重慶市第一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題 含解析

2024年重慶一中高2025屆高三上期開學(xué)摸底測(cè)試英語試題卷英語試題卷共11頁。滿分150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫在答題卡上。2.作答時(shí)，務(wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onanairplane.B.Onabus.C.Inashop.2.Howmuchdoesthewomanfinallyofferfortheblouse?A.$54.B.$51.C.$48.3.Whatdidthemanfeelgratefulfor?A.Theteamwork.B.Somerecommendations.C.Hisresearch.4.Whocoststheleast?A.Apianist.B.Aguitarist.C.Ajazzsinger.5.Whydoesthemanpayextra?A.Hewantstobuythebook.B.Heborrowedthebook.C.Hereturnedthebooklate.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6、7題。6.WhydoesSusanwanttoliveinasmalltown?A.Foritsquietenvironment.B.Foraneasyjob.C.Foritslowhousingprice.7.WhathasChristopherdecidedtodobeforemoving?A.Tobuyahouse.B.Tofindajob.C.Toknowtheplace.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Adoptahomelesscat.B.Workasavolunteer.C.Donateforacatshelter.9.Howdidthemanreacttothewoman’sideaofgettingBarbieaboyfriend?A.Hescreamed.B.Helaughed.C.Henodded.10.Whatwillthetwospeakersdointheend?A.Trytoreachanagreement.B.Continuetotalkaboutit.C.TurntoDanielforthedecision.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第11至13題。11.Whyisthewomantryingtoloseweight?A.Forhermarriage.B.Forherfriend’swedding.C.Forherownhealth.12.Howisthewoman’sweightlossplangoing?A.Itdoesn’tworkatall.B.Itisn’tgoingaswellasexpected.C.Ithasn’tbeencarriedoutyet.13.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Nottoeatmuch.B.Toexercisemore.C.Tomindwhattoeat.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第14至17題。14.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Totellhimaboutherwork.B.Toaskforàhigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.15.Howisthebusinessofthecompany?A.Worsethanbefore.B.Asgoodasbefore.C.Betterthanbefore.16.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Financialpressure.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Contributiontothecompany.17.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Satisfactory.B.Disappointing.C.Justso-so.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至20題。18.WhendidthespeakerbegintolearnChinese?A.27yearsago.B.7yearsago.C.10yearsago.19.WhichofthefollowingmeansfluencyinChineseinthespeaker’sopinion?A.Readinganewspaperquicklyenough.B.Answeringteachers’questionsinChinese.C.Talkingfreelywithoutreferringtoatext.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.HowonecangainfluencyinChinese.B.HowlongittakestobefluentinChinese.CWhyfluencyinChineseisofgreatimportance.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACityWalkinShanghaiWhenitcomestoShanghai,themajorityofpeoplewouldthinkoficonicattractionssuchastheBundandNanjingRoad.However,beyondthesewell-knownplaces,ShanghaiisliterallyoneofthemostsuitablecitiesinChinaforleisurelyurbanstrolls,i.e.citywalk.Now,let’stakealookatseveralexceptionallyfamousroadsinShanghaiandsavoraratherpleasantcitywalktogetherunderthefantasticwutongtrees.AnfuRd.AnfuRoadisagatheringplacefortrendsettersinShanghai,cateringprimarilytoyoungcustomersandembodyingarelaxedvibe.Alongthestreet,you’llfindavarietyofbrandsincludingfashionstreetwearlabels,boutiques,semi-openbrunchrestaurants,afternoonteaspots,handmadejewelrystores,fragranceshops,vintageboutiques,beautypop-upstores,bakeries,andmore.Mostoftheshopsadoptanindustrialminimaliststylefortheirinteriordecoration.Orderingacupofcoffeein13DEMARZOandeitherwaitingforitortakingitupstairstobrowsethroughtheclothesisaspecialexperiencethatcannotbefoundinanyshoppingmallelsewhere.WukangRd.WukangRoadishailedasoneofthemostEuropean-styledistrictsincentralShanghai,withformerresidencesofcelebritieslikeBaJinandculturalrelicsdottedalongitspath.ThedistinctivearchitectureincludestheiconicWukangMansion,builtin1924andresemblingagiganticsailingship,whichhasbecomeapopulardestinationforinternetcelebritiesandvisitorsalike.FindacozyartsycaféonWukangRoad,sitbythewindow,andholdacupofhotcoffeeinyourhands.Asyouindulgeintheluxuryofdoingnothing,savorthewarmthofthewintersunglintingofftheshinywutongtreesliningtheroad.HuaihaiRd.(M)HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.Asyouwalkalongthisroad,thewutongtreesonbothsidescarryauniqueromanticatmospherethatisquintessentiallyShanghai.Thediversearrayoffashionableandtrendyshopsliningtheroadsideaddsevenmoresophisticationandcharmtothispath.There’sagiantcroissant-shaped(可頌形狀的)gyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.SinanRd.Asaculturalthoroughfare,SinanRoadboastsarichhistoryofcelebritieswhosestoriesareaspreciousasfamilyheirlooms.Tracingthetracesoftime,onecanglimpsetheturbulenthistoricaleventsthathaveshapedthisplace.ThebuildingsalongthewaycontaintheResidenceofPremierZhouEnlai,MeiLanfang’sformerresidence,Dr.SunYat-sen’sformerresidence,andsoon.TheyencompassbothtraditionalShanghailanehousesandWestern-stylerestaurantsandbars.AsarenownedhistoricalandculturaldistrictinShanghai,SinanRoadhasbornewitnesstothecity’scentennialevolution.Amidstthebustlingcityscape,itprovidesasereneandpoeticretreat,richinculturalheritageandembodyingthedistinctivecharmofShanghai.1.Whichcitywalkrouteoffersauniqueshoppingexperience?A.AnfuRd. B.WukangRd. C.HuaihaiRd.(M) D.SinanRd.2.WhomdoesHuaihaiRd.(M)suitbest?A.Ethan,whoadorese-sportsandcomputerequipment.B.Olivia,whomajorsinChinesecontemporaryhistory.C.Wade,whoiskeenonfitnessdevicesandpreferinnovativethings.D.Chloe,whodoesresearchinEuropean-stylearchitecture.3.WhatdoWukangRd.andSinanRd.haveincommon?A.Bothareknownfortheirtrendyfashionboutiquesandstreetwearlabels.B.Bothfeatureiconicbuildingswithhistoricalsignificance.C.Botharepopularamongyoungcustomers.D.Bothofferavarietyofsemi-openbrunchrestaurantsandafternoonteaspots.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了上海城市漫步幾條特別著名的道路?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HuaihaiRd.(M)中“HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.Asyouwalkalongthisroad,thewutongtreesonbothsidescarryauniqueromanticatmospherethatisquintessentiallyShanghai.Thediversearrayoffashionableandtrendyshopsliningtheroadsideaddsevenmoresophisticationandcharmtothispath.There’sagiantcroissant-shapedgyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.”（上海淮海路中路無疑是年輕一代的最愛，也是這座城市最具活力的商業(yè)街之一。當(dāng)你走在這條路上，兩旁的梧桐樹帶著一種獨(dú)特的浪漫氣息，這是典型的上海。路邊各種各樣的時(shí)尚商店為這條路增添了更多的精致和魅力。在HAUSNOWHERE街上有一個(gè)巨大的牛角面包形狀的健身房，在那里你可以拍出獨(dú)特的照片。）可知上?；春Ｖ新凡叫新肪€能提供獨(dú)特的購(gòu)物體驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)HuaihaiRd.(M)中“HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.”（上海淮海中路無疑是年輕一代的最愛，也是這座城市最具活力的商業(yè)街之一。）以及“There’sagiantcroissant-shapedgyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.”