北京市大興區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中檢測英語試卷 含解析

大興區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中檢測試卷高二英語滿分：100分考試時長：90分鐘第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Intheheartofthecity,nestedbetweenthetoweringskyscrapers,stoodalittlelibrarythathadwithstoodthetestof___1___.Everybrickandbookinthatbuildingheldstoriesnotjustfromthepages,butofthecountlesssoulswhohadwalkedits___2___.Anna,ayoungwriter,oftenvisitedthisoasis(綠洲)ofknowledge.Shewasonthe___3___ofpublishingherfirstbookbutwasfacingthecripplingself-doubtthatoftentroublescreators.Oneevening,asshewanderedbetweentheshelves,shehappenedtoseeanold,dusty___4___.Itwasajournalfromthe1800s,writtenbyathen-unknownwriternamedLillian.AsAnnaskimmedthroughthepages,shewas___5___byLillian’sstruggleswhichmirroredherown.Lillianwroteofherrejections,hermomentsofdespair,andthenightsshewantedtogiveup.Butshealsowroteofher___6___moments,wherethewordsflowedlikeariverandthestoriestookalifeoftheirown.ThefinalentrywasdatedadaybeforeLillian’sfirstbookwaspublished.Itread,“Tothefuturedreamerswhomayfindthis:Remember,every___7___hasitsdawn.Yourstrugglesaremerelythedarkbeforethemorninglight.Keepwriting,keepdreaming,andoneday,yourstorieswilllightupsomeone’s___8___justasyouhavelitupmine.”AnnafeltaconnectiontoLillianacrossthecenturies.Withrenewed___9___,sheleftthelibrary,readytofacethechallengesahead.Forinherheart,shecarriedLillian’sstory—abeaconofhopeandatestamenttothetimelessjourneyof____10____.1.A.modernity B.time C.innovation D.criticism2.A.rows B.rooms C.seats D.gates3.A.edge B.top C.end D.middle4.A.novel B.diary C.manuscript D.brochure5.A.prevented B.amazed C.struck D.puzzled6.A.disorderly B.ordinary C.bright D.final7.A.story B.night C.path D.task8.A.day B.world C.despair D.book9.A.energy B.purpose C.hesitation D.perspective10.A.creation B.writing C.discovery D.learning【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.B5.C6.C7.B8.B9.A10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個小小圖書館，不僅承載了書籍里的故事，也書寫了讀者的故事。年輕作家Anna面臨要出版的書籍，處于焦慮期，當(dāng)她來到這個圖書館偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個世紀(jì)以前的Lillian的日記，這本日記喚起了Anna的共鳴，激勵了她繼續(xù)前行?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在城市的中心，高聳的摩天大樓之間，矗立著一個經(jīng)受住了時間考驗的小圖書館。A.modernity現(xiàn)代性；B.time時間；C.innovation創(chuàng)新；D.criticism批評。根據(jù)后文“Everybrickandbookinthatbuildingheldstoriesnotjustfromthepages,butofthecountlesssouls…(大樓里的每一塊磚、每一本書都承載著故事，不僅僅是書頁上的故事，還有無數(shù)靈魂的故事……)”的描述可推知，這個小小圖書館有著無數(shù)的故事，歷史悠久，經(jīng)歷了時間的洗禮。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這座建筑里的每一塊磚和每一本書都有故事，不僅來自書頁，還有無數(shù)走過這座建筑的靈魂的故事。A.rows排；B.rooms房間；C.seats座位；D.gates大門。分析語境可知，該部分的主題是“alittlelibrary(一個小圖書館)”，同時結(jié)合常識，無論是來這里選擇書架上的書，還是坐在成排的桌子前看書，人們都會一排一排的走過。因此，這里應(yīng)是“rows”，用在句中表達(dá)來此的人一排一排的走過。故選A項。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她快要出版第一本書，但卻面臨著嚴(yán)重的自我懷疑，這常常困擾著創(chuàng)作者。A.edge邊緣；B.top頂端；C.end末尾；D.middle中間。固定搭配“ontheedgeofdoing”，意為“快要做某事，即將做某事”。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天晚上，當(dāng)她在書架之間徘徊時，偶然看到一本塵封的舊日記。A.novel小說；B.diary日記；C.manuscript手稿；D.brochure資料（或廣告）手冊。根據(jù)后文“Itwasajournal(這是一本日記)”可知，這是一本日記。故選B項。5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Anna瀏覽頁面時，她被Lillian的掙扎所打動，這與她自己的掙扎如出一轍。A.prevented阻止；B.amazed使震驚；C.struck引起（強烈感情）；D.puzzled使困惑。