天津市和平區(qū)天津一中2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期期末考試（英語試題文）試題含解析

天津市和平區(qū)天津一中2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期期末考試（英語試題文）試題注意事項(xiàng)1．考生要認(rèn)真填寫考場號(hào)和座位序號(hào)。2．試題所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分必須用2B鉛筆作答；第二部分必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。3．考試結(jié)束后，考生須將試卷和答題卡放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Thestadium________standsatheatrewillbereconstructed.A．besidewhich B．forwhichC．when D．which2．________anincreaseinforeignlegalconflicts，Chinaisexpectedtoseethenumbercontinuetorise．A．Towitness B．BeingwitnessedC．Witnessed D．Havingwitnessed3．—Whataboutgoingabroadforfurtherstudy?—Great,butIneverexpected______achanceformebefore.A．theretobeB．therebeingC．ittobeD．itbeing4．—I'dratherhavesomewine,ifyoudon'tmind.—________.Don'tforgetyouwilldrive.A．Anythingbutthat B．ByallmeansC．Takeiteasy D．Iwon'tsaynotothis5．—HowdidyoufindProfessorSmith’sspeechlastnight?—Tobefrank,hisspeechdidn’t________tome.A．a(chǎn)ppeal B．belongC．refer D．occur6．Petersurvivedintheaccidentwhenhefelloverboardyesterday.He_______escapeddrowning.A．nearly B．slightly C．narrowly D．hardly7．Thegoal,whichtheyareunlikelytolivetosee,isto“cure,preventormanagealldiseases”inthenext80orsoyears.A．a(chǎn)ccomplish B．a(chǎn)ccomplishedC．a(chǎn)ccomplishing D．beingaccomplished8．Kimberly______anarticle,sodon’tdisturbher.A．wouldwrite B．writes C．wrote D．iswriting9．—Youknowquitealotaboutthefashionshow.—Well,Cathy________ittomeduringlunch.A．introducesB．introducedC．hadintroducedD．willintroduce10．WhenIsaidsomeonebroketheschoolregulations,I______you.Whydidyougetthatangry?A．don’treferto B．haven’treferredto C．wasn’treferringto D．hadn’treferredto11．—Youwerenotlistening；whattroubledyou?—Imycomingmathexam．A．a(chǎn)mthinkingabout B．wasthinkingabout C．hadthoughtabout D．willthinkabout12．—Idroppedbyat6:00pmyesterdaybutfailedtoseeyouatyourhouse.—I________inagymatthattime.A．wasexercisingB．a(chǎn)mexercisingC．haveexercisedD．hadexercised13．—Thelectureabout3Dtechnologywasveryinteresting.—It’sapity.HowIwishI________timetoattendit.A．had B．have C．hadhad D．havehad14．—Iwillfixyourprinterrightnow.—Oh,________.I’minnohurry.A．takeyourtimeB．that’sagreatideaC．youarewelcomeD．I’dliketo15．----CanIparkmycarhere?----Surenot,wedon’tallowhere.A．toparking B．park C．topark D．parking16．Shesaidher________isenoughtosupportherinlateryearsandthatheronlyhopeisthathersoncanvisitregularly.Afterallshehadnotmuchtimeleft.A．pension B．benefit C．a(chǎn)llowance D．bonus17．Afterlookingatmanynewcars,Ifound________whichIwouldacceptjustassuitable.A．it B．this C．that D．one18．We’dbettertakeumbrellas—I’msureit________whenwearriveinLondon;it’salwayswetthereatthistimeofyear.A．willrain B．israiningC．willberaining D．wouldrain19．Look!Here’saphoto______inmyclassroomatprimaryschool.Canyourecognizemeinit?A．taken B．takingC．totake D．beingtaken20．Mytoothacheme.Ithoughtitwasgoingaway,butitisgettingworsenow.A．killsB．iskillingC．haskilledD．