DFX可制造可裝配設(shè)計(jì)

制造設(shè)計(jì)與裝配設(shè)計(jì)

Designfor

Manufactureand

Assembly制造設(shè)計(jì)與裝配設(shè)計(jì)

DesignforManufacture&Assembly制造設(shè)計(jì)DesignforManufacture設(shè)計(jì)易于制造的零件

Designthecomponentpartsthatformtheproductforeaseofmanufacture裝配設(shè)計(jì)DesignforAssembly設(shè)計(jì)易于裝配的產(chǎn)品

Designtheproductforeaseofassembly參考構(gòu)成產(chǎn)品的更多零件或連接件

Referstotheadditionorjoiningofpartstoformthecompletedproduct制造設(shè)計(jì)與裝配設(shè)計(jì)

DesignforManufacture&Assembly手工裝配設(shè)計(jì)Designformanualassembly電子連接器與線束裝配Electricalconnectorsandwireharnessassembly高速自動(dòng)化裝配與機(jī)器人裝配High-speedautomaticassemblyandrobotassembly印刷線路版Printedcircuitboard機(jī)加工Machining注塑Injectionmolding金屬板材Sheetmetal澆鑄Die-casting粉末冶金加工Powdermetalprocessing設(shè)計(jì)的連續(xù)性DesignContinuum制造設(shè)計(jì)與裝配設(shè)計(jì)

Designformanufactureandassembly可維護(hù)性

Serviceability可循環(huán)性

Recycling制造設(shè)計(jì)與裝配設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

AdvantagesofDesignforManufacture&Assembly簡(jiǎn)化產(chǎn)品

Resultsinsimplerproducts鼓勵(lì)設(shè)計(jì)者與制造工程師進(jìn)行對(duì)話

Encouragesdialoguebetweendesignersandmanufacturingengineers大大節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力與物料成本

Achievessignificantsavingsinlaborandmaterials促進(jìn)精益制造

Enhancesleanmanufacturing設(shè)計(jì)要素DesignElements裝配設(shè)計(jì)Designforassembly制造設(shè)計(jì)Designformanufacture選擇物料與流程Selectionofmaterialsandprocesses詳細(xì)的樣機(jī)Detailedprototype流程簡(jiǎn)介ProcessOverview裝配設(shè)計(jì)DesignforAssembly減少使用獨(dú)特零件的數(shù)量

Reducethenumberofuniquepartsintheassemblydesign將易于裝配作為設(shè)計(jì)指引

Usedesignguidelinesforeaseofassembly減少獨(dú)特零件的數(shù)量

ReducetheNumberofUniqueParts零件間必須相互移動(dòng)嗎?

Mustthepartmoverelativetootherpartsalreadyinstalledintheassembly?零件要用不同材料制造嗎?

Mustthepartbemadeofdifferentmaterial?零件必須相互隔開嗎?

Mustthepartbeseparatefromotherparts?裝配設(shè)計(jì)前“線性可變差分變壓器”組件

LVDTAssemblyBeforeDesign支柱螺絲Stand-offScrews變壓器(外購組件)LVDT

(PurchasedAssembly)支柱(機(jī)加工件，鋼)LVDTStand-offs(MachinedSteel)外殼(焊接件，鋼)LVDTCover(WeldedSteel)外殼螺絲Cover

Screws底座(機(jī)加工件，鋁)LVDTBase(Machined

Aluminum)蓋板(塑膠)EndPlateSheet(Plastic)舉例：

LVDT組件Example:LVDTAssembly(裝配設(shè)計(jì)前)(Before)零件Part零件數(shù)量PartQuantity底座LVDTBase1變壓器LVDT1支柱StandOffs4支柱螺絲StandOffScrews4蓋板EndPlate1外殼Cover1外殼螺絲CoverScrews4每個(gè)組件零件總數(shù)TotalPartsperAssembly16Part零件零件數(shù)量PartQuantity

(裝配設(shè)計(jì)前)

(Before)零件數(shù)量(理論上)PartQuantity–

Theoretical

(裝配設(shè)計(jì)后)(After)底座LVDTBase11變壓器LVDT11支柱StandOffs40支柱螺絲StandOffScrews40蓋板EndPlate10外殼Cover11外殼螺絲CoverScrews40每個(gè)組件零件總數(shù)TotalPartsperAssembly163(裝配設(shè)計(jì)后)(After)舉例：

LVDT組件Example:LVDTAssembly裝配設(shè)計(jì)后的LVDT組件

LVDTAssemblyAfterDesign變壓器(外購組件)LVDT(Purchased

Assembly)底座LVDTBase外殼(注塑件)Cover

(Injection

Molded)3339設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)審零件數(shù)量最少零件測(cè)試移動(dòng)物料分開理論零件數(shù)量裝配時(shí)間原設(shè)計(jì)新設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)指數(shù)DesignIndex

理論裝配時(shí)間Theoreticalassemblytime

%設(shè)計(jì)效率Designefficiency=

實(shí)際裝配時(shí)間Actualassemblytimex100=理論最少零件數(shù)Theoreticalminimum#ofpartsx3理論裝配時(shí)間Theoreticalassemblytimex100

