標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀

GB/Z 44235-2024是一項中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指導(dǎo)性技術(shù)文件，專注于納米技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中含聚合物納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)的特性及其測量方法。此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為理解、評估和對比此類材料提供了統(tǒng)一的框架和指導(dǎo)原則。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍

該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳細(xì)闡述了含有聚合物納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵性能特征，這些特征直接關(guān)聯(lián)到其在空氣凈化、污染控制以及其他需要高效過濾的應(yīng)用中的效能。聚合物納米纖維因其獨特的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和高比表面積，在提高過濾效率、降低空氣阻力以及增強對微小顆粒物捕獲能力方面展現(xiàn)出顯著優(yōu)勢。

特性描述

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)具體描述的特性可能包括但不限于：

  • 過濾效率：衡量過濾介質(zhì)去除空氣中特定大小顆粒物的能力。
  • 壓力損失（或稱為空氣阻力）：表示空氣通過過濾介質(zhì)時壓降的大小，影響能耗和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。
  • 容塵量：過濾介質(zhì)在達(dá)到設(shè)計使用極限前所能容納的灰塵量，直接影響使用壽命。
  • 透氣性：描述空氣通過過濾介質(zhì)的難易程度，與過濾效率和壓力損失緊密相關(guān)。
  • 微生物阻隔性能：對于特定應(yīng)用，如醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域，此特性尤為重要。

測量方法

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還規(guī)定了上述特性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測量方法，確保不同實驗室間測試結(jié)果的可比性和重復(fù)性。這包括：

  • 過濾效率測試：通常采用顆粒計數(shù)法或質(zhì)量法，依據(jù)特定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒徑分布挑戰(zhàn)，評估過濾效果。
  • 壓差測量：在恒定流量下測定過濾前后空氣壓力的變化，以計算壓力損失。
  • 容塵試驗：通過模擬實際工作條件，測量過濾介質(zhì)達(dá)到預(yù)定阻力或效率下降至某一水平前的累計塵埃負(fù)載。
  • 透氣性測試：在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件下測量單位面積過濾介質(zhì)允許空氣通過的體積流量。

應(yīng)用指導(dǎo)

雖然未直接要求總結(jié)，但可以理解，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)旨在為制造商、檢測機構(gòu)及用戶等提供一個共同遵循的基準(zhǔn)，確保含聚合物納米纖維空氣過濾介質(zhì)的質(zhì)量控制、性能評價及產(chǎn)品開發(fā)有據(jù)可依，促進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步和市場規(guī)范化。它不僅有助于提升空氣凈化產(chǎn)品的性能和可靠性，也對環(huán)境保護(hù)、公共衛(wèi)生安全以及相關(guān)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國際化對接具有重要意義。


如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。

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文檔簡介

ICS07.120

CCSL04

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化指導(dǎo)性技術(shù)文件

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

納米技術(shù)含聚合物納米纖維的

空氣過濾介質(zhì)特性及測量方法

Nanotechnologies—Characteristicsandmeasurementmethodsofair

filtermediacontainingpolymericnanofibers

（ISO/TS21237：2020，Nanotechnologies—Airfiltermediacontainingpolymeric

nanofibers—Specificationofcharacteristicsandmeasurementmethods，IDT）

2024?08?23發(fā)布2025?03?01實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································1

4縮略語····················································································································2

5待測特性及其測量方法·······························································································2

5.1概述·················································································································2

5.2基本特性和可選特性及其測量方法··········································································2

5.3特性及其測量方法的描述······················································································3

5.3.1概述············································································································3

5.3.2纖維直徑······································································································3

5.3.3形貌············································································································3

5.3.4比表面積······································································································4

5.3.5化學(xué)組成······································································································4

5.3.6熱穩(wěn)定性······································································································4

5.3.7晶體結(jié)構(gòu)······································································································4

5.3.8結(jié)晶度·········································································································5

5.3.9晶粒尺寸······································································································5

6報告·······················································································································5

附錄A（資料性）含納米纖維空氣過濾介質(zhì)的典型結(jié)構(gòu)························································6

附錄B（資料性）基本特性的檢測報告格式········································································8