killed第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）Mysonhaspoliomyelitis(小兒麻痹)andhesufferedfromitalot.Whenhewasyoung,mywifeandItookhimtoseesomanydoctorsandgotdifferentkindsoftreatments.Butstill,hecouldn’twalklikeanormalkid.Sohewaslaughedatbyhispeersforhiswalkingstyle.Histearsburntoureyeslikesulphuricacid(硫酸).Then,hebecameafraidofgoingtoschool.Hewouldn’tgoanymore.Onenight,mywifehadabreakdownandshoutedathim,“Itellyou,mykid,youmightbelikethisforever.Youareafreakinotherpeople’seyes,andperhapsitwouldneverchange.Butinmyeyes,inyourdad’seyes,youarenotafreak!Youarenot!Evenifyouare,weloveyouandwewillloveyouforever!”Mysonspokenothingfortwodays.Hedidn’teatorsleep.Wecouldreadhewashurt.Wehopedsomethingwonderfulwouldfallinourfamily.Onthethirdmorning,hestruggledtowalktomycar,withhisschoolbaginhishandofcourse.Heraisedhisheadhighandhuggedme,saying“wanttogotoschool.Nothingwillbeatme.”Youknow,fromthenon,hewasneverafraidofbeingmockedordespisedanymore.Ifhecouldn’tavoidtheselooks,hechosetolookatthemintheeyes.Later,somethingnicereallyhappenedandmysonwenttoMIT.Whenhewasaskedhowhemanagedtobearthepressure,hesaid,“Becauseofmyparents.”Mydearfellows,ifyoucaretoomuchabouthowotherpeoplelookatyouorwhattheiropinionsare,youwillneverbecomewhatyouwanttobe.1、Theauthor’ssonwaslaughedatbyhispeers,because_________.A．hedidn’tdowellinhislessonsB．hewalkedinastrangewayC．hewasfromapoorfamilyD．heoftenburstintotears2、Afterhearingwhatthemothersaid,theson__________.A．quarreledwithhismotherandlefthomeangrilyB．wenttoschoolunwillinglywithoutspeakinganythingC．burstoutcryingcomplainingabouthisbadexperienceD．didn’tsayanythingwithouteatingorsleepingfortwodays3、WhichofthefollowingisNOTrightaccordingtothepassage?A．Theboywasbravetofaceanydifficultyafterbeingencouragedbyhismother.B．Theboyachievedsuccessandwasadmittedtoafamousuniversity.C．Theboyfinallycouldwalklikeanormalchildaftersometreatments.D．Theboyowedhissuccesstohisparentsandwasgratefultothem.4、Fromthepassagewecansaytheboyis_________.A．confidentandoutgoingB．braveandhard-workingC．wiseandeasy-goingD．determinedandbrave22．（8分）TheTajMahal,inAgra,India,isoneofthemostbrilliantstructuresonEarth.Itisnearly400yearsold.EmperorShahJahanhaditbuiltinmemoryofhiswife.Ittookabout2yearstobuildthemonument.Some2,000workersand1,000elephantshelpedgetthejobdone.Today,theTajMahalisnotjustasymbolofculturalhistory.It’salsoIndia’smostfamoustouristattraction.About8millionpeoplevisititeachyear.Butpollutionisturningthewhitemarblemonumentshadesofgreen,yellow,andbrown.TheTajMahalstandsonthepollutedYamunaRiver.Insectsareattractedtothedirtywater.Theyleavegreenishdroppingsonthebuilding.Airpollutionisalsoabigthreat.Factoriesandcarsreleasepollutionintotheair.ItstickstotheTajMahal’ssuidEace.Inthe190s,India’sSupremeCourtorderedhundredsoffactoriesnearthemonumenttoclose.Also,carandbustrafficwasrestricted.Fromtimetotime,workerscleantheTajMahal.Butdoingsoisdifficult,expensive,andtime-consuming;Anditdoesn’tpreventthediscoloration.OnJuly11,India’sSupremeCourtgavethecityofAgraawarning:“EitheryoudestroytheTajMahaloryourestoreit”.AuthoritiesinthecitysubmittedadraftofanactionplanonJuly24.Itsuggestsbanningplasticsandconstructionfromthearea.Italsocallsfortheclosingofmorefactories.“InordertopreservetheTajMahal,peoplemustcometogethertoworktowardasolution.Thereneedstobepositivepressureonpeopletoact.Weneedtoactimmediately,”SachchidaTripathisays.Heworkedona34studyofpollutionattheTajMahal.“Wearetrying,”headds,“butweneedtotrymore.”1、WhydidEmperorShahJahanbuilttheTajMahal?A．Toattracttourists. B．Tohonourhiswife.C．TorepresentIndia. D．Tomarkhisgreatness.2、WhatcanweinferabouttheTajMahalfromthesecondparagraph?A．Itisgettingdirty. B．Itisunderrepair.C．Itattractsinsects. D．Itislosingtourists.3、WhatshouldpeopledotosavetheTajMahalaccordingtoSachchidaTripathi?A．Closefactories. B．Becomeunited.C．Makeanewplan. D．