根據(jù)后文“Lillianwroteofherrejections,hermomentsofdespair,andthenightsshewantedtogiveup.(Lillian寫下了她的排斥，她絕望的時刻，以及她想放棄的夜晚)”可推知，Lillian在日記里寫到的感受，Anna都經(jīng)歷過，感同身受，所以她有深深的觸動?！癰estruckby”，意為“被……所觸動，被……打動”。故選C項。【6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但她也寫下了自己的精彩時刻，文字像河流一樣流動，故事也有了自己的生命。A.disorderly混亂的；B.ordinary普通的；C.bright鮮艷的；D.final最后的，最終的。分析語境可知，該句前有“But(但是)”，因此，所選詞應(yīng)與前一句中的“rejections(排斥)”，“despair(絕望)”等為反義詞。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對于未來的夢想家們，你們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)：記住，黑夜也有黎明（黑夜過去就是黎明）。A.story故事；B.night黑夜；C.path小路，路線；D.task任務(wù)。根據(jù)后文“Yourstrugglesaremerelythedarkbeforethemorninglight.(你的掙扎不過是黎明前的黑暗)”可知，黑暗過去才會有黎明，即黑夜過去才會有黎明?！癳verynighthasitsdawn”意為“每個夜晚之后都有黎明”。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：繼續(xù)寫作，繼續(xù)夢想，總有一天，你的故事會照亮別人的世界，就像你照亮我的世界一樣。A.day白天；B.world世界；C.despair絕望；D.book書籍。根據(jù)前文“ThefinalentrywasdatedadaybeforeLillian’sfirstbookwaspublished.(最后一個條目的日期是Lillian的第一本書出版的前一天)”可知，Lillian的第一本書出版了，由此可推知，這里L(fēng)illian鼓勵“后來人”終有一天也能用故事點亮他人的精神世界。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著新的活力，她離開了圖書館，準(zhǔn)備迎接未來的挑戰(zhàn)。A.energy活力；B.purpose目的；C.hesitation猶豫踟躕；D.perspective觀點。根據(jù)前文“AnnafeltaconnectiontoLillianacrossthecenturies.(Anna覺得自己和Lillian有一種跨越幾個世紀(jì)的聯(lián)系)”可推知，Anna受到了鼓勵，重新煥發(fā)了精神和活力。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因為在她的心中，她承載著Lillian的故事——一座希望的燈塔，也是寫作永恒之旅的見證。A.creation創(chuàng)作；B.writing寫作；C.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.learning學(xué)問。根據(jù)前文“shecarriedLillian’sstory(她帶著Lillian的故事)”可推知，Anna繼續(xù)堅持寫作。故選B項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Millionsofyearsago,theEarth___11___(inhabit)bywonderfulcreaturesthatnolongerwalkourlands.Onesuchcreature,thedodo,oncethrivedontheisolatedislandofMauritius.Itwasaflightlessbird___12___auniqueappearance.Sadly,duetohumaninterferenceandintroducedspecies,thesebirdsweredriventoextinctionwithinafewcenturiesoftheir___13___(discover).【答案】11.wasinhabited12.with13.discovery【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種幾百萬年以前在地球上出現(xiàn)過，現(xiàn)已滅絕的鳥類?！?1題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：數(shù)百萬年前，地球上居住著奇妙的生物，這些生物現(xiàn)已不再在我們的土地上行走。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為謂語動詞；根據(jù)時間狀語“Millionsofyearsago”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時；主語是“theEarth”，與“inhabit”之間為被動關(guān)系，表示“地球被……居住”，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且謂語動詞為單數(shù)。故填wasinhabited?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這是一種不會飛的鳥，有著獨特的外表。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為介詞，后接名詞短語“auniqueapperance”；介詞with表示“具有”，符合句意。故填with。【13題詳解】考查名詞。句意：可悲是，由于人類的干擾和外來物種的引入，這些鳥類在發(fā)現(xiàn)后的幾個世紀(jì)內(nèi)就滅絕了。根據(jù)“their”可知，空處應(yīng)為名詞，作賓語；discovery為名詞，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)覺”，符合句意。故填discovery。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。MarieCurie,borninWarsaw,Poland,wasatrailblazingphysicistandchemistacknowledgedforher___14___(pioneer)researchonradioactivity.Notonlydidshebecomethefirstwoman___15___(win)aNobelPrize,butshealsoremainstheonlypersonwhohaswonNobelPrizesinbothPhysicsandChemistry.Herdedicationandperseveranceinamale-dominatedfield___16___(inspire)countlessindividualsworldwide.【答案】14.pioneering15.towin16.inspired##hasinspired.