2024-2025學(xué)年湖南省名校聯(lián)合體高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省名校聯(lián)合體2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Whereisthemanfrom?A.Russia.B.France.C.Australia.2.WhatdoweknowaboutMike?A.Hewillnotgotothemeeting.B.Heispreparingforthemeeting.C.Hewillbeinvitedtothemeeting.3.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.InSouthStreet.B.InWestStreet.C.Attherailwaystation.4.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Unhappy B.Unlucky. C.Uncomfortable.5.WhoisSue?A.Theman’swife.B.Theman’ssister.C.Theman’sdaughter.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatnewshasthemangot?A.Hisbusinessisgood.B.Hisarticleispublished.C.Heisreportedinthepaper.7.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Makehimfamous.B.Getthepaperforhim.C.Helphimwithhisbusiness聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Interviewingtheman.B.Havingadiscussionwiththeman.C.CelebratingChristmaswiththeman.9.WhatdoesthemandoatChristmas?A.Giveagifttosomeonesecretly.B.Gotosomeone’shousetogetagift.C.Knockatsomeone’sdoorandthenhide.10.WherecantheChristmasgiftbefound?A.Inthecar.B.Atthedoor.C.Insidethehouse.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttheboytodofirst?A.Playoutside.B.Finishhishomework.C.Dosomecleaning.12.Whichisoneofthethingstheboywilldo?APullingweeds.B.Wipingthewalls.C.Cleaningthebathroom.13.Wherewillthewomanbewhiletheboydoeshiswork?A.Intheyard.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthelivingroom.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?A.GoingtoapartyB.Preparingforaparty.C.Talkingaboutgivingaparty.15.Whydoesthemanhavetogiveaparty?A.Hehastothankhisteachers.B.Hehasboughtanewhouse.C.Hehastopleasethewoman.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthetimefortheparty?A.It’stoolate.B.It’stoosoon.C.It’sstillearly.17.Whatdoesthewomanreallymeanattheendoftheconversation?A.Sheregretshavingboughtasmallhouse.B.Shehastofindabiggerhousefortheparty.C.Themanshouldn’thaveinvitedsomanypeople.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.HowlongisitsinceWalnutHillSchoolwassetup?A.Morethan10years.B.Morethan50years.C.Morethan100years.19.WhomisWalnutHillSchoolopento?A.Studentsfromallovertheworld.B.CollegestudentsintheUnitedStates.C.Famousartisfromallovertheworld.20.WhatdoesthespeakermeanbyspeakingofMarkTwain?A.ArtistsatWalnutHillworkveryhardB.MarkTwainisagoodexampleforartists.C.YoucanmakegreatprogressatWalnutHill.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AASelectionofMuscgmsandAttractionsinWashingtonDCTheTidalBasinThebasin,partoftheWestPotomacPark,issurroundedbyapaththat’sperfectforwalking,runningorcycling.ThememorialstoThomasJeffersonandMartinLutherKingJunioraretwohighlightssurroundingthelake.ItisthelocationmostassociatedwithWashington’sCherryBlossom(櫻花)Festivalthattakesplaceeachspring.NationalMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCultureThemuseumopenedinlate2016aftermorethanadecadeofplanning.ItisdedicatedtoAfricanAmericanhistoryandcultureandisorganizedlikeaverticaltimeline,startingwiththeAtlanticslavetradeonthe1400sandmovinguptothe21stcentury.HigherupareexhibitionsonAfricanAmericanmusic,theatreandart.It’sapowerfulexperienceandalsoverypopular:you’llhavetoapplyforatimedtickettoenter.TheNewseumFurtheralongPennsylvaniaAvenueistheNewseum,lovedforthe800newspaperfrontpagesfromaroundtheworldthatarehungoutsideeverymorning