Preventthediscoloration.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ImmediateActionMustBeTaken B．TheTajMahalMustBeRebuiltC．FactoriesandCarsLedtoPollution D．PollutionDestroyedtheTajMaha23．（8分）Inrecentyears,carmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(石化)fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately,thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However,carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar,whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine,comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar,theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol,electricity,orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower,forexample,ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill,itusesallofitsresources(資源),butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking,theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also,hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber,whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars,sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse,hybridcarsaren’tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However,theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner,‘greener’cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.1、Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?A．Theymovedveryfast.B．Theywereunpopular.C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.D．Theirengineswereexpensive.2、Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.3、WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.4、What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Cars’enginesB．CarpollutionC．GreencarsD．Cars’advantages24．（8分）TRAILSAFE!isauniquesafetytrainingprogramdesignedspecificallyforNationalParkService(NPS)TrailVolunteers,butisusefultoeveryone!It’sbaseduponNPSOperationalLeadershipTraining,wherethehumanfactorofsafetyisexplored.TRAILSAFE!captures(捕捉)thecorelearningobjectivesofthe16-hourOperationalLeadershipcoursewhileallowingvolunteerstolearnfromtheirownhomesonline.TheTRAILSAFE!seriesincludeseightvideolessons,eachranginginlengthfrom18to40minuteslong.Watchthemoverthecourseofmultipledays,or“bingewatch”theentireseriesinthreehours—it’suptoyou—butpleasewatchtheminorderfromLesson1throughLesson8.Afterviewingthelessons,sendyourtrainingverification(驗(yàn)證)emailstoregisteryourparticipation.Whenyouhaveviewedandregisteredforalleightindividuallessons,eachparticipantwillreceiveaTRAILSAFE!pinandaSPE/GARcardinthemailforuseinthefield.ThankyouforhelpingtomakeSleepingBearDunesoneofthesafestworkenvironmentsforNPSTrailVolunteerslikeyourself.Readytostart?ClickonthislinktoaccessallTRAILSAFE!videos:/iatr/trail-safe.htmIfyourequireAudioDescriptiveversionsofTRAILSAFE!,thelinktothosevideosisalsoavailableontheIceAgeTrailsite.RecordyourparticipationInordertoreceivecreditsforyourparticipation,pleasefillinyouranswerstothefollowingquestionsandemailto:Matthew_mohrman@.●Whichvideolessondidyoujustcompleteviewing?●NameoftheTrailwhereyouvolunteer.●Yournameandfullmailingaddress,sowemaysendyourcoursecompletionmaterialstoyou.●Namesandaddressesofothersifyouareviewingthislessoninagroupsetting.●Optional:Pleaseletusknowanycommentsorsuggestionsyouhaveaboutthislesson.Uponregisteringyourcompletionfortheentireeightlessonseries,you’llreceiveyourTRAILSAFE!pinandriskassessmentcardviamail.1、WhatistheaimofTRAILSAFE!?A．