高中英語虛擬語氣

TheSubjunctiveMoodGrammarTheSubjunctiveMoodI.概念:II.形式:

虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞形式在條件狀語從句中,其主從句形式有較固定的形式要求(見III.用法1),在

名詞性從句中多用should+原形,在定語從句,wish后面所接的賓語從句,以及其它狀語從句

中用過去時(shí).

語氣是用來表示談話人的態(tài)度和看法的動(dòng)詞形式.英語有三種語氣:①陳述語氣(同陳述句)②祈使語氣(同祈使句),③虛擬語氣.

虛擬語氣不表示一個(gè)事實(shí),而是表示一種假設(shè)情況.一、If虛擬條件句：虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞形式

動(dòng)詞形式時(shí)間從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)可能相反動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式一般用were）wouldshould+動(dòng)詞原形couldmighthad+過去分詞wouldshould+have+過去分詞couldmight1.動(dòng)詞過去式2.should+動(dòng)詞原形3.wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形wouldshould+動(dòng)詞原形couldmight1.要是我上個(gè)學(xué)期努力學(xué)習(xí)英語的話，我就不會(huì)考試失敗了。2.假如他今晚能回來的話，他也許會(huì)給你一些建議。IfI______________Englishhardlastterm,I______________________theexam.Ifhe_______________backthisevening,he_____________yousomeadvice.3.要是我是你，我明天就向老師道歉。IfI______you,I_______________totheteachertomorrow.需符合的條件：條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞有系動(dòng)詞were,助動(dòng)詞had或should，可將if省略，而把were，had，should移到主語前。if條件句的省略和倒裝1.Were

Iyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

2.

Had

hebeenthereyesterday,

hewouldhaveseenthefilm.3.

Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.請看下例：if條件句的倒裝if溜，had,should,

were句首走。Practice:Fillintheblankswithproperforms:He_________(tell)youifhe______(know),I’msure.2.IfI____(have)moretime,I___________(learn)anotherforeignlanguage.3.Ifhe______(be)here,he__________(show)ushowtoperformtheexperiment.4.IfI______(be)you,I_________(pay)moreattentiontoEnglishidioms.5.I___________(help)youifI______(can).6.IfI____________(receive)youre-mail,I____________________(answer)itlongago.wouldtellknewhadwouldlearnwerewerecouldwouldshowwouldpaywouldhelphadreceivedwouldhaveanswered7.Ifyou___________(start)theworkearlier,you___________________(finish)itbynow.8.Ifwe__________(notrely)onourownstrengthwe________________(die)ofstarvation.9.IfI__________(know)youraddress,I____________________(write)toyouthen.10.IfI___________(notbe)busy,I____________(come)tohelp.11.Ifwe___________(start)outfiveminuteslater,we__________________(miss)thetrain.12.You_______________(meet)thefamousscientistifyou__________(come)yesterday.hadstartedwouldhavefinishedhadn’treliedwouldhavediedhadknownhadn’tbeenwouldhavemissedwouldwouldhavecomehadstartedhadcomewouldhavemethavewritten13.Ifhe_______________(be)heretomorrow,you___________(ask)himaboutityourself.14.We_________(be)verypleasedifyou______________(attend)thegatheringtonight.15.I___________(ask)himtoringyouupifI____________________________(see)him.16.Ifyou___________(canget)backnextweek,we_________(go)campingtogether.were/shouldbewerewouldaskcouldaskwouldbetoattendsaw/shouldsee/weretoseecouldgetwouldgo二、用于名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

賓語從句主語從句表語從句同位語從句1)用于賓語從句中:在wish后用動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的過去時(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí),如果與過去事實(shí)相反,動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí):

eg.HowIwishIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky!IwishIhadnotmadesomanymistakesinthelastexam.HowIwishitweren’trainingnow!(2)在wouldrather后用過去時(shí):

eg.I’dratheryoucametomorrow.(3)在advise,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest后用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略:

eg.Hesuggestedwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.

Weinsistedtheynotbepresentatsuchgathering.

Heorderedthatall(should)takepartinthework.

Theyrequestedthatwe(should)havelunchwiththem.但是:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示,表明”insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí),不用虛擬語氣:

eg.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.2)用于主語從句中:(1)用在Itissuggested/requested/demandedordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted

+that從句中,從句用

(should)+動(dòng)詞原形:

eg:It’ssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itwasorderedthatthewoundedsoldiersbesenttothefieldhospitalatonce.(2)用在Itisnecessary/important/strange/odd/natural/surprising/essential/best/appropriate/shocking/sad/regrettable/apity/ashame/nowonder/hasbeendecided/+

that從句中,從句用

(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

:

eg:Itisnecessarythatthecustomsofallnationalminoritiesberespected.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.It’sapitythatIshoulddoitagain.Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.ItisnotsurprisingthatAlfredshouldhavemarriedAmy.

