Unit2TheUniversalLanguageGrammarandusage課件高中英語譯林版(2020)選擇性

GrammarandusageVerb-ingformsassubjectsandobjectsUnit2Theuniversallanguage1.動名詞作主語一般表示泛指的、習(xí)慣性的行為，謂語動詞用______形式。

__________(Read)aloud___(be)agoodwaytolearnEnglish.2.動詞-ing形式作主語時常后置，用it作形式主語，用形容詞或名詞（短語）：It'snouse

cryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收Itwasawasteoftime

reading

thatbook.

做出努力是值得的（worth）。一、動詞-ing作主語單數(shù)ReadingisIt'sworth

makingtheeffort.歸納:常用動詞-ing形式作主語的句型有:Itis/was

awasteoftime

doing..做.....是浪費時間的。

nogood/use/fundoing..做.....是沒好處/用/意思的。

hardlyworthdoing...做.....是不值得的。

worth/worthwhiledoing...

做......是值得的。

nopointdoingsth.做某事毫無意義。Practice1.繼續(xù)等他沒有用了。2.為那個計劃爭論簡直就是浪費時間。It’snousewaitingforhimanylonger.It’sreallyawasteoftimearguingaboutthatplan.動詞-ing形式作主語VS不定式(短語)作主語-區(qū)別動詞-ing形式作主語表示抽象的泛指的行為,表示人的愛好、習(xí)慣、職業(yè)、經(jīng)驗等。不定式(短語)作主語往往表示具體的、一次性的、將來的動作，。Smokingisforbiddenhere.此處禁止吸煙。（抽象泛指）Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokehere.(具體的）Tovisit

Australiaismynextgoal.游覽澳大利亞是我的下一個目標(biāo)。（未來動作）Teachingchildrenmusicisherwork.教孩子們音樂是她的工作。（工作職業(yè)）1.

動名詞可以充當(dāng)______的賓語以及______后的賓語。如：Weareconsidering________(pay)avisittotheScienceMuseum.I’mfondof________

(collect)stampsandcoins.2.

后面只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞和詞組有：二、動詞-ing作賓語承認(rèn)(admit)允許（allow/permit）介意(mind)考慮(consider)禁止(forbid/prohibit)防止(prevent)建議(advise/suggest)原諒(forgive)推遲(delay/postpone/putoff)感覺像/想要(feellike)否認(rèn)（deny）

忍受(stand)持續(xù)(keep)動詞介詞payingcollecting3.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟動詞-ing形式作賓語，但如果有名詞或代詞作賓語，則構(gòu)成allow/advise/forbid/permit+e.g.Theyadvise_________(solve)theprobleminthisway.他們建議用這種方法解決這個問題。Wedon’tallowanybody___________(smoke)

here.我們不允許任何人在這兒吸煙。sb.todo.doingsolvingtosmoke4.

常見的跟動名詞形式作賓語的動詞短語有：二、動詞-ing作賓語insiston堅持

objectto反對·leadto導(dǎo)致

putoff

推遲

bedevotedto

致力于

get/beusedto習(xí)慣...

payattentionto

集中精力做

beworth

值得..Myparentsobjectsto_______that.我父母反對那樣做。YuanLongpingdevotesallhistimeandenergyto_________rice.袁隆平把他所有的時間都奉獻(xiàn)給了水稻研究。doingstudying5.既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞：begin,start,continue,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,mean,forget,remember,regret

等。(1)在begin,start,continue之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無區(qū)別。(2)在like,love,hate,prefer等動詞之后，用動名詞或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側(cè)重點有些不同：動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。(3)在動詞forget,remember,regret之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同：動名詞表示動作______發(fā)生，不定式表示動作______發(fā)生。Tips二、動詞-ing作賓語已經(jīng)還沒regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事(事情已經(jīng)做過)regrettodosth.遺憾要做某事(事情正要做或還未做)a.Iregretlendinghimsomuchmoneybecauseheneverpaidmeback.我很后悔借給他那么多錢，因為他從來沒有還過我。b.Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailedthetest.我遺憾的告訴你，你沒有通過考試。a.Missingthebusmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯過那趟巴士意味著就要再等一個小時。b.I’mfeelingveryguilty-I'vebeenmeaningtocallmyparentsfordays,butstillhaven'tgotaroundtoit.我感到非常內(nèi)疚——幾天來我一直打算給父母打電話，但還是沒機會打。meandoingsth意味著……meantodosth打算做某事