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了瑪麗·居里在科學(xué)上所做出的功績和獲得的獎項。【14題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：瑪麗·居里出生于波蘭華沙，是一位開拓性的物理學(xué)家和化學(xué)家，以其在放射性方面的開創(chuàng)性研究而聞名。根據(jù)空格后的名詞research可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語，根據(jù)句意“開拓性的”是形容詞pioneering。故填pioneering?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她不僅成為第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女性，而且仍然是唯一一位同時獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)和化學(xué)獎的人?？崭裉幾鞫ㄕZ，被修飾名詞woman被序數(shù)詞修飾時應(yīng)用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填towin?！?6題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：她在男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域中的奉獻(xiàn)精神和毅力激勵了全世界無數(shù)人。空格處作謂語，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時，主語Herdedicationandperseveranceinamale-dominatedfield為第三人稱給單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填inspired/hasinspired。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DuringtheRenaissance,aperiod___17___coversfromthe14thtothe17thcentury,Europeexperiencedarevivalofart,culture,andintellect.LeonardodaVinci,oftenreferredtoasthearchetypeofthe“RenaissanceMan”,wasnotonlyanartistbutalso___18___inventor,scientist,andmathematician.Hispainting,theMonaLisa,isconsideredoneof___19___(famous)iconicworksofart.Yet,manyofhis___20___(invention),althoughrevolutionary,werenotbuiltduringhislifetime.【答案】17.which##that18.an19.themostfamous20.inventions【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了文藝復(fù)興時期著名藝術(shù)家、科學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇的生平事跡?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在14世紀(jì)到17世紀(jì)的文藝復(fù)興時期，歐洲經(jīng)歷了藝術(shù)、文化和智力的復(fù)興。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞period，先行詞在從句中作主語，可用which/that引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that?！?8題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇，通常被稱為“文藝復(fù)興時期的人”的原型，他不僅是一位藝術(shù)家，還是一位發(fā)明家、科學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家。inventor為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，inventor發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，需用不定冠詞an。故填an?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：他的畫作《蒙娜麗莎》被認(rèn)為是最著名的標(biāo)志性藝術(shù)作品之一。空格處作定語，oneof+the+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“最……之一”。故填themostfamous?！?0題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：然而，他的許多發(fā)明雖然具有革命性，但并不是在他有生之年完成的。根據(jù)空格前的his和manyof可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語。故填inventions。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AHorizonInstitute:AnnualWinterWorkshopBackgroundEstablishedin2005,HorizonInstituteiscommittedtobridgingthegapbetweenacademictheoryandreal-worldapplication.Withover20,000alumniworldwide,ourfocusisonprovidinghands-onexperiencesinawiderangeofdisciplines.WorkshopDetails:Dates:December5th-December20thCoursesAvailable:AdvancedMathematics,ExperimentalPhysics,DigitalArtDesign,andLeadershipDynamics.Eligibility:Studentsaged12-18withakeeninterestinthechosensubject.Fee:$350forasinglecourse.Enrollintwoormorecoursesfora15%discountonthetotalfee.FacilitiesandFeatures:State-of-the-artlaboratoriesanddesignstudios.Interactivesessionswithindustryexperts.Dedicatedmentorshipbyexperiencedprofessionals.Accesstoourextensivelibraryandonlineresources.AdditionalBenefits:Certificationuponcoursecompletion.Opportunitiesforinternshipsinpartnerorganizations.NetworkingeventswithHorizonalumniandindustryleadersForMoreDetails:VisitourcampusonNovember15thforanopenhousesession.Contactusviaemail:contact@orcall:(456)789-0123.21.WhatisHorizonInstitute’sprimarymission?A.Hostingwinterworkshopseveryyear.B.Organizingnetworkingeventsforstudents.C.Linkingacademicteachingstopracticalexperiences.D.Offeringonlinecoursesinvariousdisciplines.22.Whatcanstudentsexpectwhentheyjoinintheworkshop?A.Freemealsthroughoutthecourse.B.Personalizedone-on-oneteachingsessions.C.Interactionwithprofessionalsfromvariousindustries.D.Achancetostudyabroadwithpartnerinstitutions.23.Howcansomeonegatherin-depthinformationabouttheworkshop?A.Bybrowsingtheinstitute’sonlinecatalog.B.ByattendingtheopenhouseonNovember15th.C.Bywaitingfortheannualnewsletter.D.Byjoiningtheinstitute’ssocialmediapage.【答案】21.C22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了地平線研究所年度冬季研討會的相關(guān)信息。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Background部分的“Establishedin2005,HorizonInstituteiscommittedtobridgingthegapbetweenacademictheoryandreal-worldapplication.(地平線研究所成立于2005年，致力于彌合學(xué)術(shù)理論與現(xiàn)實應(yīng)用之間的差距。)”可知，地平線研究所的主要使命是將學(xué)術(shù)教學(xué)與實踐經(jīng)驗聯(lián)系起來。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FacilitiesandFeatures部分的“Interactivesessionswithindustryexperts.(與行業(yè)專家的互動會議。)”和“Dedicatedmentorshipbyexperiencedprofessionals.(由經(jīng)驗豐富的專業(yè)人士提供專業(yè)指導(dǎo)。)”可知，學(xué)生們可以期待與來自不同行業(yè)的專業(yè)人士進(jìn)行互動。故選C。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ForMoreDetails部分的“VisitourcampusonNovember15thforanopenhousesession.(11月15日參觀我們的校園，參加開放日活動。)”可知，可以通過參加11月15日的開放日來收集有關(guān)研討會的深入信息。故選B。BInthesprawlingmetropolisofGrayville,whereskyscraperstouchedtheheavensandstreetswereconstantlybuzzingwithlife,thereexistedauniqueplacecalled“TheCornerofQuietude”.Itwasneitheraparknorabuilding.Infact,itwassimplyastreetcorner,markedbyasinglelamppostwithapeculiarsign:“Speaksoftly,forthisisaplaceofsolace”.Legendhaditthatanyonespeakingbeneaththislamppost,regardlessofthesurroundingnoise,wouldfindtheirwordsdrownedout,replacedbyanmysteriouspeace.Overtheyears,manyhadcometoexperienceitsmagic.Theyspokeofheartbreaks,dreams,regrets,andwishes,seekingsolaceinitsembrace.Ella,ajournalistnewtoGrayville,stumbleduponthiscornerduringanassignment.Doubtful,shedecidedtotestthelegend.Whisperingherdeepestfearsaboutherfailingcareerandstrugglesinthebigcity,shewasshockedwhenallsheheardwasacalmingwhisper,almostasiftheworldaroundherpaused.Elladugintothehistoryof“TheCornerofQuietude”.Shediscoveredthatdecadesago,amusiciannamedAlarichadlosthisvoiceandwouldvisitthecornereverynight,playinghissilenttunesonaviolin,hopingtocommunicatethroughhismusic.SomebelievedthatthecornerabsorbedAlaric’syearningforexpressionandbecameaplaceforallwhosoughttovoicetheirinnermostemotions.24.Whatwasuniqueabout“TheCornerofQuietude”inGrayville?A.Itwastheoldestparkinthisbusycity.B.ItwaswhereAlaricplayedmusiceverynight.C.Peoplefoundtheirwordsreplacedbyquietness.DItwasasilentzonewherenosoundwasallowed.25.WhydidEllacometothecornerinthefirstplace?A.Tocheckthelegend. B.Towhisperherfears.C.Tomeetthemusician. D.Tofinishherassignment.26.HowdidEllareactuponexperiencingthecorner’smagic?A.Shefeltitwasjustanothercitymystery.B.Sheimmediatelybelievedinthelegend.C.Shewroteanarticletoclarifythetruth.D.Shewassurprisedandfeltasenseofcalm.27.WhatissuggestedaboutthemusicianAlaric?A.HewasthefounderofGrayvilleandthecorner.B.Hereclaimedhisvoicebyplayingatthecorner.C.Heplayedmusictodisruptthepeaceofthecorner.D.Hissilenttunescontributedtothecorner’smysterioussense.