Unit7語法完整版講（被動語態(tài)一）八年級下冊英語單元核心知識講練（牛津譯林版）

譯林版八年級下冊Unit7語法精講被動語態(tài)?目錄01.定義02.用法&判斷方法03.各時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)04.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化05.不使用被動語態(tài)的情況06.特殊情況07.隨堂練習08.課堂小結(jié)注意“被動語態(tài)”所有知識點在本課件（Unit7語法精講）中全部涉及，內(nèi)容較多，建議結(jié)合“Unit8語法精講”課件針對各個知識點進行分類強化練習，建議兩份講義一起使用！被動語態(tài)的定義PART.01被動語態(tài)定義英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的執(zhí)行者—主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的承受者—被動語態(tài)。eg:主動：Timlikesthebook.*主語Tim，主動做“喜歡”這個動作；被動：ThebookislikedbyTim.這本書(被)Tim喜歡。*主語thebook是“喜歡”的承受者(即喜歡的對象)，即“被喜歡”。

被動語態(tài)分析：eg①

Thecat

eatssomefisheveryday.

主語：eat的執(zhí)行者，即“貓吃魚”

Somefish

areeatenbythecateveryday.

主語：eat的承受者，即“魚被貓吃”

②

Ipickedtwoorangesjustnow.

主語：pick的執(zhí)行者，即“我摘桔子”Twoorangeswerepickedbyme.

主語：pick的承受者，即“橘子被我摘”被動語態(tài)的用法及判斷方法PART.02被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的基本用法：

動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言明時eg:Chinese

iswidelyspokenallovertheworld.

不知道動作的執(zhí)行者時eg:Hefeltworriedbecausehiscomputer

wastakenaway.

強調(diào)動作的承受著時eg:Mylostcomputer

wasfoundjustnow.

由于禮貌或委婉而避談動作的執(zhí)行者時eg:Awrongdecision

wasmadedueto(由于)lackofexperience.被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的判斷方法：

由by引出動詞的執(zhí)行者eg:Thebikewasfixedbymyfather.

物作主語時，常用被動語態(tài)eg:Alotofhouseworkcanbedonebyrobots.

動賓結(jié)構(gòu)中/動詞是及物動詞，本該位于動詞后的賓語，前置成了主語時（這是最重要的判斷方法：本該接賓語的動詞后沒有賓語了，賓語變成了句子主語）eg:①Iamoftenaskedsomemathsquestionsbylittlebrother.本該是ask

mesomemathsquestions，但此句中ask后的賓語me變成了句子主語I，ask由主動變成被動amasked.牢記口訣：賓語變主語，主動變被動被動語態(tài)eg:②

Lindawasn’tinventedtotheparty.本該是inventsbtosp，但此句中invent后沒有賓語，即賓語Linda變成了主語，invent由主動變被動wasinvented.eg:③

Thekidsaretoldafunnystoryeveryevening.本該是tellsbastory，此句中tell后沒有sb，即賓語thekids變成了主語，tell由主動變成被動aretold.牢記口訣：賓語變主語，主動變被動各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成PART.03被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時Weare

always

warnednottoswimintheriver.Myroomiscleanedbymumeveryday.Iam

often

givenchancestodealwithproblemsbymyself.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/aredone(即將be動詞改成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are)被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone(過去分詞)被動語態(tài)一般過去時ThenovelwastranslatedintoChinesein2002.ThetwinsweretakentotheScienceMuseumbytheirmumlastSundayandtheywereaskedtowritedairiesaboutwhattheylearned.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/werwdone(即將be動詞改成一般過去時was/were)被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone(過去分詞)被動語態(tài)一般將來時一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：willbedone或am/is/aregoingtobedone(即將be動詞改成一般將來時willbe、am/is/aregoingtobe)被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone(過去分詞)Oursportsmeetingwillbeheld