以下動詞和短語既可接不定式作賓語,也可接動詞-ing形式作賓語,但意義不同trytodosth.設(shè)法做某事trydoingsth.試試做某事beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodosth.被用來做某事can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事

can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事

goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做一直在做的事

goontodosth.接著做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事

stoptodosth.停下正在做的事去做另一件事.6.need,demand,want,require,在表示“需要”時，用動詞-ing形式的主動形式表被動意義，或用不定式的被動形式。need/demand/want/requiredoing=need/demand/want/requiretobedoneeg:翻譯：這輛車需要修理(repairv.)。Tips二、動詞-ing作賓語Thecarneedsrepairing.=Thecarneedstoberepaired.1.動名詞作主語或賓語時，有被動形式。如：________________(recognize)givesusconfidence..Thetopstarwenttothemarketwithout_______________(recognize).2.動名詞的否定形式是在前面加not，如：Youhavenoexcusefor

notgoing.3.動名詞作主語或賓語時，可加物主代詞或名詞所有格構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Sheleft,

annoyedbyyoursaying

that.Mary'sstayingupsolateworrieshermom.三、動詞-ing作主語/賓語的語態(tài)，否定Beingrecognizedbeingrecognized由“sb./sb.’s＋doing”構(gòu)成，實際上是給動詞-ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ingHer________(come)tohelpencouragedallofus.她的幫助鼓勵了我們所有人②名詞所有格＋動詞-ingTom’s___________(win)firstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.③代詞賓格＋動詞-ingCanyouimaginehim__________(cook)athome?你能想象他在家做飯嗎？④名詞＋動詞-ingThebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenly__________(shut).這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了四、動詞-ing作主語/賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)comingwinningcookingshuttingInChina’sSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods,therelivedamannamedBoya,whowasamasteroftheqin.Playingtheqinwashislife.Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.However,BoyabelievednoonecouldunderstandhismusicuntilhemetZhongZigi.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,yetZhongZiqiwasabletopaintapictureofgreatmountainrangesinhismind.WhenBoyacontinuedplaying,ZhongZiqisaidhehadheardthesoundofariverflowingquickly.Infact,BoyahadintendedtocallthepieceHighMountainsandFlowingWater.HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.Thetwosoonbecamegreatfriendsandbeforegoingtheirseparateways,theyagreedtomeetattheMid-AutumnFestivalthenextyear.However,ZhongZiqifailedtoshowuponthatday.WhenBoyalearntaboutZhongZiqi’sdeath,hewasovercomewithsorrow.HeplayedHighMountainsandFlowingWaterinfrontofZhongZiqi’sgrave.Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,hedestroyedtheqinandsaid,“Sincetheonlypersonthatunderstandsmymusicisgone,it’snousekeepingtheqin.”Exploringtherules主主主前置定語后置定語前置定語賓賓賓賓賓賓Verb-ingformsassubjects

Playingtheqinwashislife.Verb-ingformsasobjects...everyoneenjoyedlistening...HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,......,it’snousekeepingtheqin.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,...WhenBoyacontinued

playing,......whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi....beforegoingtheirseparateways,...Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,...ExploringtherulesFindthesentencesthatuseverb-ingformsassubjectsorobjectsWorkingouttherulesWhentheverb-ingformisusedasthesubjectofasentence,wecansometimesusethepreparatorysubject(形式主語)(1)

atthebeginningofthesentence.Theverb-ingformcanalsobeusedastheobjectofa(2)

ora(3)_____.verbitpreposition介詞B1Circlethemistakesandwritedownthecorrectformsintheblanks.P21

1.Listentomusicismyfavouritethingtodo.2.Ireallyenjoytoreadbiographiesofmusicians.3.It’snousetrytoplaytheviolinifyou’renotgoingtogiveityourbestshot.4.Wouldyoumindtoteachmehowtoplaytheguitar?5.TheseinstrumentsweremeantforplaytraditionalChinesemusic.ListeningreadingtryingteachingplayingApplyingtherulesB2Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.IfyouhavetochoosemusicfromtheEarthtosendintospace,whatmusicdoyouthinkiscapableof(1)____________(represent)mankind?ThesoundoftheChineseqinisoneanswertothisquestion.In1977,twospacecraftcalledVoyager1andVoyager2weresentout(2)_________(explore)thesolarsystem.Onbothspacecraft,thereisaselectionofmusicfromourplanet.(3)__________(send)musicintoouterspacewastheideaofthefamousscientistCarlSagan,whobelievedintelligentlifeexistedonotherplanets.Themusicwasintendedasauniversallanguagetogreetintelligentlifeinspace(ifthereisany).Agroupofscientistsandartistsgotdownto(4)_________(choose)suitablemusic.representingto