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“安靜之角”的特殊之處?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Legendhaditthatanyonespeakingbeneaththislamppost,regardlessofthesurroundingnoise,wouldfindtheirwordsdrownedout,replacedbyanmysteriouspeace.(傳說任何在這個燈柱下說話的人，不管周圍有什么噪音，都會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的話被淹沒，取而代之的是一種神秘的平靜。)”可知，在格雷維爾的《安靜之角》人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的話語被安靜所取代。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Ella,ajournalistnewtoGrayville,stumbleduponthiscornerduringanassignment.Doubtful,shedecidedtotestthelegend.(艾拉是格雷維爾新來的記者，在一次任務(wù)中偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個角落。她心存疑慮，決定驗證一下這個傳說。)”可知，埃拉來到這里是為了驗證一下這個傳說。故選A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Whisperingherdeepestfearsaboutherfailingcareerandstrugglesinthebigcity,shewasshockedwhenallsheheardwasacalmingwhisper,almostasiftheworldaroundherpaused.(她低聲訴說著自己對事業(yè)失敗和在大城市里的掙扎最深的恐懼，當(dāng)她聽到的只是平靜的低語時，她震驚了，仿佛她周圍的世界都停頓了。)”可知，埃拉在經(jīng)歷了角落的魔法后感到很驚訝，但又感覺仿佛她周圍的世界都停頓了，即感到一種平靜。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Shediscoveredthatdecadesago,amusiciannamedAlarichadlosthisvoiceandwouldvisitthecornereverynight,playinghissilenttunesonaviolin,hopingtocommunicatethroughhismusic.SomebelievedthatthecornerabsorbedAlaric’syearningforexpressionandbecameaplaceforallwhosoughttovoicetheirinnermostemotions.(她發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾十年前，一位名叫阿拉里的音樂家失聲了，每天晚上都會來到這個角落，用小提琴演奏他無聲的曲調(diào)，希望通過他的音樂與人交流。一些人認(rèn)為，這個角落吸收了阿拉里克對表達(dá)的渴望，成為所有尋求表達(dá)內(nèi)心情感的人的地方。)”可知，阿拉里那無聲的曲調(diào)增加了角落的神秘感。故選D。CChinesescientistsrecentlyachievedprecisetotalsynthesis(合成)ofsugarfromcarbondioxideinthelaboratory,markingacrucialstepinartificialsugarsynthesis.Thesynthesis,whichtookmorethantwoyearstorealize,wasachievedbyteamsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences’TianjinInstituteofIndustrialBiotechnologyandtheacademy’sDalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics.TheirresearchwaspublishedlastweekinapaperinChineseScienceBulletin,amultidisciplinaryacademicjournal.Sugarisamajorsourceofenergyforthehumanbodyandakeyrawmaterialforindustrialproduction,anditismainlyobtainedbyextractingitfromcropssuchassugarcane.However,thetraditionalmethodofextractionislimitedbytheenergyconversionefficiencyofplantphotosynthesis.Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.Intheirlatestresearch,theChinesescientistsadjustedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideandotherrawmaterialsinthereactionsolution.Withthehelpofchemicalcatalystsandenzyme(酶)catalysts,theyobtainedfourkindsofsugars:glucose,allulose,tagatoseandmannose.Theexperimentlastedabout17hours,muchshorterthanthetimerequiredfortraditionalmethodsofsugarextraction,accordingtoYangJiangang,leadauthorofthepaperandassociateresearcherattheTianjininstitute.Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.Thestudyalsoachievedprecisecontrolofartificialsugarsynthesis.“Bycontrollingthevariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes,theoreticallyalmostanytypeofsugarcanbesynthesized,”Yangsaid.Regardingthestudy,ManfredReetz,amemberoftheGermanNationalAcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,saiditisaparticularlychallengingtasktoconvertcarbondioxideintosugars.TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfieldthatfocusesonhowtofullyutilizerawmaterialsandenergyintheprocessofproducingtheintendedproductwhileminimizingoreliminatingtheuseandgenerationofharmfulsubstances.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.28.Whydoscientistskeepstudyingartificialsugarsynthesis?A.Becausesugarisanessentialenergysourceforindustrialproduction.B.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Becauserawmaterialsupplyisunreliableintheprocessoftraditionalsugarextraction.D.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachislessproductivethanplantphotosynthesis.29.HowistheChinesestudysignificant?A.Itsynthesizedalmostalltypesofsugarinthelaboratory.B.Itcontrolledvariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes.C.Itconvertedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideintosugar.D.Itlasted17hours,shorterthanprevioustraditionalmethods.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Greenchemistryhelpeduseupallrawmaterialstogeneratemoreproducts.B.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwillbeusedinindustrialproductionsoon.C.GreenchemistryisanewfieldwhereChinesescientistswillputmoreeffortson.D.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwilltakeupallsugarproductionduetoitsefficiency.【答案】28.C29.C30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，文章講述了中國科學(xué)家最近在實驗室中實現(xiàn)了用二氧化碳精確合成糖，標(biāo)志著人工糖合成邁出了關(guān)鍵一步?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.(此外，由于土地退化和短缺、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化以及全球變暖導(dǎo)致的極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害，原料供應(yīng)不確定，影響了提取糖的過程)”及文章第四段“Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.(因此，近年來，人工糖的合成一直受到科學(xué)界的不斷研究，世界各地的科學(xué)家都為這一努力做出了貢獻(xiàn))”可知，傳統(tǒng)的糖提取過程中原料供應(yīng)不可靠，所以科學(xué)家一直研究人工糖合成。故選C項。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.(在這項研究中，糖的合成效率為每小時0.67克每升，比全球科學(xué)家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上。楊教授說，二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為糖的葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)到每毫克催化劑每分鐘59.8納摩爾的碳。這是國內(nèi)和國際上已知的人造糖產(chǎn)量的最高水平)”可知，二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為糖的葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)化率濃度高，糖的合成效率為每小時0.67克每升，比全球科學(xué)家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上，所以中國科學(xué)家的研究意義重大，是因為它將高濃度的二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為糖。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfield(Reetz說，中國科學(xué)家的這一成就提供了一種靈活、多功能和高效的糖合成途徑，為綠色化學(xué)打開了一扇門。綠色化學(xué)，類似于可持續(xù)化學(xué)，是一個快速發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域)”及最后一段“Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.(二氧化碳到糖的轉(zhuǎn)化被視為綠色化學(xué)的一個例子，因為它是在常溫常壓條件下進(jìn)行的，不產(chǎn)生任何有害物質(zhì))”可知，二氧化碳精確合成糖為綠色化學(xué)打開了一扇門，它是一個快速發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域，可得出綠色化學(xué)是中國科學(xué)家將投入更多努力的一個新領(lǐng)域。