附錄C（資料性）可選特性的檢測報告格式········································································9

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································10

Ⅰ

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件等同采用ISO/TS21237—2020《納米技術(shù)含聚合物納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)特性及

測量方法規(guī)范》，文件類型由ISO的技術(shù)規(guī)范調(diào)整為我國的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化指導(dǎo)性技術(shù)文件。

本文件做了下列最小限度的編輯性改動：

——為與現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)調(diào)，將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱更改為《納米技術(shù)含聚合物納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)特性

及測量方法》。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中國科學(xué)院提出。

本文件由全國納米技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC279）歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所、嘉興富瑞邦新材料科技有限公司、中國科學(xué)院

蘇州納米技術(shù)與納米仿生研究所。

本文件主要起草人：劉健、溫濤、許海燕、趙興雷、蔣攀、華婷、張學(xué)同、盛智芝。

Ⅲ

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

引言

空氣過濾介質(zhì)對不同類型空氣過濾器的性能和效率有重要作用。大多數(shù)空氣過濾介質(zhì)利用無紡

材料分離固體或液體微粒?？諝膺^濾介質(zhì)應(yīng)用廣泛，如用于燃?xì)廨啓C進(jìn)氣、工業(yè)除塵、呼吸面罩、個人

防護(hù)設(shè)備、供暖、通風(fēng)和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)、潔凈室等。

近年來，含納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)由于其具有高過濾效率和滑流效應(yīng)所帶來的低壓降特性（見

參考文獻(xiàn)[5]），已商業(yè)化并被廣泛應(yīng)用于不同行業(yè)。含納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)通?？赏ㄟ^在紡絲過

程中將一種或多種聚合物基納米纖維直接沉積在適當(dāng)?shù)亩嗫谆妆砻娑@得。

由于納米纖維的直徑顯著小于過濾器中使用的傳統(tǒng)微纖維，因此能夠提高慣性碰撞和攔截的幾

率，從而獲得更高的過濾效率。同時，滑流也能夠減小壓降，使更多的污染物流經(jīng)納米纖維表面，因而

也能提高慣性碰撞和攔截效率。在壓降相同的情況下，納米纖維層的過濾能力優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)纖維層。此

外，納米纖維的高比表面積有助于從空氣中吸附污染物。以上這些優(yōu)點使含納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)

廣泛用于空氣過濾（見參考文獻(xiàn)[5][6][7]）。

含納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)可通過靜電紡絲、離心紡絲等不同的技術(shù)進(jìn)行制造。納米纖維具有不

同的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌和直徑，其沉積在基底表面形成網(wǎng)狀無紡層。無紡層的比表面積和互穿纖維的孔

隙率主要受納米纖維直徑和形貌的影響。聚酰胺（PA）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚丙烯腈（PAN）和聚氨

酯（PU）等材質(zhì)的高分子納米纖維通常被用于空氣過濾介質(zhì)。納米纖維可以沉積在不同種類的紡織或

無紡基底上。附錄A顯示了含納米纖維空氣過濾介質(zhì)的截面示意圖（見圖A.1）及顯示其典型結(jié)構(gòu)、形

貌和紋理的SEM圖像（見圖A.2和圖A.3）。

本文件有助于促進(jìn)供需雙方的溝通，并為該類新型空氣過濾介質(zhì)不斷增長的貿(mào)易提供支持。

Ⅳ

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

納米技術(shù)含聚合物納米纖維的

空氣過濾介質(zhì)特性及測量方法

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了基底表面含聚合物納米纖維的空氣過濾介質(zhì)宜測量的特性，并描述了相應(yīng)的測量

方法。

本文件不涉及健康和安全相關(guān)的特性。

注：使用已公布的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對空氣過濾介質(zhì)與應(yīng)用相關(guān)的性質(zhì)/性能進(jìn)行評估。采用適合于特定應(yīng)用的測試方法

對過濾介質(zhì)的壓降和顆粒去除效率等物理性質(zhì)和性能進(jìn)行測量。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

本文件沒有規(guī)范性引用文件。

3術(shù)語和定義

下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

空氣過濾器airfilter

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