproduct B.recyclingtheproductC.makingtheproduct D.transportingtheproduct【答案】811DDAC【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了作者在面對(duì)環(huán)保時(shí)的選擇：買(mǎi)新的環(huán)保產(chǎn)品還是舊的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品？針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，作者提出了碳足跡的概念并具體提出正確做法。8.主旨大意題。由文章第一段最后和第二段可知，作者最近有一個(gè)問(wèn)題：是買(mǎi)新的環(huán)保產(chǎn)品還是用傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品更好？在做了一些研究之后，作者進(jìn)行理論解釋和提出相應(yīng)建議，文章更重選擇那一類(lèi)產(chǎn)品，而非什么樣的電器，故選D。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段可知，二次足跡是我們使用的與產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和分解相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期的間接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由間接可排除A，B不是購(gòu)買(mǎi)而是且使用中的，C于文無(wú)據(jù)，D項(xiàng)最符合使用過(guò)程中間接產(chǎn)生二氧化碳的要求。10.推理判斷題。由文章第四段可知，像盤(pán)子、衣服和家具之類(lèi)的東西屬于“二次足跡”組，很少會(huì)產(chǎn)生二次足跡，所以可以集中精力尋找二手貨，以避免增加生產(chǎn)，教科書(shū)就是屬于這種類(lèi)型。故選A。11.詞義猜測(cè)題。選擇節(jié)能車(chē)型似乎最為合理，這里主要關(guān)心的是用于制造新產(chǎn)品的能源量，以及這些額外的碳是否值得產(chǎn)品在到達(dá)你面前時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的足跡，即是產(chǎn)品被創(chuàng)造出來(lái)而產(chǎn)生的碳足跡，與前面makingofnewproducts對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C。四Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（時(shí)裝）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海貍鼠）.UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMeCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnonnativespecies（物種）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtoeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitisecofriendly.12.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguiltfreefur. B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand. D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.13.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously. B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcatsizedanimals. D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.15.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal. B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful. D.It'straditional.【答案】1215AADB【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了海貍鼠毛皮市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展及人們對(duì)穿著海貍鼠毛皮制成的不同風(fēng)格的時(shí)裝的各種觀(guān)點(diǎn)。12.考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段“UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.”“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear…”，故選A。13.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段“ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.”和第四段“NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild‘Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnonnativespecies.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment…’”，故選A。14.考查詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞所在句的后半部分“thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy…”（貓那么大小的動(dòng)物瘋狂地繁殖），與之相反，海貍鼠市場(chǎng)在20世紀(jì)80年代末崩潰了，故選D。15.考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段“Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork”，故選B。五Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgroupofmorethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtmorethan825,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplorethisnewpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwoyearjourneytoreportonwhattheyfound.Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sacagaweahadbeenkidnapped(綁架)byanenemytribewhenshewasabout12,thensoldtoaFrenchCanadiantrapper.WhenthetrapperwashiredasaguideforLewisandClark'sexpeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNativeAmericanpeopleontheir8,000milejourney.Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodandmedicinetohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whenaboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossingintowhatisnowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuchneededsupplies.Whentheyneededhorsestocrossrougharea,sheconvincedaShoshonetribe—ledbyherlonglostbrother—togivethemsome.ShewassoesteemedbyLewisandClarkthatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort(營(yíng)地).SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.Astheypassedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShoshonetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.ShereceivednopayforherservicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonintheexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16yearoldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemostfamousAmericanexpeditionofalltime.16．WhydidtheexplorershireSacagawea?A．Todotrade. B．Tofighttheenemy.C．Tobesafer. D．Tohelpmunicate.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“esteemed”inParagraph4mean?A．Respected. B．Suspected.C．Influenced. D．Promoted.18．WhatdoyouthinkofSacagawea'sroleintheexpedition?A．Active. B．Irreplaceable.C．Tricky. D．Unreliable.19．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aspecialhonor. B．Agreatexpedition.C．Anoutstandinggirl. D．Anunknownterritory.【答案】1619DABC【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述女孩Sacagawea幫助探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)成功探險(xiǎn)的故事。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNativeAmericanpeopleontheir8,000milejourney.可知，探險(xiǎn)家雇傭Sacagawea目的是幫助他們和當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎踩私涣鳌９蔬xD。17．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)單詞后半句whentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort.當(dāng)他們?cè)?805年11月到達(dá)太平洋時(shí)，Sacagawea被要求投票決定他們應(yīng)該在哪里建造營(yíng)地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis和Clark