故選C項。DMakingelectricityoutoffossilfuelsreleaseslotsofgreenhousegases,whichaccumulateintheatmosphereandheatuptheplanet.Nuclearpower,ontheotherhand,hasthepotentialtobeanalmostunlimitedandmoreclimate-friendlyenergysource.Thatisbecauseincontrasttofossilfuels,nogreenhousegasesarereleaseddirectlyduringtheimmediateuseofthefuel.However,therearealsoseveralmajorproblems.First,theminingofnuclearfueliscostlyandenergyintensiveandcausesmanyenvironmentalproblems.Second,nuclearenergyproductiongeneratessignificantamountsofradioactivewaste,whichisextremelydangerousifnothandledsafely.Finally,theentireprocessrequiresverycomplexandenergyintensiveinfrastructure(基建),whichcontributestoindirectgreenhousegasemissions.Weusecomputerandmathematicalmodelstounderstandifitmightbepossibletoredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaythattheyrunonnuclearwaste.Thiswouldreducethenegativeimpactsofcurrentandfuturenuclearpowergenerationimmensely.Ourmodelshowthatitisfeasible(可行的)toredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaytheycanrunonspentnuclearfuel(SNF).Plus,theSNFdoesnothavetobefurthermodifiedbeforeitisused.Evenbetter,ouradvancednuclearpowerstationsdonotproduceanyadditionalwaste.Whiletheseinnovativepowerstationsdonotyetexist,ourresearchindicatesthattheyarearealpossibilityforthefuture.Inourresearch,so-calledmoltensaltreactorsseemapromisingcandidateforthenewtypeofnuclearpowerstationastheycouldberedesignedtorunonSNF.Moltensaltreactorsoperateonfuelmeltinliquidsalt.Overalifetimeof60years,oneofthesereactorswould“eatup”roughly70tonsofSNF.Thisamountaccumulatesin3to4yearsofoperationinatraditionalnuclearpowerstationofcomparablesize.Oursuggestedredesignwouldmakenuclearenergygenerationmuchmoreefficientandsustainable,asitcould“squeezeout”upto20timesmoreenergyfromalreadyspentnuclearfuel.ItwouldalsoeliminateanySNFasasourceofhighlyproblematicwaste.Creatingnuclearpowerstationsthatcanrunonexistingnuclearwasteisaworthyendeavor,andourfeasibilityanalysisshowsthatitcanlikelybedone.However,weneedalotofinnovativeandmultidisciplinaryresearchtoputthisvisionintoreality.“Eatingup”radioactivewasteasfuelwouldeliminatethelong-termstorageproblemofcurrentnuclearwaste.Also,itwouldrelieveusfromthecostsandenvironmentaldamagesdonebyminingcurrentnuclearfuelandthecomplicatedprocessesrequiredforlongtermoperation.ThenewoperationalmodelwouldonlyconsistofmeltingtheSNF,operatingthereactor,andcleaningthefuelsalt.Allinall,itwouldreducemanyenvironmental,socialandpoliticalissuesofcurrentnuclearpowerproduction.Usingourcurrentnuclearwasteasfuelwouldallowustotakefulladvantageoftheclimate-friendlyaspectofnuclearpowergeneration.Eveninscienceandtechnology,it’simportanttorealizewhenwehavetorethinkourcurrentapproachesandwhatouroptionsareforimprovement.Currentnuclearpowerstationshavebeencreatedwithpasttechnologiesandgoalsinmind.Nowadays,somepeopleclaim,theymightcreateoftenmoreproblemsthantheysolve.Weneedinnovativealternativestoprovidesustainable,safeandcleanenergyforgenerationstocome.31.Whentalkingaboutthemajorproblemsofnuclearpowerproduction,theauthortriestosay________.A.nuclearenergyisnotenvironmental-friendlyB.nuclearpowerplantsdeservetoberemodeledC.nuclearenergyisdangerousanddifficulttohandleD.nuclearpowerplantsarecomplexandhardtobuild32.Whatdoestheword“endeavor”underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymean?A.attempt B.business C.candidate D.design33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theproposedreactorisfeasibleandlikelytobeputintouse.B.Theproposedreactoriseconomicalandoperationallyeffective.C.Theproposedreactorcansolvethemajorproblemspreviouslymentionedinthepassage.D.TheproposedreactorcanuseupSNFfrommanytraditionalreactorsofcomparablesize.