四川省平昌中學(xué)等校2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）

四川省平昌中學(xué)高2023級第三學(xué)期入學(xué)考試題英語考試時間：120分鐘滿分：150分注意事項：1.答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考號填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.答選擇題時，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號。3、答非選擇題時，必須使用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4、所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效。5、考試結(jié)束后，只將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力分（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1Whatisthemaninterestedin?AThefood.B.Thewine.C.Theculture.2.Howdoesthemansound?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Disappointed.3.Whatdoesthewomanmainlywanttodo?A.Goshopping.B.Savemoney.C.Buyanewhouse.4.Whenwillthemanwatchthemovie?A.ThisFriday.B.ThisSaturday.C.NextTuesday.5.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inacinema.B.Inalibrary.C.Inaclassroom.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7小題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Competitors.C.Colleagues.7.WhatdoesElainethinkoftheman?A.Shy.B.NervousC.Sociable.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthetimenow?A.Around6:00p.m.B.Around6:30p.m.C.Around7:00p.m9.Inwhichdirectionwerethespeakerssupposedtodrive?A.South.B.North.C.East.10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makingajoke.B.GivingdirectionsC.Blamingthewoman聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakerslookingat?A.Aphone.B.Apicture.C.Amap.12.Wheredothespeakerswanttogo?A.Totheforest.B.Tothelake.C.Totherocks.13.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Startwalking.B.Makeacall.C.Haveadrink.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.HowlonghasthemanbeeninChina?A.Foramonth.B.Forayear.C.Foradecade.15.HowdidthemanfeelabouthisearlyexperienceinChina?A.Lonely.B.Happy.C.Busy.16.Wheredoesthemanmeetaproblem?A.Atthebank.B.Attheshop.C.Atthebarber's.17.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoforhismainproblem?A.Writeanote.B.Carrysomecash.C.ConsultaChinese.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatistheagedifferencebetweentwocouple?A.Oneyear.B.Twoyears.C.Threeyears.19.Howdidthecouple'sdaughterfeelafterseeingthefilm?A.Amused.B.Moved.C.Uninterested.20.Whatisthestoryabout?A.Thefilmindustryinthe1960s.B.Theweddingtraditionsinthe1960s.C.Thediscoveryofaweddingfilminthe1960s.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，.選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWinterisforworkinghard;summerisforplayinghard.FromtheBahamastoAmsterdam,wehaveseveralmostappealingsummervacationspotsforyoutochoosefrom.TheBahamasWhilethereisariskofgettingrainedonduringhurricaneseason,Junegenerallyseesmildweather,fewercrowdsandsignificantlylowerprices.WhilesomeresortsintheOutIslandsmayclose,NewProvidenceandParadiseIslandremainopenyear-round.It’sagoodchoiceforfamilieslookingforatasteofrelaxingislandliving.MackinacIsland,MIMackinacIsland,20minutesbyboatfromeithertheUpperorLowerPeninsulaofMichigan,comesaliveonsummerweekends.Mostofitsroughly4squaremilesisparkland,suitableforhikingandcycling.Besuretotakeinthebeautifularchitecture—VictoriancottagesthatdatebacktojustaftertheCivilWar.Youcanhaveatasteoftimesgoneby;carswerebannedmorethanahundredyearsago,andhorse-drawncarriagesarestillusedtogetaroundtoday.AmsterdamSummeristheidealtimetovisitthiscity.Thegrayskieshavelifted,festivalsaboundandeventstoenjoyincludetheOpenGardenDays,whenvisitorscanpeekintotheprivategardensbehindthebeautifulhousesthatlinethefamouscanals.Youcanexperienceurbanadventure,crossingAmsterdam’sthousandsofbridgesandwaterwaysbybikeandbyboatinsearchoftheperfectbrowncafé.OceanCity,MDThisEastCoastbeachtownisbestknownforitsboardwalk,whichisknownforold-schoolamusementrides.Cyclinginthetownisalsoagreatpleasure.Grabyourwalletsandfeastonhard-shelledcrabsatHooper’scrabhouseordrinkinthesunsetwithalocalbeerinhandfromFager’sIslandRestaurant&Bar’slargebayfrontdecksParkingisfreewithyourconsumingreceipt.Youcan’tmissaclassicwalkalongtheboardwalkandthetasteofThrasher’svinegarandOldBayFrenchfries1.Wherecouldyougoifyouwanttoenjoyabitofhistory?A.TheBahamas B.MackinacIsland. C.Amsterdam. D.OceanCity.2.Accordingtothetext,whatcanyouexperienceinAmsterdam?A.Exploringwaterwaysinaboat B.EatingseafoodinthesunsetC.Enjoyinglifeonislandswithfamily D.Ridinghorse-drawncarriages.3.WhatdoMackinacIslandandOceanCityhaveincommon?A.Theyprovidefreeparking B.TheyhavesnackstoofferC.Theyaresuitableforcycling D.Theyhaveancienttouristspots【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個夏季旅游勝地，包括巴哈馬、麥基諾克島、阿姆斯特丹和海洋城，提供了關(guān)于這些地方的天氣、景點、活動和特色美食等信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MackinacIsland,MI下的“Besuretotakeinthebeautifularchitecture—VictoriancottagesthatdatebacktojustaftertheCivilWar.Youcanhaveatasteoftimesgoneby;carswerebannedmorethanahundredyearsago,andhorse-drawncarriagesarestillusedtogetaroundtoday.(一定要去看看美麗的建筑——維多利亞時代的小屋，它們可以追溯到內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后不久。你可以品嘗到逝去的時光；汽車在一百多年前就被禁止了，今天人們?nèi)匀皇褂民R車出行)”可知，如果你想享受一點歷史，你可以去MackinacIsland,MI。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Amsterdam下的“Thegrayskieshavelifted,festivalsaboundandeventstoenjoyincludetheOpenGardenDays,whenvisitorscanpeekintotheprivategardensbehindthebeautifulhousesthatlinethefamouscanals.Youcanexperienceurbanadventure,crossingAmsterdam’sthousandsofbridgesandwaterwaysbybikeandbyboatinsearchoftheperfectbrowncafé.(灰色的天空已經(jīng)消失，節(jié)日和活動比比皆是，包括開放花園日，游客可以在著名運河兩旁的美麗房屋后面窺視私人花園。你可以體驗城市冒險，騎自行車或乘船穿過阿姆斯特丹成千上萬的橋梁和水道，尋找完美的棕色咖啡館)”可知，游客在Amsterdam可以體驗乘船探索水道。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MackinacIsland,MI下的“Mostofitsroughly4squaremilesisparkland,suitableforhikingandcycling.(它大約4平方英里的大部分是公園，適合徒步旅行和騎自行車)”以及OceanCity,MD下的“Cyclinginthetownisalsoagreatpleasure.(在城里騎自行車也是一種極大的樂趣)”可知，MackinacIsland和OceanCity的共同之處是：它們適合騎自行車。故選C項。BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher. B.Herdiseasedidn’tbecomeworse.C.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill. D.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts. B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments. D.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thepublicinvolvement. B.Thecouple’scommitment.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Humorousandelegant. B.Influentialandunderstanding.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了38歲的麥金太爾和丈夫建立了名為RIP醫(yī)療債務(wù)的組織，來幫助那些無力支付醫(yī)療債務(wù)的人。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.