nextFriday.SomepostersaboutChinesetraditionalculturearegoingtobeshowntothestudentsinthecomingartfestival.被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時Tomhasn’tbeenaskedtogetanAinallthesubjectsyet.Aboutthousandsofbookshavebeensenttotheschoolsinpoorareasinthepasttwoyears.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：have/hasbeendone(即將be動詞改成現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen)被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone(過去分詞)被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞Theproblemsshouldbesolvedatonce.Alotofthingscanbedonebytherobot.YouradvicemaynotbetakenbyTimmy.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+bedone(即將be動詞改成：情態(tài)動詞+be)被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone(過去分詞)主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化PART.04被動語態(tài)Mygrandpawatersflowersinthegarden賓語everymoring.Flowersinthegarden主語arewateredbymygrandpaeverymoring.一般現(xiàn)在時原形water被動語態(tài)Thestudentsfoundabutterfly賓語intheclassroom.Abutterfly主語wasfoundbythestudentsintheclassroom.一般過去時原形find被動語態(tài)Milliehasknownthebadnews.賓語Thebadnews主語hasbeenknownbyMillie.現(xiàn)在完成時原形know被動語態(tài)Mysistertoldthebadnews直接賓語justnow.We主語wastoldbymysisterjustnow.一般過去時原形tellus間接賓語

thebadnews雙賓語情況(sb是間接賓語，sth是直接賓語)：當間接賓語sb變成主語時，直接賓語保持不變。tellsbsth被動語態(tài)Mysisterwillgiveanicepresent直接賓語thisweekend.Myparents主語willbegivenbymysisterthisweekend.一般將來時原形makemyparents間接賓語

anicepresent雙賓語情況(sb是間接賓語，sth是直接賓語)：當間接賓語sb變成主語時，直接賓語保持不變。givesbsth被動語態(tài)Mysistertoldthebadnews直接賓語justnow.Thebadnews主語wastoldbymysisterjustnow.一般過去時原形tellus間接賓語

tous雙賓語情況(sb是間接賓語，sth是直接賓語)：當直接賓語sth變成主語時，sb前需加介詞to或for?。?！tellsthtosb被動語態(tài)Mysisterwillmakeanicepresent直接賓語thisweekend.Anicecake主語willbemadebymysisterthisweekend.myparents間接賓語