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Nuclearwaste=fuelofthefuture?B.Nuclearproblems=effortstosolvethemC.Nuclearpower=cleanenergyforthefuture!D.Nuclearplants=innovationandmultidisciplinaryresearch【答案】31.B32.A33.B34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了對了核廢料的未來利用的探討?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“First,theminingofnuclearfueliscostlyandenergyintensiveandcausesmanyenvironmentalproblems.Second,nuclearenergyproductiongeneratessignificantamountsofradioactivewaste,whichisextremelydangerousifnothandledsafely.Finally,theentireprocessrequiresverycomplexandenergyintensiveinfrastructure(基建),whichcontributestoindirectgreenhousegasemissions.”（首先，核燃料的開采成本高，能源密集，并造成許多環(huán)境問題。其次，核能生產(chǎn)會產(chǎn)生大量的放射性廢物，如果不安全處理，這些廢物是極其危險的。最后，整個過程需要非常復(fù)雜和能源密集型的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，這導(dǎo)致了間接的溫室氣體排放。）可知，使用核燃料不僅會產(chǎn)生環(huán)境問題，還會產(chǎn)生大量的放射性廢物，如果處理不當(dāng)，這些廢物是極其危險的，充分說明了核電站在利用中應(yīng)該考慮的不利結(jié)果，即作者想要說明核電站應(yīng)該要得到改造。故選B?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“ourfeasibilityanalysisshowsthatitcanlikelybedone”（我們的可行性分析表明這是可能做到的）可知，我們的分析表明利用現(xiàn)在的核廢料來建造核電站的方法是可能做到的，是值得嘗試的，所以劃線詞的含義為“嘗試”，故選A。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中““Eatingup”radioactivewasteasfuelwouldeliminatethelong-termstorageproblemofcurrentnuclearwaste.Also,itwouldrelieveusfromthecostsandenvironmentaldamagesdonebyminingcurrentnuclearfuelandthecomplicatedprocessesrequiredforlongtermoperation.ThenewoperationalmodelwouldonlyconsistofmeltingtheSNF,operatingthereactor,andcleaningthefuelsalt.Allinall,itwouldreducemanyenvironmental,socialandpoliticalissuesofcurrentnuclearpowerproduction.Usingourcurrentnuclearwasteasfuelwouldallowustotakefulladvantageoftheclimate-friendlyaspectofnuclearpowergeneration.”（“全盤接受”放射性廢料作為燃料將消除目前核廢料的長期儲存問題。此外，它將使我們從開采現(xiàn)有核燃料和長期運行所需的復(fù)雜過程所造成的成本和環(huán)境破壞中解脫出來。新的運行模式將只包括熔化SNF、運行反應(yīng)堆和清潔燃料鹽?？偠灾?，它將減少當(dāng)前核電生產(chǎn)的許多環(huán)境、社會和政治問題。使用我們現(xiàn)有的核廢料作為燃料將使我們能夠充分利用核能發(fā)電對氣候友好的一面。）可知，對現(xiàn)有的核廢料全盤接受，當(dāng)作燃料不僅可以消除核廢料的長期儲存問題，同時也能把開采核燃料時造成的成本和環(huán)境破壞中解脫出來，還能減少核電利用時產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境、社會和政治問題，使我們能夠充分利用核能發(fā)電對氣候友好的一面，說明這種方式不但經(jīng)濟而且有效。故選B。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章在第一段對比了化石燃料發(fā)電的問題和核電發(fā)電的優(yōu)點；第二段描述了核電利用中的不足；第三段提出使用電腦和數(shù)學(xué)模型，利用核廢料重新設(shè)計核電站的構(gòu)想；第四、五、六段則描述了對這一構(gòu)想的研究和實施的結(jié)果：使用提議的反應(yīng)方式，它將減少當(dāng)前核電生產(chǎn)的許多環(huán)境、社會和政治問題。使用我們現(xiàn)有的核廢料作為燃料將使我們能夠充分利用核能發(fā)電對氣候友好的一面。最后一段提出：即使在科學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，重要的是要意識到我們何時必須重新思考我們目前的方法，以及我們有哪些改進(jìn)的選擇。我們需要創(chuàng)新的替代能源，為子孫后代提供可持續(xù)、安全和清潔的能源。所以，文章主要探討的是對于核廢料我們應(yīng)該要創(chuàng)新。把其視為未來的能源，選項A符合題意，故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Haveyoubecomereallyinterestedinself-improvementlately?Thispursuitofmoreandbetterthings,whethertheybebette