(但她意識到，在某種程度上，她比其他一些人幸運。她有保險來支付醫(yī)療費用)”可知，麥金太爾覺得自己比其他人幸運因為她有醫(yī)療保障。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.(盡管她的健康狀況每況愈下，麥金太爾還是決定幫助盡可能多的人還清醫(yī)療債務(wù)。這對夫婦開始向一個名為RIP醫(yī)療債務(wù)的組織捐款，該組織致力于為他人償還未付的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，麥金太爾女士和她的丈夫通過償還他人的治療債務(wù)幫助別人。故選C。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(這對夫婦在一個網(wǎng)站上建立了一個頁面，為這個目的籌集資金。他們原本希望籌集到大約2萬美元。盡管如此，麥金太爾的最后一條帖子還是引起了很多關(guān)注。她的網(wǎng)頁上的捐款很快就超過了總目標。在不到一周的時間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預(yù)期的10倍，捐款仍在不斷增加。到2023年11月22日，麥金太爾的網(wǎng)頁已經(jīng)籌集了超過62.7萬美元，足以償還約6000萬美元的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，第四段的主要內(nèi)容是公眾參與。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.(但麥金太爾和她的丈夫格雷戈里知道，許多癌癥患者因為醫(yī)療費用而面臨艱難的決定，最終欠下的錢遠遠超過了他們的支付能力)”可知，麥金太爾女士能夠理解他人的處境，結(jié)合第四段“Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(盡管如此，麥金太爾的最后一條帖子還是引起了很多關(guān)注。她的網(wǎng)頁上的捐款很快就超過了總目標。在不到一周的時間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預(yù)期的10倍，捐款仍在不斷增加。到2023年11月22日，麥金太爾的網(wǎng)頁已經(jīng)籌集了超過62.7萬美元，足以償還約6000萬美元的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，麥金太爾女士很有影響力。故可推知，麥金太爾女士有影響力和理解他人。故選B。CIt’scommonlyacknowledgedthatourlivesareruledbyalgorithms(算法),buthavewereallycollectivelyunderstoodhowtheyhavetransformedourcultureandpersonality?InFilterworld:Howalgorithmsflattenedculture,KyleChaykaarguesconvincinglythattheriseofalgorithm-drivenfeeds,usedeverywhereonlinefromInstagramtoSpotify,hasledtoamoreuniformculture.Ourtastesanddesiresincreasinglydon’tbelongtous,buttoalgorithmsthataredesignedtokeeppeopleengagedatallcosts.Ifthecollectionofourtastestrulyshapesourentirepersonality,thenthislossismorepsychologicallydamagingthanitfirstappears.Aimlesslyscrolling(滾屏)throughNetflixorTikTokmayseemharmless,butoverdays,monthsoryears,welosetouchwithwhatwelikeandenjoy.Taste-makingalgorithmsareinescapable.Chaykashowsthisbyworkingthroughallcornersoflife:whatwewear(TikTok),whereweeat(GoogleMaps),musicwelistento(Spotify),evenwhowedateormarry(Tinder).Thisuniverseofalgorithm-drivendecisionshassociety-wideimplications:“Itextendstoinfluenceourphysicalspaces,ourcities,andtherouteswemovethrough…flatteningtheminturn.”NoonegetsoutoftheFilterworlduntouched.Ifyou’reluckyenoughnottoneedanysortofalgorithm-basedsystemforyourwork,thenyouhavetheoptiontostepbackfromalgorithmsforawhile.ButifyourfriendsuggestsafilmrecommendedonX/Twitteroryoufeeltheneedtobuythoseshoessuddenlyeveryonehasstartedwearingaftersocialmediaadvertisements,whatareyoutodo?Itallfeelsfruitless.ThisFilterworldmaybeinescapable,butthereishope.Youcanstartbyengagingmorewiththemediayoudochoosetoconsume.Thiscouldmeanreadingupaboutafilmyouwatchedorpayingartistsyoulikedirectly.Eventhethoughtfulactofrecommendinganalbum(專輯)toafriendismorerewardingthanarandomTikTokfeed.AsChaykasays,resistancetoalgorithms“requiresanactofwillpower,achoicetomovethroughtheworldinadifferentway.”8.WhatisKyleChayka’sopiniononalgorithms?A.Theyimproveourtastes. B.Theymakeourculturemorealike.C.Theyhelptoidentifyourpersonality. D.Theycontributetopsychologicalproblems.