（在HAUSNOWHERE街上有一個(gè)巨大的牛角面包形狀的健身房，在那里你可以拍出獨(dú)特的照片。）可推知，上?；春Ｖ新愤m合熱衷于健身設(shè)備，更喜歡創(chuàng)新的東西的韋德。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WukangRd.中“WukangRoadishailedasoneofthemostEuropean-styledistrictsincentralShanghai,withformerresidencesofcelebritieslikeBaJinandculturalrelicsdottedalongitspath.ThedistinctivearchitectureincludestheiconicWukangMansion,builtin1924andresemblingagiganticsailingship,whichhasbecomeapopulardestinationforinternetcelebritiesandvisitorsalike.”（武康路被譽(yù)為上海市中心最具歐洲風(fēng)格的地區(qū)之一，沿途有巴金等名人的故居和文物。獨(dú)特的建筑包括標(biāo)志性的武康大廈，建于1924年，形似一艘巨大的帆船，已成為網(wǎng)紅和游客的熱門目的地。）以及SinanRd.中“Asaculturalthoroughfare,SinanRoadboastsarichhistoryofcelebritieswhosestoriesareaspreciousasfamilyheirlooms.Tracingthetracesoftime,onecanglimpsetheturbulenthistoricaleventsthathaveshapedthisplace.ThebuildingsalongthewaycontaintheResidenceofPremierZhouEnlai,MeiLanfang’sformerresidence,Dr.SunYat-sen’sformerresidence,andsoon.TheyencompassbothtraditionalShanghailanehousesandWestern-stylerestaurantsandbars.AsarenownedhistoricalandculturaldistrictinShanghai,SinanRoadhasbornewitnesstothecity’scentennialevolution.”（作為一條文化大道，思南路擁有豐富的名人歷史，他們的故事就像傳家寶一樣珍貴。追尋時(shí)間的痕跡，人們可以瞥見塑造了這個(gè)地方的動(dòng)蕩的歷史事件。沿途的建筑有周恩來總理官邸、梅蘭芳故居、孫中山故居等。它們既有傳統(tǒng)的上海弄堂，也有西式的餐廳和酒吧。作為上海著名的歷史文化區(qū)，思南路見證了這座城市百年的變遷。）可知，武康路和思南路的共同之處是兩者都有具有歷史意義的標(biāo)志性建筑。故選B項(xiàng)。BAsingleworking-classwomannamedChristineleftherchildathomeduetoovertimeworkandfoundhersonmissingwhenshereturnedhome.Thepolicefirstrefusedtoacceptthereportwithin24hours,andthenthecasemadelittleprogress.Fivemonthslater,thepolicesuddenlytoldChristinethattheyhadfoundhersonandbroughtalargegroupofmediatothetrainstationtomeethim.AlthoughChristineimmediatelyrecognizedthattheboywasnotherson,thelittleboyinsistedrepeatedlythathewasherson,andthepolicechiefalsotriedtopersuadeherthatshemightnotrecognizehimafterbeingawayfromhimforsolong.Asaresult,newspaperswerefilledwithnewsofthereunionofmotherandson,andtheLosAngelespoliceregainedsomeface.However,basedontheboy’sheight,circumcisionstatus,andthejudgmentsofdentistsandteachers,Christinewasconvincedthatthechildwasdefinitelynothers.Shehopedthatthepolicewouldcontinuetosearchforherson,butherrequestwasrejected,andshewasevenimprisonedinamentalhospitalasamentalpatient.Christinethenrealizedthatmanyofthewomentherewereimprisonedforopposingthepoliceandwouldonlybereleasediftheypromisednottocauseanymoretrouble.Fortunately,ChristinehadthesupportofPastorGustavBriegleb,whohadalwayshatedthepolice.HehelpedChristinetransformfromahelplesswomanintoafighterwhostoodincourtandconfrontedtheLosAngelespolice.Ontheotherhand,thewhereaboutsofhersongraduallybecameclearwiththearrestofapsychopathickiller.Hersonhadachancetoescape,butheresolutelyreturnedtothekiller’sfarmtohelpanotherfallenpartner,andfromthenon,therewasnonewsofhim.Christinespentherentirelifesearchingforherson,butsheneverfoundhimuntilherdeath.Thistruestoryfilledwithadversityandcouragewasadaptedintoaclassicsuspensefilmin2008.4.WhatwastheinitialresponseofthepolicewhenChristinereportedhersonmissing?A.Theyimmediatelybegansearchingforthechild.B.Theydeclinedtoacceptthereportwithinoneday.C.TheyquestionedChristine’smentalstate.D.Theyprovidedafullinvestigationfromthestart.5.WhydidChristinebelievetheboypresentedtoherbythepolicewasnotherson?A.Becausehedidn’tlooklikeherphysically.B.Becausehedidn’trecognizeherimmediately.C.Becausesomeofhisphysicalfeaturesdidn’tfit.D.Becausethepolicechieftoldhershemightnotrecognizehim.6.WhatwasthefateofChristineaftersheinsistedthattheboywasnotherson?A.Shewaspraised. B.Shewasreleased.C.Shewasimprisoned. D.Shewassupported.