的尊敬，他們才會(huì)要求Sacagawea決定在哪里露營(yíng)；由此可知，劃線(xiàn)單詞“esteemed”的意思是repected“尊敬”之意，故選A。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段描述SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.…andhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.Sacagawea再次證明了自己的能力，她的團(tuán)隊(duì)選擇了一條不同的路線(xiàn)，穿過(guò)現(xiàn)在的愛(ài)達(dá)荷州回家。當(dāng)他們經(jīng)過(guò)她的家鄉(xiāng)時(shí)，Sacagawea想起了她童年時(shí)在Shoshone部落留下的的足跡，并幫助探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)找到了道路。Clark甚至稱(chēng)贊她是他的“領(lǐng)航員”。可知，Sacagawea在探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)的地位是無(wú)可替代的。故選B。19．主旨大意題。本文講述女孩Sacagawea幫助探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)成功探險(xiǎn)的故事，由此可知，Anoutstandinggirl.一個(gè)杰出的女孩。切題。故選C。一We'veallbeenthere,whenareallyessentialitemthatyouhadtoorderonlinearrivesinsuchanunbelievableamountofpackagingthatitmakesyoufeellikeit'sanunpreparedgameofpassingtheparcel.It'smadeevenworsebythefactthatsomeofthepackagingcan'tberecycled.Infact,10milliontonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear.Alotofthisendsupinlandfill,two?thirdsofwhichcouldhaveinsteadbeenrecycled.Thegoodnews,however,isthathowpackagingwasteismanagedisinforaBIGshake?upinlinewiththe“polluterpaysprinciple”.Byplacingthemainpointofdutytopayonbrandowners,theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusableasmuchaspossible.Otherwise,theywillhavetopayhigherfees.ThisisasystemknownasExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)—meaningthatthosewhohavecontroloverpackagingdesigndecisionswillbeencouragedtodotherightthingfortheplanetatthebeginningandconsiderwhathappensattheendofthepackaging'slifefromthestart.Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwastemanagement,panieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemetwiththeassociatedlittlecoststoo.And,asanaddedbonus,thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory(強(qiáng)制性的)labellingonpackaging.Forexample,thiscouldbe“RECYCLE”or“DONOTRECYCLE”.Ofcourse,wehopethatthe“DONOTRECYCLE”categorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.1.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Two?thirdsofpackagingwasteisrecycled.B.Over?packagingisoftenthecaseinlife.C.Thequalityofgoodscannotbeguaranteed.D.Onlineshoppingisgettinglesspopular.2.Whowillberesponsibleforpayingpackagingwastecostsaccordingtothelaw?A.Designers. B.Producers.C.Customers. D.Localauthorities.3.WhatcantheEPRlawsleadthebrandownerstodo?A.Payhighertaxesandrecyclepackagingwaste.B.Putclearlabellingonpackagingandpromotesales.C.Cutpackagingwasteandimprovepackagingrecycling.D.Followthepackagingdesigntrendandtherightthings.4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheitemsorderedonlineinthefuture?A.Theirlabellingonpackagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.B.Themajorityoftheirpackagingneedn'tberecycled.C.Theywillbeofhighqualityandinexpensive.D.They'llarriveintherightamountofrecyclablepackaging.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型:說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然。主旨:為應(yīng)對(duì)過(guò)度包裝和包裝不能回收利用的問(wèn)題而制定的環(huán)保政策EPR和它可能帶來(lái)的影響與作用。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“insuchanunbelievableamountofpackaging”和第二段中“10milliontonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear”可推知,第一、二段告訴我們過(guò)度包裝在生活中是常有的事。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“inlinewiththe‘polluterpaysprinciple’”和第五段中“panieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste”可知,按照新的法律,污染者,即產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者,將負(fù)責(zé)支付包裝垃圾處理費(fèi)用。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusable”和最后一段中“thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory(強(qiáng)制性的)labellingonpackaging”可知,新的EPR法令會(huì)促使品牌所有者減少包裝浪費(fèi),改善包裝回收利用狀況。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“Ofcourse,wehopethatthe‘DONOTRECYCLE’categorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.”可推知,未來(lái)網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)的商品將用合適數(shù)量的可回收包裝打包遞送。二ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P?selectinglycoproteinligand1(PSGL?1),whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit(抑制)theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL?1canbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu—anaccessory(附屬)proteinofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL?1toresistHIV.FurtherresearchisunderwaytodevelopadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL?1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,aresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorofthestudy.SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade(避開(kāi))them.PSGL?1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.“Wearestartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule(分子)poundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcanrestorePSGL?1'santi?HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,”hesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfortheresearchtoreachthepreclinicalstage,andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.TheresearchwasconductedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityintheUnitedStates.ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonabinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong?termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaidinastatement.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL?1fromthepassage?A.BoththeproteinPSGL?1andtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.B.PSGL?1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.C.PSGL?1'smoleculepoundshavebeenidentified.D.TheproteinPSGL?1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.TheexistingtreatmentforAIDSarefarfromperfect.B.Itwillbeadecadebeforetheantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.C.Americanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery.3.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.B.MorepeoplearefacedwiththethreatofHIV.C.ChinesescientistsareleadingthewayincuringAIDS.D.AnewproteintoresistHIVwasconfirmedbyscientists.4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Afiction.C.Amagazine. D.Abrochure.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型:說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)。主旨:中國(guó)科學(xué)家新發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白質(zhì),這可能為研發(fā)抗艾滋病病毒的新藥品開(kāi)辟路徑。1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“PSGL?1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.”可知,PSGL?1具有多種抗艾滋病病毒功能,展現(xiàn)良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病毒的傳染性。故PSGL?1蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonabinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong?termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.”可知,目前艾滋病的治療方式是多種藥物的結(jié)合,往往治標(biāo)不治本,長(zhǎng)期使用還會(huì)讓人產(chǎn)生抗藥性,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)稱(chēng)不上完美。3.D主旨要義題。根據(jù)文章第一句中“ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection”和下文內(nèi)容可知,文章大意為科學(xué)家證實(shí)了一種新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白質(zhì)。4.C推理判斷題。本文主要講述中國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白質(zhì),以及其后續(xù)的研究和影響。所以本文最有可能來(lái)自雜志。三ThevillageofMisfatAlAbriyeenhaschangeditsfortunesbytransformingmud?brickhomesintofinehotels.Thevillageof800people,locatedonthecliffsofOman's“GrandCanyon”,openeditsnarrowstreetsyearsagotoforeignersandlocalsseekingadventureinthedesertsandgreencornersoftheGulfarea.VillagerYacoubAl?Abrisaiditallstartedin2010whenhisunclesuggestedtheytakeanotherlookatthemudhousesthathadlainignoredforyearsintheancientsettlementaboutthreehours'drivefromthecapitalMuscat.Theownershadabandonedthecenturies?oldhomes,fearingtheycouldtopple,andmovedtotheoppositesideofthevillagewheretheybuiltnewacmodation.Thebrown?walledhomes,madeofmudbrickswithpalm?leaveroofs,wereturnedintosimplebutelegantinnswithwoodfurnitureandhandcraftsmadeusingskillshandeddownfromtheirancestors.“Westartedwithonlyfiverooms,thenweincreasedthenumberandboughtotheroldhouses.Todaywehave15roomsandthereareplanstocontinueexpandinguntilwereach50,”Al?Abrisaid.Atanaltitudeofmorethan1,000meters,thetinyvillagewhichishometohistribeisacharmingcollectionoftraditionalhouseslocatedalongdozensofsmallalleys(小巷)overlookinglandsburstingwithbananaplantsandcitrusandpalmtrees.ItispartofaregionknownastheGrandCanyonofOmanwheretouristscanhiketherockymountainsandvalleys,andexploretheoldwaysoflocalpeople.Theregionisalsofamedforitscenturies?oldstoriesthatarestillwidelytoldinsimilarvillagesacrossthecountry.Renoda,aDutchpsychologistlivinginMuscat,wasvisitingwiththreeofherfriends.“It'sperhapsthe10thtimethatIhavevisitedthishotelsincelastyear.Iehereforanightortwoeverymonthseekingcalm,relaxationandfort,”shetoldAFP.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“topple”inparagraph2mean?A.Move. B.Fall.C.Disappear. D.Shrink.2.Whataretheroomsofthevillagehotelslike?A.Splendid. B.Outdated.C.Ordinary. D.Traditional.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theuniquelifestyleofthelocalpeople.B.Thespecialsituationofthesmallvillage.C.Thereasonsforthepopularityofthevillage.D.Theintroductionofthehistoryofthevillage.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutRenoda?A.Shelivesastressfullifeinthecity.B.Sheenjoysadventuroustraveling.C.Visitingthevillagersispartofherwork.D.Shewantstoliveinthishotelper