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph3referto?A.Thesocietywithadvancedtechnology. B.Theworldwithoutsocialmediaplatforms.C.Thenetworkofalgorithm-drivendecisions. D.Thecommunityfreefromalgorithmicinfluence.10.Whichofthefollowingisawaytoresisttheimpactofalgorithms?A.Limitingtheuseofsocialmediaplatforms. B.Makingchoicesbasedonfriends’suggestions.C.Gettingmoreinvolvedwiththeselectedmedia. D.Disconnectingfromsocialmediaadvertisements.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Algorithms:CulturalTakeover B.TheSecretofAlgorithmsC.SocialMedia:CulturalMessenger D.TheRiseofDigitalPlatforms【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人們的生活普遍受到了算法的影響，算法使我們的文化更加相似，對此提出了一些避免文化被算法趨同的建議?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InFilterworld:Howalgorithmsflattenedculture,KyleChaykaarguesconvincinglythattheriseofalgorithm-drivenfeeds,usedeverywhereonlinefromInstagramtoSpotify,hasledtoamoreuniformculture.Ourtastesanddesiresincreasinglydon’tbelongtous,buttoalgorithmsthataredesignedtokeeppeopleengagedatallcosts.(在《過濾器世界：算法如何使文化扁平化》一書中，KyleChayka令人信服地指出，從Instagram到Spotify，算法驅(qū)動的信息流在網(wǎng)上無處不在，它的興起導(dǎo)致了一種更加統(tǒng)一的文化。我們的品味和欲望越來越不屬于我們自己，而是屬于那些旨在不惜一切代價讓人們參與其中的算法。)”可知，KyleChayka對算法的看法是它們使我們的文化更加相似。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Thisuniverseofalgorithm-drivendecisionshassociety-wideimplications:“Itextendstoinfluenceourphysicalspaces,ourcities,andtherouteswemovethrough…flatteningtheminturn.”(這種由算法驅(qū)動的決策對整個社會都有影響：“它延伸到影響我們的物理空間、城市和我們走過的路線……反過來使它們扁平化?！?”可知，算法驅(qū)動的決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)影響到了我們生活的各個方面，沒有人能不受影響地從算法驅(qū)動的決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)走出來。故劃線部分指的是“算法驅(qū)動的決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThisFilterworldmaybeinescapable,butthereishope.Youcanstartbyengagingmorewiththemediayoudochoosetoconsume.(這個“過濾世界”可能是不可避免的，但還是有希望的。你可以從更多地參與你選擇消費的媒體開始。)”可知，更多地參與選定的媒體是抵抗算法影響的方法。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“It’scommonlyacknowledgedthatourlivesareruledbyalgorithms(算法),buthavewereallycollectivelyunderstoodhowtheyhavetransformedourcultureandpersonality?(人們普遍認為，我們的生活是由算法控制的，但我們真的理解了它們是如何改變我們的文化和個性的嗎？)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了人們的生活普遍受到了算法的影響，算法使我們的文化更加相似，對此提出了一些避免文化被算法趨同的建議。可知，A選項“算法：文化接管”最符合文章標題。故選A。DIfyourpartnergetsdownononekneetopropose,oryougetacallwiththejoboffer,yourreactionmightbetoshoutitfromtherooftops.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatkeepinggoodnewsasecretbeforetellingsomeoneelsecouldmakepeoplefeelmoreenergized.“Decadesofresearchonsecrecysuggestitisbadforourwell-being.However,thisworkhasonlyexaminedkeepingsecretsthathavenegativeeffectsforourlives.Issecrecyinherentlybadforourwell-beingordothenegativeeffectsofsecrecytendtooriginatefromkeepingnegativesecrets?”askedleadresearcherofthelatestresearchMichaelSlepian,PhD,aprofessorofbusinessatColumbiaUniversity.Intheexperiment,someparticipantswereaskedtoreflectonthegoodnewstheykeptsecret,whileothersreflectedongoodnewsthatwasnotsecret,andthenratedhowenergizedthenewsmadethemfeelandwhethertheyintendedtosharethenewswithsomeoneelse.Theresearchersfoundthattheparticipantswhoreflectedontheirpositivesecretsreportedfeelingmoreenergizedthantheparticipantswhothoughtabouttheirgoodnewsthatwasnotsecret.Theresearchnuancesourunderstandingofthescienceofsecrets.Negativesecretstendtodepleteusandhavealsobeenlinkedtoanxietyanddepression.Positivesecrets,however,seemtohaveanenergizingeffectandmakepeoplealive.Onefactorcouldbethatpeopleoftenhavedifferentmotivationsforkeepinggoodnewstothemselves.Thosewithpositivesecretsweremuchmorelikelytokeepquietforinternalreasons,notbecausetheyfeltanyoutsidepressures.