.Inside,therearemovingexhibitsshowinghowimportanthistoricaleventshavebeenreported,suchastheSeptember11attacks.Alongsidenewspaperpagesfromthedayaftertheattacks,there’savideoexhibithighlightingtheworkofjournalistsreportingontheTwinTowersfalling.Amustifyou’reinterestedinjournalism.NationalGalleryofArtTheartgalleryisanimpressivespace:twobuildings,linked’underground,andasculpturegardennextdoor.Insidethelight-filedEastBuildingthere’smodernart,includingaroomfulofJacksonPollock’smurals(壁),AndyWarhol’sGreenMarilynandRoyLichtenstein’sLookMickey.TheclassicalWestBuildingtendstohouseolderartwork:theEuropeanimpressonistsandItalianRenaissanceart(fromartistsincludingDaVinciandRaphael)aretwohighlights.1.Whichofthefollowingrequiresreservingaticketinadvance?A.TheNewseum.B.TheTidalBasin.C.NationalGalleryofArt.D.NationalMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCulture2.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheNewseum?A.Learnaboutthestoriesaboutnews.B.Learnhowtoreportimportantevents.C.Talkwithjournalistsaboutthe9/11attacks.D.Read800recentlypublishednewspapers.3.WhyisGreenMarilynexhibitedintheEastBuilding?A.It’sapaintingofmodernart.B.Itisapaintingoftraditionalart.C.Itisapaintingbyafamousartist.D.Itisapricelesspaintingofthegallery.〖答案〗1.D2.A3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了華盛頓DC的一些博物館和景點(diǎn)，包括潮汐盆地、非洲美洲歷史文化博物館、新聞博物館和國家藝術(shù)畫廊等?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’sapowerfulexperienceandalsoverypopular:you’llhavetoapplyforatimedtickettoenter.”（這是一次強(qiáng)烈的體驗(yàn)，也非常受歡迎：你必須申請(qǐng)一個(gè)定時(shí)的票才能進(jìn)入。）可知，需要提前預(yù)訂票的是非洲美洲歷史文化博物館。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inside,therearemovingexhibitsshowinghowimportanthistoricaleventshavebeenreported,suchastheSeptember11attacks.”（里面有一些動(dòng)人的展覽，展示了重要的歷史事件是如何被報(bào)道的，比如9月11日的襲擊。）可知，新聞博物館的參觀者可以了解新聞的故事。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Insidethelight-filedEastBuildingthere’smodernart,includingaroomfulofJacksonPollock’smurals(壁),AndyWarhol’sGreenMarilynandRoyLichtenstein’sLookMickey.”（在光線充足的東樓里，有現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，包括杰克遜·波洛克的一屋子壁畫，安迪·沃霍爾的綠色瑪麗蓮和羅伊·利希滕斯坦的看米奇。）可知，綠色瑪麗蓮是現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的一部分，所以在東樓展出。故選A。BBike-sharesystemsholdthepotentialtoreducetrafficandpollutioninbigcities.Whiletheyhavereceivedconsiderableattention,theirpromiseofurbantransformationisfarfrombeing-fullyrealized.NewresearchinthejournalManagementSciencefoundakeyreasonisthatwhilecompanieshavefocusedonbikedesignandtechnologyaspects,therehasbeenminimalresearchdoneonoperationalaspectssuchasstationdensity(密度)andbike-availabilitylevels.“Almost80%ofbike-shareusagecomesfromareaswithin1,000feetofthebike-sharestations,orroughlyfourcityblocks,”saidElenaBelavina,oneofthestudyauthors.“Anythingpast1,000feet,potentialusersarealmost60%lesslikelytouseastation.”Thestudy,“Bike-ShareSystems:AccessibilityandAvailability”,analyzestherelationshipbetweenridershipandoperationalperformanceinbike-sharedesignsystemstoachievehigherridership.UsingdatafromtheVelib’systeminParis,withroughly17,000bikesand950stations,thestudyestimatestheimpactsoftwoaspectsofthesystemperformanceonbike-shareridership:accessibility,orhowfartheusermustwalktoreachstations,andbikeavailability.Therearetwoimpactsofavailability:First,ashort-termimpactisthatifnearbystationsdonothavebicycleswhenauserwantstotakeatrip,usersmustgotostationsfartherawayorabandonusingbike-share.Second,ifuserstypicallyexpectalowerchanceoffindingabicycle,theyarelesslikelytoevenconsiderbikesharefortheirtripsandthesystemwillhavelowerridershipinthelongterm.