但(2)部分也可不用虛擬語氣:

eg:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.3)用于表語從句中:(1)在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的表語從句中:eg.Myadviceisthathewaittillnextweek.Hersuggestionisthatweshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.Thegeneral’sorderwasthatallthesoldiersreachtheborderintenhours.(2)當(dāng)asif,asthough引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí):eg.Helooksasifhewereanartist.Theyappearasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.4)用于同位語從句中:

在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的同位語從句中,如:Eg.WeallagreetohissuggestionthatwegototheHappyValleyforanouting.

Ordercamethatthesoldiersbesenttotheborder.Hereisthedoctor’sadvicethatyoushouldtakethemedicine4timesaday.三、

用于定語從句中:

在Itis(high)timethat句型中,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí),或should+動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略):eg.Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.It’stimeyoudidsomethingaboutit.Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.四、用于其它狀語從句中:1)當(dāng)asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough引導(dǎo)

狀語從句時(shí),從句用動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí).如:ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.

Itwasthefirsttimetheyhadmet,buttheyactedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforages.Evenifhewerehere,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Iwouldn’tgotoIraqtotrymyluckeventhoughitwereeasytomakemoneythere.此類情況也可不用虛擬語氣,如:

eg.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.I’llhelpyou,asthoughldon’tsleepforanight.EvenifIhavetowalkalltheway,I’llgetthere.Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoyingsometimes.2)當(dāng)incase,lest,forfearthat等引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí),

從句用(should+)原形動(dòng)詞.如:eg.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.

在此類情況中,incase引導(dǎo)狀語從句也可不用虛擬語氣,如:eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.5.用于ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,如:

eg.IfonlyIwereabird!IfonlyIhadknownhertelephonenumber/e-mailaddress!

IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime!6.May+動(dòng)詞原形，表示祝愿.如:

Maythefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever!Mayyousucceed!Maytheplanwork!Revision:

Thesubjunctivemood虛擬語氣1.與現(xiàn)在情況相反的假設(shè)

Ifeveryoneknewfirstaid,manyliveswouldbesaved.(If)did,woulddo(should/could/might)IfI______(be)you,Iwouldgotothecinematonight.Ifyousawthefilm,you__________(be)veryexcited.Ifthey________(come),wecouldgotheretogether.Ifwe_______(go)together,wewouldhaveagoodtime.IfI_______(have)enoughmoney,Icouldbuyanewhouse.werewouldbecamewenthad

2.與過去情況相反的假設(shè)1)Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,therewouldhavebeenmoredeaths.2)Ifyouhadstudiedhard,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.(If)haddone,wouldhavedone(should/could/might)Ifyou__________(come)earlier,youwouldn’thavebeenlate.IfIhadtakenmoneywithmeyesterday,I__________________(repair)mywatch.IfI___________(repair)mywatch,Iwouldhavegotupearly.IfI_____________(getup)early,Iwouldn’thavebeenlate.hadcomewouldhaverepairedhadrepairedhadgotup3.與將來情況相反的假設(shè)：Ifyoushouldcometomorrow,Iwouldgofishingwithyou.Ifyouweretocometomorrow,…Ifyoucametomorrow,…shoulddo,(If)weretodo,woulddo(should/could/might)didIfitshouldraintomorrow,I___________(stay)athome.IfIweretostayathome,I____________(have)agoodrest.IfI_________________________________agoodrest,Icouldputmyheartintostudynextweek.wouldstaywouldhaveshouldhave/weretohave/had高考實(shí)戰(zhàn):--Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4.–IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed5.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhadAnswerkeyforExercise2onpage51,W2,F3,W4,FIfhehadrighttochoosehisholiday,hewouldgotoMexico.IfIwerenotallergictoshellfish,Iwouldenjoyeatingthem.Ifthemarblestatuewerenottoobigforhergarden,thehousewifewouldbuyit.Ifweknewmoreaboutthedisease,wewouldbeabletotreatthepatientsveryeffectively.DiscoveringusefulstructuresAnswerkeyforExercise3onpage5Davidisnotasculptor.Ifhewere,hewouldmakeasculpturefortheexhibition.Sallyisnotanaggressivewoman.Ifshewere,shewouldbeamoresuccessfulbusinesswoman.IfSamwerehere,hewouldbesoexcitedaboutmeetingafamousscholarintheflesh.IfIcouldpaint,IwouldpaintyouanabstractpaintinginthestyleofMatisse.