“Peoplesometimesgotogreatlengthstoplanrevealingapositivesecrettomakeitallthemoreexciting.Thiskindofsurprisecanbeintenselyenjoyable,butsurpriseisthemostfleetingofouremotions,”Slepiansaid.“Havingextratimedays,weeksorevenlonger-toimaginethejoyfulsurpriseonanotherperson’sfaceallowsusmoretimewiththisexcitingmoment,evenifonlyinourownminds.”12.WhatdidMichaelSlepianthinkofthepreviousresearchonsecrecy?A.One-sided. B.Pointless. C.Convincing. D.Pioneering.13.Intheexperiment,someparticipantsweremoreenergizedbecause______.A.theywereoptimisticandcheerful.B.theywerefreefromsecrets.C.theyhadundisclosedpositivesecrets.D.theyhadsharedgoodnewswithothers.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4mean?A.Spoil. B.Exhaust. C.Confuse. D.Panic.15.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatdidSlepiansuggestreadersdo?A.Neverrevealasecretcasually.B.Letyourimaginationrunwild.C.Becreativewhensurprisingothers.D.Delaysharingapositivesecret.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了哥倫比亞大學(xué)的教授MichaelSlepian關(guān)于保密的研究，他發(fā)現(xiàn)在告訴別人之前把好消息保密可以使人們感到更有活力?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Decadesofresearchonsecrecysuggestitisbadforourwell-being.However,thisworkhasonlyexaminedkeepingsecretsthathavenegativeeffectsforourlives.Issecrecyinherentlybadforourwell-beingordothenegativeeffectsofsecrecytendtooriginatefromkeepingnegativesecrets?”（幾十年來對保密的研究表明，保密對我們的健康有害。然而，這項工作只研究了保守對我們的生活有負面影響的秘密。保密是天生對我們的幸福有害，還是保密的負面影響往往源于保守負面秘密？）可知，MichaelSlepian認為以前的研究只關(guān)注了保守負面秘密的影響，很片面，忽視了保守積極秘密的影響，故選A?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theresearchersfoundthattheparticipantswhoreflectedontheirpositivesecretsreportedfeelingmoreenergizedthantheparticipantswhothoughtabouttheirgoodnewsthatwasnotsecret.”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，反思他們積極秘密的參與者比思考他們不是秘密的好消息的參與者感到更有活力。）可知，一些參與者因為他們有未公開的積極秘密而感到更有活力，故選C。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Negativesecretstendtodepleteusand

havealsobeenlinkedtoanxietyanddepression.”（消極的秘密往往會deplete，也與焦慮和抑郁癥有關(guān)。）可推知，負面的秘密有不利影響，往往會耗盡我們。故deplete在此處意為“耗盡”，故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Peoplesometimesgotogreatlengthstoplanrevealingapositivesecrettomakeitallthemoreexciting.Thiskindofsurprisecanbeintenselyenjoyable,butsurpriseisthemostfleetingofouremotions”（人們有時會不遺余力地計劃透露一個積極的秘密，讓它變得更加令人興奮。這種驚喜可能非常令人愉快，但驚喜是我們情緒中最短暫的。）和“Havingextratimedays,weeksorevenlonger-toimaginethejoyfulsurpriseonanotherperson’sfaceallowsusmoretimewiththisexcitingmoment,evenifonlyinourownminds.”（有額外的時間——幾天，幾周甚至更長的時間——想象別人臉上的喜悅驚喜，讓我們有更多的時間享受這個激動人心的時刻，即使只是在我們自己的腦海中。）可推知，告訴別人之前把好消息保密可以使人們感到更興奮，Slepian建議讀者延遲分享積極的秘密，故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Rockclimbinghasbecomeamainstreampleasureenjoyedbymany.Thenaturalworldoffersathrillingadventurethroughbeautifulenvironmentsfilledwithwildlife.However,rockclimbinghappensinplacesthataregenerallyhardtoaccessandunsuitableforagriculturalexpansionandurbanization.Asaresult,theyhavegenerallysufferedlesshumanimpactandtheareastendtobeimportantsitesforbiodiversity.