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutChristine’ssonfromthepassage?A.Hemanagedtoescapefromthepsychopathickillerandlivedahappylife.B.Hebravelyreturnedtohelpanothervictim,buthisfateremainedunknown.C.HewaseventuallyfoundaliveandreunitedwithChristine.D.Hehadbeenlivingwiththekillerallalong,unawareofhistrueidentity.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事，一位母親因兒子失蹤而與警方產(chǎn)生的一系列互動(dòng)和斗爭(zhēng)，以及她堅(jiān)持不懈地尋找兒子的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thepolicefirstrefusedtoacceptthereportwithin24hours,andthenthecasemadelittleprogress.(警方最初在24小時(shí)內(nèi)拒絕受理報(bào)案，之后案件也幾乎沒有進(jìn)展。)”可知，警方最初在24小時(shí)內(nèi)拒絕接受報(bào)案，即一天內(nèi)拒絕接受報(bào)案。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“However,basedontheboy’sheight,circumcisionstatus,andthejudgmentsofdentistsandteachers,Christinewasconvincedthatthechildwasdefinitelynothers.(然而，根據(jù)男孩的身高、是否接受過包皮手術(shù)以及牙醫(yī)和老師的判斷，Christine確信這個(gè)孩子絕對(duì)不是她的。)”可知，Christine是根據(jù)男孩的某些身體特征不符合而認(rèn)定警方交給她的男孩不是她兒子。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Shehopedthatthepolicewouldcontinuetosearchforherson,butherrequestwasrejected,andshewasevenimprisonedinamentalhospitalasamentalpatient.(她希望警方能繼續(xù)尋找她的兒子，但她的請(qǐng)求被拒絕，甚至還被當(dāng)作精神病患者關(guān)進(jìn)了精神病院。)”可知，Christine的請(qǐng)求被拒絕，甚至還被當(dāng)作精神病患者關(guān)進(jìn)了精神病院。這等同于說她被囚禁了。故選C。7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Hersonhadachancetoescape,butheresolutelyreturnedtothekiller’sfarmtohelpanotherfallenpartner,andfromthenon,therewasnonewsofhim.(她的兒子有機(jī)會(huì)逃脫，但他毅然決然地回到殺手的農(nóng)場(chǎng)去幫助另一個(gè)倒下的同伴，從此之后，就再也沒有了他的消息。)”可知，Christine的兒子勇敢地回去幫助另一個(gè)受害者，但他的命運(yùn)仍然未知。故選B。CI’vestartedtohatetraveling.Whenmyfriendsheardmesaythat,theywereallshockedandconfused,becauseI’manabsolutetravelfanatic.It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.WhatIhatemostduringeverytripishearing,“Thisplaceisperfectforphotos,takeafewforme.”Itseemsourtravelshavebecomenothingmorethancheck-insandphotosessions.Travelingisnolongeraboutadmiringscenery,marvelingatthemagnificentlandscapesofourmotherland,orexperiencingnewlifestyles.Instead,Iseecrowdsofpeoplesnappingpicturesandcheckingofflocations,hardlyanyonepausingtogenuinelysoakinthesightsandexperienceswiththeirowneyesandhearts.Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof“checkingin”.Travelhaschanged,andsohavemanyaspectsofourlives.Weexperiencetoolittlegenuinejoywithin.I’veaskedmystudentswhytheystudy,andalmostallofthemanswerthatit’stobeadmittedintoagooduniversity,seekagoodjob,andearnalotofmoney.Idon’tthinkthesearewrongorevenunnecessaryaspirations,butwhereisourinnerhappinessandpeace?Whenwillwebeabletotravelforthesakeoftraveling,tolearnforthesakeoflearning,togoshoppingforthesakeofgoingshoppingandtopreserveourauthenticity?Afterall,wearehumanbeings.Howmanyofusarelivingday-to-day,goingthroughthemotions,turninglifeintoachore,amereexistence?Westillhave“poetryanddistanthorizons”topursue.Wemuststriveforwhattrulydefinesusashuman,orwerisklosingourhumanity.8.Whichofthefollowingwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“fanatic”inparagraph1?A.Journalist. B.Psychologist. C.Enthusiast. D.Artist.9.Whatistheauthor’smainreasonforhatingtravelingnowadays?A.Theinconvenienceofmoderntransportation. B.Theincreasingcostoftraveling.C.Theovercrowdingoftouristattractions. D.Theshiftinpeople’sperceptionoftraveling.