Todevelopvolunteers’operationalleadership.B．Toofferlinkstothewebsitesforlearning.C．Toprovidecreditsforviewing.D．Topasstheriskassessment.2、Howlongdoesittaketheparticipantstowatchtheeightvideosatatime?A．18minutes. B．40minutes.C．3hours. D．16hours.3、WhatshouldtheparticipantsdotogetaSPE/GARcard?A．Watchandregisterforalltheseries.B．Givesomecommentsonthelessons.C．Sendandreceivetrainingmails.D．Answerallofthequestions.4、WhatcanbeinferredaboutthejobofNPSTrailVolunteers?A．Itispopularwitheveryone. B．Itcanbedangerous.C．Itshallbecompletedonline. D．ItneedsNPSworkingexperience.25．（10分）Whenadriverslamsonthebrakestoavoidhittingapedestriancrossingtheroadillegally,sheismakingamoraldecisionthatshiftsriskfromthepedestriantothepeopleinthecar.Self-drivingcarsmightsoonhavetomakesuchethical(道德的)judgmentsontheirown—butsettlingonauniversalmoralcodeforthevehiclescouldbeatoughtask,suggestsasurvey.Thelargesteversurveyofmachineethics,calledtheMoralMachine,laidout13possiblesituationsinwhichsomeone’sdeathwasunavoidable.Respondentswereaskedtochoosewhotospareinsituationsthatinvolvedamixofvariables:youngorold,richorpoor,morepeopleorfewer.Within18months,theonlinequizhadrecorded40milliondecisionsmadebypeoplefrom233countriesandterritories.Whentheresearchersanalysedtheseanswers,theyfoundthatthenationscouldbedividedintothreegroups.OnecontainsNorthAmericaandseveralEuropeannationswhereChristianityhasbeenthedominant(占支配地位的)religion;anotherincludescountriessuchasJapan,IndonesiaandPakistan,withstrongConfucianorIslamictraditions.AthirdgroupconsistsofcountriesinCentralandSouthAmerica,suchasColombiaandBrazil.Thefirstgroupshowedastrongerpreferenceforsacrificingolderlivestosaveyoungeronesthandidthesecondgroup,forexample.Theresearchersalsoidentifiedrelationshipsbetweensocialandeconomicfactorsinacountry.Theyfoundthatpeoplefromrelativelywealthycountrieswithstronginstitutions,suchasFinlandandJapan,moreoftenchosetohitpeoplewhosteppedintotrafficillegallythandidrespondentsinnationswithweakerinstitutions,suchasNigeriaorPakistan.Peoplerarelyfacesuchmoraldilemmas,andsomecitiesquestionwhetherthepossiblesituationsposedintheonlinequizarerelevanttotheethicalandpracticalquestionssurroundingdriverlesscars.Buttheresearchersarguethatthefindingsrevealculturaldifferencesthatgovernmentsandmakersofself-drivingcarsmusttakeintoaccountiftheywantthevehiclestogainpublicacceptance.AtleastBarbaraWege,whoheadsagroupworkingonautonomous-vehicleethicsatAudiinIngolstadt,Germany,sayssuchstudiesarevaluable.Wegearguesthatself-drivingcarswouldcausefeweraccidents,proportionally,thanhumandriversdoeachyear—butthatpeoplemightfocusmoreoneventsinvolvingrobots.SurveyssuchastheMoralMachinecanhelptobeginpublicdiscussionsabouttheseunavoidableaccidentsthatmightdeveloptrust.“Weneedtocomeupwithasocialconsensus,”shesays,“aboutwhichriskswearewillingtotake.”1、Whyisitdifficulttosetuniversalmoralrulesforprogrammingself-drivingcars?A．Socialvaluesalwayschangewiththetimes.B．Moralchoicesvarybetweendifferentcultures.C．Drivershaveapreferenceforsacrificingtheweak.D．Carmakersarefacedwithdecisionsoflifeordeath.2、Theresearchersconductedthestudyby_____.A．usingamassiveonlinequizworldwideB．comparingdifferentculturesandcustomsC．dividingtherespondentsintothreegroupsD．performingaseriesofcontrolledexperiments3、Accordingtothestudy,inwhichcountryaredriversmorelikelytohitapedestriancrossingtheroadillegally?A．Nigeria B．ColombiaC．Finland D．