___16___Withthesportbooming,theamazingbiodiversitysustainedbycliffecosystemsisunderpressure.___17___Givingnestingbirdssomeplaceiswhatclimberscando.Thepresenceofclimbersatthecliffwherebirdsarenestingtendstocausethemtoabandontheirchickstostarvation.Climbersshouldcheckinadvanceifthereareanybirdnestingrestrictions.Thisinformationisusuallyavailableonclimbingguidebooks.___18___Ifclimbersspotanest,trytoleaveanoteandfindawaytocommunicatethistotherestofthelocalclimbingcommunity.Somecliff-specialistplantspecieshaveverynarrowranges.Ifasuitablehabitatisrare,theyhavefewopportunitiestogrowelsewhere.However,climberscanremovevegetationandsoilwhenestablishingaroutethathasnotbeenclimbedbefore.___19___Soclimbersshouldkeeptheimpactonvegetationinmindwhendevelopingnewclimbingroutes.Eventheycanworkwithotherroutedevelopersandconservationiststounderstandthepotentialimpactontheplants.Thenumberofclimbersheadingouttothesecliffsisincreasingatanastonishingpace.Itisessentialforclimberstoknowwhattheycandofortheprotectionofthecliffecosystem.___20___Pleasehelpthosewithlessexperienceandknowledgebysharingtheinformationaboutclimbingandbiodiversitydamage!A.Thiscanwipeoutthecliffecosystemthatwastherepreviously.B.Andsomeorganizationshaveanonlinedatabaseofferedtocheck.C.Therefore,everyclimberisresponsibleforprotectingthecliffecosystem.D.Evenclimberscanasktheclimbinggymtoorganiseadiscussionaboutthistopic.E.Seeminglyastraightforwardwayistospreadthewordaboutthesegoodpractices.F.Thesedatacanthenbeaccessedbyscientiststoavoidenvironmentalissuesoncliffs.G.Forexample,40%ofsportclimbingareasinSpainarefoundinnatureprotectionareas.【答案】16.G17.B18.E19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞“攀巖運動對懸崖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及生物多樣性的影響”這一主題展開，通過闡述攀巖活動對鳥類、植物等生物的影響，以及攀巖者可以采取的保護措施，來提醒和呼吁攀巖者關(guān)注并保護懸崖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“However,rockclimbinghappensinplacesthataregenerallyhardtoaccessandunsuitableforagriculturalexpansionandurbanization.Asaresult,theyhavegenerallysufferedlesshumanimpactandtheareastendtobeimportantsitesforbiodiversity.(然而，攀巖活動通常發(fā)生在交通不便、不適合農(nóng)業(yè)擴張和城市化的地方。因此，它們通常受到較少的人類影響，而且這些地區(qū)往往是生物多樣性的重要地點。)”可知，本空應(yīng)繼續(xù)談?wù)撆蕩r活動發(fā)生的地區(qū)。選項G“Forexample,40%ofsportclimbingareasinSpainarefoundinnatureprotectionareas.(例如，西班牙40%的運動攀巖區(qū)位于自然保護區(qū)。)”能承接上文，符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Givingnestingbirdssomeplaceiswhatclimberscando.Thepresenceofclimbersatthecliffwherebirdsarenestingtendstocausethemtoabandontheirchickstostarvation.Climbersshouldcheckinadvanceifthereareanybirdnestingrestrictions.Thisinformationisusuallyavailableonclimbingguidebooks.(給筑巢的鳥一些地方是攀登者能做的。在鳥類筑巢的懸崖上，登山者的出現(xiàn)往往會導(dǎo)致它們把雛鳥餓死。攀登者應(yīng)事先查詢有關(guān)雀鳥筑巢的限制。這些信息通?？梢栽诘巧街改蠒险业?。)”可知，這里需要一個提供信息來源的選項。選項B“Andsomeorganizationshaveanonlinedatabaseofferedtocheck(一些組織有一個在線數(shù)據(jù)庫可供查詢。)”能引起下文，符合語境。故選B。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Ifclimbersspotanest,trytoleaveanoteandfindawaytocommunicatethistotherestofthelocalclimbingcommunity.(如果登山者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個巢穴，試著留下一張紙條，并找到一種方法與當?shù)嘏蕩r社區(qū)的其他人交流。)”可知，下文舉例進行了說明應(yīng)該如何處理這些數(shù)據(jù)，選項應(yīng)該提出正確的方法。