“Mostuserschoosetoabandonusingbike-share.”saidBelavina.“Butoverall,wefindthata10%increaseinbikeavailabilitywouldincreaseridershipbymorethan12%.”Betweenincreasingbike-availabilityanddecreasingwalkingdistance,thestudyfindsthatthelatterhasahigherimpact.Bike-shareoperatorswithlimitedresourcesmustprioritizebuildingmorestationsclosetoriders.Whereshouldthosestationsgo?Theauthorsrecommendlocationswheretherearemanypointsofinterestandlocationswithlowerbikeavailability.4.Whatcanbedonetomakebike-sharesystemsplayabiggerroleinurbantransformations?A.Reducingtrafficandpollution.B.Makingstationsmoreadvanced.C.Puttingmorethoughtintooperations.D.Makingimprovementsinbikedesign.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“availability”inparagraph6referto?A.Thenumberofnearbystations.B.Thenecessityofgoingforbikesharing.C.Thelikelihoodoffindingabikeatastation.D.Thewalkingdistancebetweenthestations6.Accordingtothestudywhatisthemostimportantthingtodotoachievehigherridership?A.Shorteningthebiketrips. B.Reducingthewalkingdistance.C.Increasingthenumberofbikes. D.Attractingriderstopointsofinterest.7.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Howtousethebike-sharesystems. B.Howtomakefulluseofbike-share.C.Howtoraisetheawarenessofbike-share. D.Howtoestimatetheimpactsofbike-share.〖答案〗4.C5.C6.B7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了共享單車系統(tǒng)在城市轉(zhuǎn)型中的作用及其存在的問題，并提出了改進(jìn)措施?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“NewresearchinthejournalManagementSciencefoundakeyreasonisthatwhilecompanieshavefocusedonbikedesignandtechnologyaspects,therehasbeenminimalresearchdoneonoperationalaspectssuchasstationdensity(密度)andbike-availabilitylevels.(《管理科學(xué)》雜志的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是，盡管公司一直關(guān)注自行車設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)的方面，但對(duì)運(yùn)營方面的研究卻微乎其微，比如車站密度和自行車的可用性水平。)”可知，要讓共享單車系統(tǒng)在城市轉(zhuǎn)型中發(fā)揮更大的作用，需要在運(yùn)營方面投入更多的思考。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Therearetwoimpactsof...:First,ashort-termimpactisthatifnearbystationsdonothavebicycleswhenauserwantstotakeatrip,usersmustgotostationsfartherawayorabandonusingbike-share.Second,ifuserstypicallyexpectalowerchanceoffindingabicycle,theyarelesslikelytoevenconsiderbikesharefortheirtripsandthesystemwillhavelowerridershipinthelongterm.(……有兩個(gè)影響：首先，短期影響是，如果用戶想要出行時(shí)附近的站點(diǎn)沒有自行車，用戶必須去更遠(yuǎn)的站點(diǎn)或者放棄使用共享單車。其次，如果用戶通常預(yù)期找到自行車的幾率較低，他們甚至不太可能考慮使用共享單車出行，長期來看，系統(tǒng)的使用率將會(huì)降低。)”可知，“availability”指的是在車站找到自行車的可能性。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第八段“Betweenincreasingbike-availabilityanddecreasingwalkingdistance,thestudyfindsthatthelatterhasahigherimpact.Bike-shareoperatorswithlimitedresourcesmustprioritizebuildingmorestationsclosetoriders.(在增加自行車的可用性和減少步行距離之間，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)后者有更大的影響。資源有限的共享單車運(yùn)營商必須優(yōu)先在靠近騎行者的地方建設(shè)更多的站點(diǎn)。)”可知，要實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的使用率，最重要的是減少步行距離。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Bike-sharesystemsholdthepotentialtoreducetrafficandpollutioninbigcities.Whiletheyhavereceivedconsiderableattention,theirpromiseofurbantransformationisfarfrombeing-fullyrealized.