威廉華茲華斯-William-Wordsworth

1、The Romantic PeriodRomantic MovementIn the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romance Revival. It manifested itself not only in England but also in Germany and France. It displayed the spirit of idealism as opposed to realism. During the Romantic per

2、iod, English letters were characterized by an emotional and imaginative quality and by individuality in style. older group Major writers younger groupOlder group: (Negative Romanticism) The so-called Lake School of English poets (William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey.) expresse

3、d new theories as to the subject-matter and language of poetry. These three poets were often called as the older poets. They made an impressive contribution to poetry.ConservativeYounger group: (Positive Romanticism)The later romanticists (George Gordon Bryon, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats) were

4、poets of revolt who, unlike the Lake School, never recanted their revolutionary principle. These three poets were often called as the younger poets. They did a wonderful work in shaping verse. Rebellious and aggressiveSo these three poets were called “the Satanic School” by Robert Southey. William W

5、ordsworth William Wordsworth (1770-1850) was one of the greatest poets of England. As the leading figure of the English Romantic Movement, he has made great contribution in poetic theory. “Poet Laureate” 桂冠詩人Born in 1770Went to Grammar School in 1778Published a sonnet in The European Magazine in 178

6、7summer tour to France in 1790Met Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1795Produced Lyrical Ballads in 1798 Published his Poems in Two Volumes in 1807Became the Poet Laureate in 1843 Died in 1850William Wordsworths lifeCompleted The Prelude in 1805 Married Mary Hutchinson In 1802Biography： family and educatio

7、nBorn on 7 April 1770 in a lawyers family at Cockermouth in Cumberland part of the scenic region in north-west England, the Lake District. After the death of their mother in 1778(when William was 13) , their father sent William to Hawkshead Grammar School and sent Dorothy, his sister, to live with r

8、elatives in Yorkshire. He and Dorothy did not meet again for another nine years. His father died when he was 13. Wordsworth made his debut (首次露面;初次登臺 ) as a writer in 1787 when he published a sonnet in The European Magazine. That same year he began attending St Johns College, Cambridge, and received

9、 his B.A. degree in 1791. Relationship with Annette Vallon In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became enthralled( enr:ld被迷住的;被吸引住的 )with the Republican movement. He fell in love with a French woman, Annette Vallon, who in 1792 gave birth to their child, Caroline.Because of

10、lack of money and Britains tensions with France, he returned alone to England the next year. The circumstances of his return and his subsequent behavior raise doubts as to his declared wish to marry Annette .But he supported her and his daughter as best he could in later life. During this period, he

11、 wrote his acclaimed It is a beauteous (bju:tis美麗的,美妙的)evening, calm and free, recalling his seaside walk with his wife, whom he had not seen for ten years . War between France and Britain prevented him from seeing Annette and Caroline again for several years. In 1802 ,with the Peace of Amiens again

12、 allowing travel to France, Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy visited Annette and Caroline in France and arrived at a mutually agreeable settlement regarding Wordsworths obligations .Wordsworths principle of poetryHe declared that “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling.”(“

13、詩歌是強烈感情的自然流露”)He appealed directly to individual sensations as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry. (個人感覺是詩歌創(chuàng)作和鑒賞的源泉)He held the view that poetry “takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility”.(“詩歌是平靜中回憶起來的情感”)As to language used in poetry, he advocated using the la

14、nguage of the common people. Imagination was very important in poetic creation. Wordsworths writing styleWilliam Wordsworths poems were fresh in imagination, simple, plain and vivid in language. He was especially good at writing about nature and common people. Hence he was called the poet of nature.

15、 His Major Works1. Lyrical Ballads ( 抒情歌謠集，1798) 2. Lucy Poems (露茜，1799)3. Poems in Two Volume (1807)4. The Excursion (遠足,1814) 5. The Prelude(序曲，1850) William Wordsworth, with his friend Coleridge, collaborated and published the Lyrical Ballads which marks the break with classicism and the beginnin

16、g of the Romantic revival in England. Lyrical BalladsSome of the best poems in the collection are: Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey (丁登寺旁)Lines Written in Early Spring (早春詩行)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (古舟子詠; 老水手之行) I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud （我像一片孤獨的云） Wordsworths principles of

17、poetry were stated in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, which served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry. I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud William Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a lyric poem focusing on the poets response to the beauty

18、of nature.MeterThe lines in the poem are in iambic tetrameter, as demonstrated in the third stanza: .1.2.3.4. The WAVES | be SIDE | them DANCED; | but THEY .1.2.3.4. Out DID | the SPARK | ling WAVES | in GLEE;.1.2.3.4. A PO | et COULD | not BUT | be GAY; .1.2.3.4. In SUCH | a JOC | und COM | pa NY:

19、.1.2.3.4 .I GAZED | and GAZED | but LIT | tle THOUGHT .1.2.3.4 .What WEALTH | the SHOW | to ME | had BROUGHT:Structure and RhymeThe poem contains four stanzas of six lines each. In each stanza, the first line rhymes with the third and the second with the fourth. The stanza then ends with a rhyming c

20、ouplet. Wordsworth unifies(使統(tǒng)一) the content of the poem by focusing the first three stanzas on the experience at the lake and the last stanza on the memory of that experience.(前三個部分寫景，后一部分抒情。) William Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a lyric poem focusing on the poets response to the bea

21、uty of nature.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我好似一朵孤獨的流云，高高地飄游在山谷之上，突然我看見一大片鮮花，是金色的水仙遍地開放，它們開在湖中，開在樹下，它們隨風(fēng)嬉舞，隨風(fēng)波蕩。 I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancin

22、g in the breeze顧子欣 譯 Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.它們密集如銀河的星星，像群星在閃爍一片晶瑩；它們沿著海灣向前伸展，通往遠方仿佛無窮無盡；一眼看去就有千朵萬朵，萬花搖首舞得多么高興。顧子欣 譯 The wave

23、s beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay In such a jocund company: I gazedand gazedbut little thought What wealth the show to me had brought粼粼湖波也在近旁歡跳，卻不如這水仙舞得輕俏；詩人遇見這快樂的旅伴，又怎能不感到欣喜雀躍；我久久凝視卻未領(lǐng)悟這景象所給我的精神至寶。顧子欣 譯 For oft when on my couch I lie In

24、vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude, And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils后來多少次我郁郁獨臥，感到百無聊賴，心靈空漠；這景象便在腦海中閃現(xiàn)，多少次安慰過我的寂寞；我的心又隨水仙跳起舞來，我的心又重新充滿了歡樂。顧子欣 譯 Analysis “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”is a poem about nature. Wit

25、h his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy(憂郁)when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We c

26、ome to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.Similarities and Differences on Pastoral Poems between Tao Yuanming and WordsworthThey both express their disappointment about the society and the joy after returning to nature, but they hold different views toward nature: Tao unites himself with nature and they b