選項E“Seeminglyastraightforwardwayistospreadthewordaboutthesegoodpractices.(似乎一個簡單的方法是傳播這些良好做法。)”能引起下文，符合語境。故選E。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“Somecliff-specialistplantspecieshaveverynarrowranges.Ifasuitablehabitatisrare,theyhavefewopportunitiestogrowelsewhere.However,climberscanremovevegetationandsoilwhenestablishingaroutethathasnotbeenclimbedbefore.(一些懸崖特有的植物種類分布范圍很窄。如果合適的棲息地很少，它們就沒有機會在其他地方生長。然而，登山者在建立以前沒有攀登過的路線時可以清除植被和土壤。)”可知，這里需要一個說明這種行為對崖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成壞的結(jié)果的選項。選項A“Thiscanwipeoutthecliffecosystemthatwastherepreviously.(這可能會摧毀以前存在的懸崖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。)”能承接上文，符合語境。故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Pleasehelpthosewithlessexperienceandknowledgebysharingtheinformationaboutclimbingandbiodiversitydamage!(請通過分享攀巖和生物多樣性破壞的信息來幫助那些經(jīng)驗和知識較少的人！)”可知，本空應(yīng)談?wù)摰巧秸叩呢熑?。選項C“Therefore,everyclimberisresponsibleforprotectingthecliffecosystem.(因此，每個登山者都有責任保護懸崖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。)”能引起下文，符合語境。故選C。第三部分：語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Staton,onceaMarylandsanitation（公共衛(wèi)生）worker,wasacceptedtoHarvardLawSchool.His___21___Americansuccessstorywentviral.“AlthoughIget___22___fordiligence,workinghardwastheeasypartbecauseIcouldcontrolthat,”saidStaton.“ButIjusthappenedtobearoundpeoplewhocaredenoughaboutme.”FromearlyonStatonunderstoodthe___23___oflife.Hismother___24___thefamilywhenhewas8.HeandolderbrotherReggiewereraised___25___bytheirdad.Thefamilyofthreestruggledtomakeends___26___.Hesawhisfamily'scontinualstruggletostay___27___theuphillbattletodobetter.Afterhighschool,Statonquittheadmissiontoacollegeandworkedinatrashcompany,wherehisco-workers___28___himtodomorewithhislifeandgotocollege.Itmotivatedhim.Ayearlater,hefoundhis___29___totheUniversityofMaryland.Butheknewtheeffortandsacrificewerenothis____30____.Reggiedroppedoutofcollegetohelpwiththefamilyfinanceswhenhisfatherhadastroke,____31____Statontofinishcollege.The____32____forabetterlifeforhisfamilywasthemainreasonheappliedtolawschoolforthefurtherstudy.Statonwas____33____tofiveoftheninelawschools,Harvardincluded.“Whenmystorywentviral,themediapresenteditasahappystory,somethinglike‘GarbageManAppliestoHarvard,____34____In',”hesaid.“ButIdiditto____35____myfamily.”21.A.odd B.self-made C.original D.self-controlled22.A.credit B.commitment C.bonus D.inspiration23.A.value B.abundance C.instability D.poverty24.A.abandoned B.abused C.sacrificed D.ruined25.A.pessimistically B.cautiously C.delicately D.solely26.A.cross B.depart C.hug D.meet27.A.afloat B.awake C.aboard D.alert28.A.witnessed B.permitted C.pushed D.assigned29.A.attitude B.way C.calling D.honor30.A.respectively B.alone C.literally D.along31.A.identifying B.accelerating C.guaranteeing D.praying32.A.profile B.project C.impression D.desire33.A.distributed B.covered C.offered D.dismissed34.A.Breaks B.Gets C.Admits D.Comes35.A.strengthen B.restore C.resolve D.save【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.D27.A28.C29.B30.B31.C32.D33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了環(huán)衛(wèi)工人斯塔頓被哈弗大學(xué)法學(xué)院錄取的故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他在美國靠個人奮斗成功的故事迅速傳播開來。A.odd古怪