exploreSendingchoosingApplyingtherulesOfcourse,theyhadtrouble(5)________(select)whichpiecesofmusictoinclude.Intheend,27differentpiecesofmusic(6)______(last)90minuteswereputonthespacecraft.ChinaisrepresentedbyarecordingofGuanPinghu(7)_______(play)anancientpiececalledFlowingWaterontheChineseinstrumentqin.ItissaidthatBoyawroteit.Ittookabout40yearsfortheVoyagerspacecraft(8)_______(enter)thespacebetweenthestars.Wedonotknowwhatwillhappenintheend,butmaybethesoundoftheqinwillonedaybeheardonadistantplanet.selectinglastingplayingtoenterApplyingtherulesMary’s________(be)lateforclassthismorningmadetheteacherangry.Thetwostudentswhohadbrokentheschoolruleswereluckyenoughtoescape________________(punish).Theyinsistedon_______anotherchancetotry.A.given B.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegivenTomwasveryunhappyfor____________totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvited D.nothavingbeeninvitedExercisesbeingbeingpunishedCDThankyou!1.Weareconsidering_________(change)theplan.2.Weadvise_________(make)anotherexperiment.3.“Keepsilent!”themonitortoldtheboystostop_________(talk).4.Peoplecouldn’thelp_________(laugh)atthefoolishemperorintheprocession(游行隊伍).5.Canyouimagine_________(swim)inwinter?6.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_______________(catch).7.Shedidn’tremember_____________(meet)himbefore.8.Thebookisworth_________(read)asecondtime.9.Idon’tthinkyourhairneeds____________________(cut)now.10.Theyforbid_____________(smoke)intheoffice.11.Motheroftenremindsmethatit’sagoodhabit_________(put)everythinginorder.changingmakingtalkinglaughingswimmingbeingcaughtmeetingreadingcutting/tobecutsmokingputting12.Youcan’thelp_________(hear)commercials;everyfewminutestheprogrammeisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.13.Itisdifficulttogetusedto_________(sleep)inatentafterhavingasoft,comfortablebedtolieon.14.Youcan’timaginewhatsituationIamfacedwith,soisnouse_______(tell)menottoworry.15.Markoftenattemptstoescape_____________(fine)wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.16.Hegivespeopletheimpressionof_________(write)manypoems.17.Thethieftookawaythewoman’swalletwithout_________(notice).18.Peopleappreciate_________(work)withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumour.19.Noonecanavoid______________(influence)byadvertisements.20.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_________(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.hearingsleepingtellingbeingfinedwritingbeingnoticedworkingbeinginfluencedsailing二、

單句改錯

1.Look!SomeofmyclassmatesarepractisingspeakEnglishoverthere.________________________________________________________________2.Thesuspectatlastadmittedtostealthediamond.________________________________________________________________3.Nobodylikesbeinglaughed.________________________________________________________________4.IshallneverforgettoseetheAlpsforthefirsttime.Itwasreallybeautiful.________________________________________________________________5.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhousefrombrokeninto.________________________________________________________________二、

單句改錯

6.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.________________________________________________________________7.MyfriendJimisverygoodatmakingtoysandrepairthings.________________________________________________________________8.Sheapologizedforherbeingnotabletocome.________________________________________________________________9.Alltheyearstheprofessordevotedtopayingoffandhisimportantdiscoveryhelpedhumans.________________________________________________________________10.Muchattentionshouldbepaidtoimprovepeople’slivingconditions.________________________________________________________________三、根據(jù)中文提示用動詞-ing形式完成句子1.Shedidn’tmind_______________________(超時勞動).2.Ican’tunderstand_______________________(你欺騙我們的老師).3.Tomakealiving,hehastried_______________________(做各種各樣的工作).4.Canyouimagine_______________________(獨自住在孤島上)?5.Wearelookingforwardto_______________________(瑪麗過來參加我們的晚餐).6.Shewaspraisedfor_______________________(從河里救起了男孩).7.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof_______________________(被批評).8.Isthereanypossibilityof_______________________(我們贏得冠軍)?9.Hecametothemeeting_______________________(未被邀請).10._______________________(開車去公司)wasveryslowbecauseofthefog.workingovertimeyour/youcheatingourteachersdoingvariousjobslivingonalonelyislandMary’s/Marycomingovertoourdinnersavingaboyfromtheriverbeingcriticizedour/uswinningthechampionshipwithoutbeinginvitedDrivingtothecompany非謂語使用條件：一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個謂語動詞,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.作為額外增添forgoodmeasure讓公眾接觸更多音樂(P19)givethepublicmoreaccesstomusic舉辦一系列免費音樂會putonaseriesoffreeconcerts受到全世界好評bewellreceivedacrosstheworld由……組成consistof春秋戰(zhàn)國時期(P20)SpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods對……評價很高thinkhighlyof對……很厭倦gettiredof出現(xiàn);露面showup二、根據(jù)首字母或中文提示填空1.Hissuggestionispracticalanditd_________consideration.2.Wecan’talwaysc_________workwithpleasure.3.SymphonyNo.41wasc_________byMozart.4.Theseplantsgrowbetterinr_________areasthanincities.5.Thesofacan’t_________(變形)foruseasabed.6.Thewholenationwasindeeps_________atthedeathofAbrahamLincoln.7.Ifwedon’ttakeeffortstoprotectanimals,somewilldisappear_________(永遠(yuǎn)).8.Thehousefitsinbeautifullywithits_____________(環(huán)境).9.Theproblemwasfinally_____________(克服).10.Wecouldnotbut___________(哭泣)atthesadnews.11.Theweatherwascold,butthetripwas_________(令人愉快的).12.Aftera_________(戲劇性的)pause,thelawyerfinishedherstatement.

eservesombine omposed ural transform orrow forever surroundings overcome weep pleasant dramatic spreadacross

三、

從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組，并用其正確形式填空relyon forgoodmeasuregrowoutof consistofthrowinhaveone’srootsin spreadacross tearapart1.ChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonintheWorldCup,andthenewsquickly_____________ourcountry.2.Aperson’sbehavior________