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthe“moderntraveltrilogy”?A.Favorable. B.Disapproving. C.Indifferent. D.Ambiguous.11.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?A.Theauthorregretsbecomingatravelfanatic.B.Modernsocietyhaslosttouchwithgenuineexperiences.C.Travelingisnolongeranenjoyableactivity.D.Thepurposeoftravelinghasshiftedtosocialmedia.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要談?wù)摿俗髡邔?duì)現(xiàn)代旅行目的與方式的不滿，并探討了人們?cè)诂F(xiàn)代社會(huì)中缺乏真實(shí)體驗(yàn)的問題?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句前文“I’vestartedtohatetraveling.Whenmyfriendsheardmesaythat,theywereallshockedandconfused(我開始討厭旅行了。當(dāng)我的朋友們聽到我這么說時(shí)，他們都很震驚和困惑)”說明朋友對(duì)作者討厭旅行的說法感到震驚和困惑，因?yàn)樽髡叻浅釔勐眯校瑥亩浦癰ecauseI’manabsolutetravelfanatic(因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)絕對(duì)的旅行fanatic)”中劃線詞fanatic應(yīng)為“狂熱者，愛好者”的意思，與C項(xiàng)同義。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.(并不是我不喜歡旅行本身；相反，我不喜歡現(xiàn)代人給它的新定義，這是對(duì)旅游業(yè)的一種根本錯(cuò)誤的理解。)”和第二段“Travelingisnolongeraboutadmiringscenery,marvelingatthemagnificentlandscapesofourmotherland,orexperiencingnewlifestyles.Instead,Iseecrowdsofpeoplesnappingpicturesandcheckingofflocations,hardlyanyonepausingtogenuinelysoakinthesightsandexperienceswiththeirowneyesandhearts.Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(旅行不再是欣賞風(fēng)景，驚嘆祖國(guó)的壯麗景色，或者體驗(yàn)新的生活方式。相反，我看到的是一大群人在拍照和查看地點(diǎn)，幾乎沒有人停下來真正沉浸在他們自己的眼睛和心靈的風(fēng)景和經(jīng)歷中。曾經(jīng)詩(shī)意的旅程已經(jīng)變成了所謂的現(xiàn)代旅行三部曲：走近，拍照，離開?，F(xiàn)在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒體上發(fā)帖子，向大家炫耀，讓自己沉浸在一個(gè)完全由自己的帖子構(gòu)建的世界里。旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮H僅是參觀簽到點(diǎn)，完成‘簽到’的任務(wù)。)”可知，作者現(xiàn)在討厭旅行的主要原因是人們對(duì)旅行觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.(并不是我不喜歡旅行本身;相反，我不喜歡現(xiàn)代人給它的新定義，這是對(duì)旅游業(yè)的一種根本錯(cuò)誤的理解。)”以及第二段中“Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(曾經(jīng)詩(shī)意的旅程已經(jīng)變成了所謂的現(xiàn)代旅行三部曲：走近，拍照，離開?，F(xiàn)在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒體上發(fā)帖子，向大家炫耀，讓自己沉浸在一個(gè)完全由自己的帖子構(gòu)建的世界里。旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮H僅是參觀簽到點(diǎn)，完成‘簽到’的任務(wù)。)”可知，作者對(duì)“現(xiàn)代旅行三部曲”持不贊成的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(現(xiàn)在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒體上發(fā)帖子，向大家炫耀，讓自己沉浸在一個(gè)完全由自己的帖子構(gòu)建的世界里。旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮H僅是參觀簽到點(diǎn)，完成‘簽到’的任務(wù)。)”可知，作者在文章中暗示了旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向了社交媒體。故選D項(xiàng)。DThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.Onlysomepeopleseemcapableofthissplit-secondformofheroism.Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.Ofcourse,heroismandcouragecanappearinmanyforms,andmenandwomenrisktheirreputations,health,andsocialstandingtodowhattheythinkisright.Whenitcomestophysicallyriskybravery,peopleassumethatmenwilltakethelead.Therearesoundbiologicalreasonsforthisfixedimage.Oneofthemostcommonfearsinmenisthatthey’llbeoutedasacoward(懦夫),andamanwhofailstodisplayphysicalcouragewillsufferdamagetohisreputationinawaythatawomanwillnot.Throughouthumanhistory,attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(同齡人)hasbeentheticketthatneedstogetpunchedformentoattractmatesandfatherchildren.Peopletendtohaveanideaofwhatheroesarelike.Whenratingthepersonalitiesofmovieheroes,participantsexpectedthemtobemorecarefulandhard-working,opentoexperience,agreeable,andemotionallystablethantheaverageperson!Butsomestudiesindicatethatpeoplewhoexhibitheroicbehaviorscorehighonpersonalityusuallyassociatedwithmadmen:risk-taking,sensationseeking,coolnessunderstress,andatendencytotakeoverinsocialsituations.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenpersonalityandheroismisatanearlystage.Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.Futuredisasterswillcryoutforfurtheractsoftrueheroism.Hopefully,therightmixofcircumstancesandpersonalitiesenablecouragetocarrytheday.12.Howisthetopicintroducedinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bypresentingaconcept.C.Byexplainingatheory. D.Bydrawingaconclusion.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getpunched”inparagraph2mean?A.Bepurchased. B.Begifted. C.Beobtained. D.Beabandoned.14.Whyisitdifficulttopredictwhowillactheroicallyinacrisis?A.Heroesandordinarypeoplearealwaysdifficulttotellapart.B.Heroismisaphenomenoninfluencedbynumerousfactors.C.Unknowncircumstancesplayacrucialroleinheroicacts.D.Individualpersonalityisnotareliableindicatorofheroism15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowAreHeroesTrained? B.WhoAretheTrueHeroes?CWhyAreHeroesEssential? D.WhatMakesaPersonHeroic?【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞“為什么有些人在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻能展現(xiàn)出英勇行為，而有些人卻不能”這一主題進(jìn)行論述，探討了英勇行為的多種表現(xiàn)形式、生物學(xué)原因、與個(gè)性的關(guān)系以及研究的現(xiàn)狀和未來展望?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.Onlysomepeopleseemcapableofthissplit-secondformofheroism.Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.(三名年輕的美國(guó)男子在一列擁擠的火車上遇到了一名全副武裝的恐怖分子。他們不顧個(gè)人安危，沖向恐怖分子并將其控制。只有一些人似乎能在這種千鈞一發(fā)之際展現(xiàn)出英勇行為。為什么有些人能在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻挺身而出，而有些人卻不能，這個(gè)問題一直難以解釋。)”可知，在第一段中，作者通過描述三名年輕美國(guó)男子在火車上遇到恐怖分子并控制其的情境，為文章的主題——英勇行為的出現(xiàn)——提供了一個(gè)具體的例子。這種引入方式是通過實(shí)際事件或場(chǎng)景來吸引讀者，并引導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)入文章的主題。故選A。【13題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句“Throughouthumanhistory,attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(同齡人)hasbeentheticketthatneedstogetpunchedformentoattractmatesandfatherchildren.(在人類歷史上，在同齡人中獲得高地位或支配地位一直是男性吸引伴侶和繁衍后代……的“門票”。)”可知，男性需要“門票”來吸引伴侶和繁衍后代，這里“ticket”比喻為達(dá)到某個(gè)目的所需的條件或資格，而“getpunched”則比喻為“獲得”這個(gè)條件或資格。選項(xiàng)A“Bepurchased(被購(gòu)買)”；選項(xiàng)B“Begifted(被贈(zèng)送)”；選項(xiàng)C“Beobtained(被獲得)”；選項(xiàng)D“Beabandoned(被放棄)”。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.Futuredisasterswillcryoutforfurtheractsoftrueheroism.Hopefully,therightmixofcircumstancesandpersonalitiesenablecouragetocarrytheday.(心理學(xué)家仍然無法提前預(yù)測(cè)誰會(huì)在需要時(shí)英勇地挺身而出。通常，英雄只是一個(gè)在非凡情況下發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處其中的普通人。同時(shí)，一些接受過英勇行為訓(xùn)練的人在危機(jī)時(shí)刻可能會(huì)猶豫不決。未來的災(zāi)難將呼喚更多的真正英勇行為。希望合適的情境和個(gè)性的結(jié)合能讓勇氣戰(zhàn)勝一切。)”