實(shí)際Actual–最少M(fèi)inimum

%減少零件之可能性Partsreductionpotential=

實(shí)際零件數(shù)量Actual#ofparts設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)審減少零件的潛力設(shè)計(jì)效率易于裝配指引GuidelinesforEaseofAssembly零件呈送Partspresentation零件搬運(yùn)Parthandling零件插入Partsinsertion零件緊固Partsfastening產(chǎn)品變化Productvariation零件呈送指引GuidelinesForPartsPresentation防止堵塞與糾纏

Designoutjammingandtangling避免過大或過小

Avoidtoosmallortoolarge兩端盡量要對(duì)稱

Designforend-to-endsymmetry沿插入方向旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱

Designforrotationalsymmetryaroundtheinsertionaxis防止糾纏DesignOutTangling防止相互連接DesignOutInterconnecting防止套住DesignOutNesting避免使用要精確放置的小零件

AvoidSmallItemsRequiringPrecisionPlacement對(duì)稱設(shè)計(jì)DesignForPartSymmetry零件搬運(yùn)考慮因素PartHandlingConsiderations尺寸Size厚度Thickness套住Nesting重量Weight糾纏Tangles易碎Fragile易滑Slippery易粘Sticky要雙手處理Requirestwohands要抓取工具Requiresgraspingtool要放大才看得見Requiresmagnificationtobeseen要機(jī)械輔助Requiresmechanicalassistance零件設(shè)計(jì)成帶承滴面

DesignPartsWithDrippingSurfaces零件插入指引GuidelinesForPartInsertion插入零件阻力要小

Designforminimalresistancetoinsertion采用非對(duì)稱設(shè)計(jì)，保證插入零件時(shí)正確定向

Useasymmetricaldesigntoensurecorrectpartorientationuponinsertion避免半成品重新定位–最好能垂直裝配(盡量沿一條軸裝配)

Avoidtheneedtorepositionapartially-completedassembly—designforverticalassembly(ononeaxis,ifpossible)避免裝配時(shí)要往下拿住零件才能定位

Avoiddesignsthatrequireholdingpartsdowntomaintainorientationduringassembly先定位，后松開

Designpartssothattheyarelocatedbeforetheyarereleased最小阻力設(shè)計(jì)DesignForMinimalResistance確保正確定位EnsureProperOrientation避免裝配時(shí)重新定位

AvoidReorientationDuringAssembly垂直式、單軸式裝配Vertical,One-AxisAssembly避免要固定零件才能定位

AvoidHoldingPartsToMaintainOrientation先定位，后松開

PartsAreLocatedBeforeTheyAreReleased先定位，后松開

PartsAreLocatedBeforeTheyAreReleased零件緊固指引GuidelinesForPartFastening使用機(jī)械式緊固件時(shí)，盡量使用最低成本的方法：

Whenusingmechanicalfasteners,attempttousethelowestcostmethod:按扣式固定Snapfitting塑膠彈性固定Plasticflexing鉚釘固定Riveting螺絲固定Screwing所有型號(hào)、所有生產(chǎn)線的零件、流程、方法都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化

Standardizeoncommonparts,processes,andmethodsacrossallmodelsandproductlines.緊固件設(shè)計(jì)DesignIntheFastener使用按扣式設(shè)計(jì)Use“SnapTogether”Designs緊固件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化StandardizeFasteners產(chǎn)品變化ProductVariation型號(hào)差異與靈活性

Planmodeldifferentiationandflexibility模塊化

Modularity在生產(chǎn)線末才決定型號(hào)

Modeldeterminationatendofline簡(jiǎn)化每天生產(chǎn)不同型號(hào)之要求

Simplifycapabilitytobuildanymodelandday減少倉存單位數(shù)量

ReducednumberofSKU’s零件的通用與再用

Common/re-useofparts其它指引MiscellaneousGuidelines避免使用連接

Avoidconnections避免難以操作

Eliminaterestrictedaccessforoperations避免需要調(diào)整

Avoidadjustments減少零件差異

Minimizepartvariation避免使用連接AvoidConnections避免難以操作EliminateRestrictedAccess最佳設(shè)計(jì)TheBestDesign簡(jiǎn)單化–機(jī)器人都可以完成

Simple-evenforarobot不用看或單個(gè)手都可以操作

Blindfolded,one–armedoperator“最佳的設(shè)計(jì)就是可行而最簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)?！?/p>

-阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦“Thebestdesignisthesimplestdesignthatworks.” –AlbertEinstein制造設(shè)計(jì)的概念DFMConcepts減少零件Partsreductionstrategy原料選擇Rawmaterialchoices防錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)Mistake-proofdesigns六西格瑪制程能力設(shè)計(jì)Designfor6sigmaprocesscapability加工Processing物料Material工模Tooling裝配Assembly最低總成本設(shè)計(jì)DesignForLowestTotalCost少零件

最佳設(shè)計(jì)FewerParts

BestDesignStrategy原料決定流程

RawMaterialChoicesLeadtoProcessDecisions零件裝配ComponentAssembly用整塊料加工MachinedFromSolid成型Formed鑄造Cast?鍛造Forged?粉末冶金PowderedMetal?厚度統(tǒng)一CommonizeThickness使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的庫存尺寸UtilizeStandardStockSizes.250.263直徑1/2”dia直徑