Indonesia4、BarbaraWegewouldprobablyagreethat_____.A．Self-drivingcarswillgreatlyimprovethetrafficenvironmentB．Accidentscausedbyself-drivingcarsmightreceivemoreattentionC．Problemsinvolvingself-drivingcarsmightshakethepublictrustinsocietyD．Carmakersneedn’ttaketheriskofsolvingself-drivingcarethicaldilemmas第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）Onesummer,AuntBettaandUncleBillinvitedmetotravelwiththembackhometoPennsylvania.Ihadneverbeen1LosAngelesandwaseagertomeetourrelatives.Ourfirstnight,wedrovethroughthedesert,andthenthroughroadscutthroughhills.ThenextdaywewentthroughtheRockyMountains.Itwas2drivinguplonginclines(斜坡)withabruptU-shapeturnsonthesteephillsides,thendriving3slowlywithgreatcaution.BeyondColorado,wedrovethroughmilesof4,whereIsawactualfoodbeinggrown.I5someofthecrops.Inonesmalltownwepassedthrough,AuntBettadecidedIneedednew6andtookmetoacountry7.Iwasusedto8dressesandskirts.NowIhadmyfirstpairofjeans,aflannelshirt,shortsandaT-shirt.Ilovedthemall.9wereachedourdestination.UncleBill’saunthadaperfectlittletwo-storyhouse.ThefirstthingI10wasabedinacutelittleroom—forme!Ilookedforwardtothat.Itwouldbelikesleepinginadollhouse.Inthebackyard,Isawredthings11thebackfence.UncleBill’sunclesaid,“Ithinkyouneveratea12tomatoinL.A．.”Ihadn’t.He13pickedoneforme.Imetallmynewaunts,unclesandcousins.Mycousinstaughtmehowtodocartwheels(側(cè)手翻)inthebigfrontyard.Countrypeoplehavemore14,Ithought.Alltheadultscriedwhenwe15,butItookhomeallthe16ofeverythingI’dseen.BackinL.A．,mylungshurtwhenItookadeepbreath.I17thefreshair.Idreamedofhomegrowntomatoes.Mycountryclothesseemedoutof18,butIworethemanyway.Iwastwoweekslatestarting19,butItoldmyteachersonlythatI’dbeeninPennsylvaniaanddecidedto20alltheresttomyself.IfonlytheycouldhaveexperiencedeverythingthatIdid!1、A．outsideB．a(chǎn)crossC．inD．to2、A．boringB．embarrassingC．frighteningD．confusing3、A．a(chǎn)wayB．pastC．outD．down4、A．buildingsB．fieldsC．hillsD．rock5、A．recognizedB．foundC．plantedD．harvested6、A．clothesB．cropsC．toysD．tools7、A．hotelB．pubC．pathD．store8、A．preparingB．sewingC．buyinD．wearing9、A．AtlastB．AboveallC．ForthemomentD．Onthecontrary10、A．tookB．searchedC．noticedD．owned11、A．flyingoverB．growingupC．circlingaboveD．packinginto12、A．redB．ripeC．homegrownD．man-made13、A．a(chǎn)ccidentallyB．graduallyC．instantlyD．temporarily14、A．ideasB．materialsC．interestD．space15、A．droveB．talkedC．partedD．met16、A．copiesB．memoriesC．picturesD．pleasures17、A．breathedB．missedC．forgotD．preferred18、A．shapeB．sightC．workD．place19、A．vacationB．journeyC．schoolD．work20、A．keepB．oweC．describeD．give第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Themovie,directedbyStephenChbosky1．(praise)byaudiencesforhittingthesoftspotasasaheartwarmingstorythatmanagestoavoid2．(turn)toosentimental3．(base)onthebest-sellingnovelofthesamename,Wondertellsthestoryofa10-year-oldboynamedAuggie4．wasbornwith5．(face)problem,andhebeginsfifthgradeafter6．(year)ofbeinghome-schooledby7．(he)motherNot8．(expect),Auggie’sunusualappearanceislaughedatbymanypeersButwiththestrongsupportofhisparentsandsister,Auggieeventuallyinspiresthepeople9．himwithcourage,kindnessandwisdomtoearntheir10．(friend),respectandlove第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的一下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：吧多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞。2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分NextSunday,thetwenty-fiveofOctober,wearehaveanope