formyparents雙賓語情況(sb是間接賓語，sth是直接賓語)：當直接賓語sth變成主語時，sb前需加介詞to或for！??！makesthforsb一般將來時原形make不使用被動語態(tài)的情況PART.05被動語態(tài)eg:Theteasmellsgoodandtastesbetter.Theleavesturnbrownwhenautumncomes.注意：smell、turn等詞一詞多義，不是所有含義都無被動語態(tài)。系動詞不用被動語態(tài)：①變得：be、become、turn、get②保持：keep、stay③似乎：seem④感官動詞：look、sound、feel、taste、smell⑤gobad（變質(zhì)）、cometrue（成真）被動語態(tài)eg:ThesportsmeetingtookplacelastTuesday.ThesmalltownliesintheeastofJinhua.注意：change、finish等詞一詞多義，不是所有含義都無被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞（即不能加賓語）無被動語態(tài)：takeplace、happen、last、rise、grow（增長）、start（開始）、finish（結(jié)束）、change（變化）、lie（位于）、appear、breakdown、comeout等被動語態(tài)eg:TheThisnewlypublishednovelsellwellinChina.Thestoriesshewrotereadeasily.Thekindofpenswritewell.表示物品屬性或特征時無被動語態(tài)：sellwell、washwell、writewell、ridewell、readeasily、carryeasily...特殊情況PART.06被動語態(tài)needsthneeddoing某事需要被做=sthneedtobedoneeg:Mybikeneedstoberepaired.=Mybikeneedsrepairing.Alotofworkneedstobedone.=Alotofworkneedsdoing.被動語態(tài)make、let主動：make/letsbdo被動：sbbemade/lettodoeg:Theyweremadetodomathsexercisesthewholeweekend.Tinaislettocleanthehouse.被動語態(tài)hear、see、watch、notice主動：see/hear/watch/noticesbdo被動：sbbeseen/heard/watched/noticedtodoeg：Nobodywasseentoenterthehall.Theparrotisoftenheardtosaywordslikeaman.被動語態(tài)hear、see、watch、notice主動：see/hear/watch/noticesbdoing被動：sbbeseen/heard/watched/noticeddoingeg：Tomwasseenreadingwhentheywalkedpasttheclassroom.Ninawasheardsingingatthattime.被動語態(tài)Itis+過去分詞+(that+)從句Itissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知eg：Itissaid(that)Milliehaswonthefirstprize.Itisbelieved(that)wewillsucceedintheend.隨堂練習PART.07被動語態(tài)1.Thethief(賊)________bythepolicelastnight.(catch)解析：由bythepolice可知，用被動語態(tài)，由lastnight可知是一般過去時，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。主語是三單，be動詞用was，catch的過去分詞是caught。故填wascaught.2.Fifteen-year-oldsshouldnot_______todriveinChina.(allow)解析：allow是及物動詞，allowsbtodosth，空格后無賓語，賓語變成主語Fifteen-year-old，用被動語態(tài)，且含有情態(tài)動詞should的被動語態(tài)是shouldbedone，allow的過去分詞是allowed。故填beallowed.被動語態(tài)3.Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetown_______well.(sell)解析：sellwell暢銷，無被動語態(tài)。時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復數(shù)，故填sell。4.Youmaygofishingifyourhomework_______.(finish)解析：homework與finish之間是動賓關(guān)系，賓語變主語，用被動語態(tài)，且if后是一般現(xiàn)在時，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語是三單，be動詞用is，finish的過去分詞是finished。故填isfinished。被動語態(tài)5.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.—I’msorry,butI______whentomeetyet.(nottell)解析：tell是及物動詞，tellsbsth，空格后無賓語，賓語變成主語I，用被動語態(tài)；由yet可知是現(xiàn)在完成時，故填現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。主語是I，助動詞是have，否定是haven’t。故填haven’tbeentold.6.Bothofthedressesaremadeofsilkand______(wash)easily.解析：washeasily洗起來好洗，是dress的屬性，無被動語態(tài)；句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復數(shù)，故填wash。課堂小結(jié)PART.08課堂小結(jié)1.掌握并靈活運用各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)2.掌握被動語態(tài)的判斷方法3.掌握主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的改寫4.掌握不需要用被動語態(tài)的情況及特殊情況考點課后作業(yè)：被動語態(tài)綜合練習（附word文檔）課后作業(yè)講解PART.09被動語態(tài)1.Thesickman______________tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.(take)2.Elephants______________tocarrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.(train)3.MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecan_____________clearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.(hear)4.—WhenshallIhandinmyreport?—Assoonasit_______________tomorrow.(finish)takesbtosp.wastakentrainsbtodoweretrainedhearsthbeheardfinishsthbefinished被動語態(tài)5.—SoccerfirststartedinEnglandinthe12thcentury,didn’tit?—Yes,butnowit___________allovertheworld.(play)6.I___________togiveaspeechabouttheenvironmenttheotherday.(ask)7.—Excuseme,Mr.Smith.Whenshallwehavethemeeting?—Notuntilit___________inhalfanhour.(prepare)8.Hesaystheproblem__________withnextyear.(deal)9.Allthechildren____________backtotheirparentsafterthepolicefoundthem.(bring)wasplayedasksbtodowasaskedbeprepareddealwithsthwillbedealtbringsbbacktowerebrought被動語態(tài)10.Thiskindofbooks___________wellandthey___________outlastweek.(sell)11.Weretheyheard_______atthattime?A.talkandlaughB.totalkandlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed12.Hewasseen_______abankjustnow.A.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringintosellwell暢銷-無被動sellout賣光-有被動sellweresoldsbbehearddoingsbbeseentodo被動語態(tài)13.Thispairoftrousers________smoothbecausetheyaremadeofChinesesilk.A.feelsB.feelC.isfel