可知，英勇行為并不是由單一因素決定的，而是受多種因素影響的。此外，雖然個(gè)性與英勇行為之間有關(guān)系，但研究仍處于初級(jí)階段，且有些受過英勇行為訓(xùn)練的人在危機(jī)時(shí)刻也可能會(huì)猶豫。因此，很難根據(jù)個(gè)性或其他單一因素來預(yù)測(cè)誰在危機(jī)中會(huì)表現(xiàn)出英勇行為。故選B。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.(為什么有些人能在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻挺身而出，而有些人卻不能，這個(gè)問題一直難以解釋。心理學(xué)家已通過生物學(xué)和個(gè)性心理學(xué)對(duì)這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了探究。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要探討了是什么因素促使一些人在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻展現(xiàn)出英勇行為，而其他人卻不能。它涉及了英勇行為的多種表現(xiàn)形式、生物學(xué)原因、與個(gè)性的關(guān)系以及研究的現(xiàn)狀和未來展望。因此，文章的核心是探討是什么造就了英雄，即是什么因素促使人們表現(xiàn)出英勇行為。選項(xiàng)D“WhatMakesaPersonHeroic?(是什么造就了英雄？)”準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主題和核心內(nèi)容。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MastertheABCTheory:ChangeYourCognitionandSayGoodbyetoNegativeEmotions“WhyamIsostupid?Ididsopoorlythistime.I’mdefinitelygoingtofailinthefutureexamstoo.I’mrankedsolowthistimeandI’mreallyfinished.MyEnglishscoreisonlyaround110,soterribleandIcan’tkeepstudying”___16___Ifso,whynotgiveABCtheoryatryandletyourselfdeeplyunderstandyouremotionalandbehavioralreactions,soyoucanmakeachange!TheABCTheoryinpsychologicaltheoriesisafundamentalconceptwithinCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT),firstintroducedbyAmericanpsychologistAlbertEllisinthe1950s.Thistheoryprimarilyservestoexplainhowhumanemotionsandbehaviorsareinfluencedbyourcognitionsandinterpretationsofevents.___17___A(ActivatingEvent):Referstothespecificeventorsituationexperiencedbyanindividual,servingasthedirectexternalstimulusthattriggerssubsequentreactions.B(Belief):Containsanindividual’sinterpretation,evaluation,andbeliefsregardingtheactivatingevent,includingtheircorebeliefsandautomaticthoughtsinspecificcontexts.C(Consequence):Denotesthebehavioral,andpsychologicaloutcomesresultingfromthesebeliefs.___18___TheABCTheoryemphasizesthatitisnottheactivatingeventitself(A)butratheranindividual’sbeliefsandinterpretationsoftheseevents(B)thatgiverisetotheiremotionalandbehavioraloutcomes(C).___19___Bychallenging,andalteringtheseirrationalbeliefs,emotionalandbehavioralimprovementscanbeachieved.Sowhenfacingemotionaldistress,youcanregulateyouremotionsbyadjustingyourcognitivepatterns—alteringyourbeliefsorperspectivesoneventstomanageyouremotions.___20___A.Arethesebeliefscommonforyou?B.Areyouconfidentandpositiveaboutyourcircumstances?C.TheseexamplesalldemonstratetheapplicationofABCtheoryindailylife.D.Differentbeliefsleadtovaryingemotionalresponsesandbehavioralconsequences.E.BelowisanexplanationoftheABCTheory:F.Thus,Ellisbelievedthatmostpsychologicalproblemsstemfromirrationalbeliefs.G.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Whynotgiveitatry?【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了ABC理論，即認(rèn)知行為療法中的一個(gè)基本概念，旨在幫助人們理解情緒和行為反應(yīng)，并通過改變認(rèn)知來改善情緒和行為?！?6題詳解】上文““WhyamIsostupid?Ididsopoorlythistime.I’mdefinitelygoingtofailinthefutureexamstoo.I’mrankedsolowthistimeandI’mreallyfinished.MyEnglishscoreisonlyaround110,soterribleandIcan’tkeepstudying”(“我為什么這么笨？我這次考得這么差。我未來的考試也一定會(huì)失敗。我這次排名這么低，我真的完了。我的英語成績(jī)只有110分左右，太可怕了，我不能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)了”)”提到了一系列負(fù)面的自我評(píng)價(jià)和情緒，A選項(xiàng)“Arethesebeliefscommonforyou?