(共享單車系統(tǒng)有潛力減少大城市的交通和污染。雖然它們受到了相當(dāng)大的關(guān)注，但它們對(duì)城市轉(zhuǎn)型的承諾遠(yuǎn)未完全實(shí)現(xiàn)。)”、第六段“Therearetwoimpactsofavailability:First,ashort-termimpactisthatifnearbystationsdonothavebicycleswhenauserwantstotakeatrip,usersmustgotostationsfartherawayorabandonusingbike-share.Second,ifuserstypicallyexpectalowerchanceoffindingabicycle,theyarelesslikelytoevenconsiderbikesharefortheirtripsandthesystemwillhavelowerridershipinthelongterm.(可用性有兩個(gè)影響：首先，短期影響是，如果用戶想要出行時(shí)附近的站點(diǎn)沒有自行車，用戶必須去更遠(yuǎn)的站點(diǎn)或者放棄使用共享單車。其次，如果用戶通常預(yù)期找到自行車的幾率較低，他們甚至不太可能考慮使用共享單車出行，長期來看，系統(tǒng)的使用率將會(huì)降低。)”以及最后一段“Whereshouldthosestationsgo?Theauthorsrecommendlocationswheretherearemanypointsofinterestandlocationswithlowerbikeavailability.(這些站點(diǎn)應(yīng)該設(shè)在哪里？作者們建議設(shè)在有許多景點(diǎn)和自行車供應(yīng)較少的地方)”可知，這篇文章主要關(guān)注的是如何充分利用共享單車。故選B項(xiàng)。CInsomepartsoftheworldpeoplearelikelytoplanforthefuture,whileinotherspeoplearemorelikelytoliveinthemoment.Insomesocietiespeopleprefermorepersonalspace;inotherstheyarecomfortablebeinginclosequartersinpublic.Thereareanumberoftheoriesaboutwhereculturaldifferencesbetweensocietiescomefrom.Inagrowingnumberofcases,researchershavefoundthathumancultureanbeshapedbykeyfeaturesoftheenvironmentsinwhichpeoplelive.Ecologyincludesbasicphysicalandsocialcharacteristicsoftheenvironment—suchfactorsashowrichaplaceisinresources,howcommoninfectious(傳染性的)diseasesare,howheavilypopulatedaplaceis,andhowmuchthreatthereistohumansafety.Variablesliketemperatureandtheavailabilityofwatercanbekeyecologicalfeatures.Forover200societies,ourlabatArizonaStateUniversitygatheredcomprehensivedataonninekeyfeaturesofecology—suchasrainfall,temperature,infectiousdiseaseandnaturalresources—anddozensofaspectsofhumanculturalvariation—includingvalues,strengthofsocialnorms(社會(huì)規(guī)范),personality,motivationandinstitutionalcharacteristics.Withthisinformation,wecreatedtheEcoCulturalDataset.Usingthisdataset,wewereabletogeneratearangeofestimatesforjusthowmuchofhumanculturalvariationcanexplainedbyecology.Weranaseriesofstatisticalmodelslookingattherelationshipbetweenourecologicalvariablesandeachofthe66culturaloutcomeswetracked.Foreachoftheculturaloutcomes,wecalculatedtheaverageamountoftheculturaldiversityacrosssocietiesthatwasexplainedbythiscombinationofninedifferentecologicalfactors.Wefoundthatnearly20%ofculturalvariationwasexplainedbythecombinationoftheseecologicalfeatures.Importantly,ourstatisticalestimatestakeintoaccountcommonissuesincross-culturalresearch.Therewilllikelybeunmeasuredsimilaritiesbetweensocietieswithsharedhistoricalrootsandtraditions.Ecologyisn’ttheonlyreasonpeoplearoundtheworldthinkandbehavedifferently.Butourworksuggeststhat,atleastinpart,ourenvironmentsshapeourcultures.8.Whichbestexplainswhypeoplearecomfortablebeinginclosequartersinpublic?A.Theyarefriendlytoeachother. B.Theylikestayinginpublicplaces.C.Theyenjoyspendingtimewithothers. D.Theyliveinaplacewithcoldtemperatures.9.WhatdoweknowabouttheEcoCulturalDataset?A.It’sacombinationofhumansandnature. B.It’sacombinationofecologyandcultureC.It’sacomparisonbetweentheoryandpractice. D.It’sacomparisonbetweenecologyandculture.10.Whatdidtheauthorslabwanttofindout?A.Whereculturaldifferencescomefrom. B.Whetherecologicalfeaturesaffectculture.C.Howstrongtheecology-cultureconnectionis. D.Whyculturaldifferencesbetweensocietiesexist.11.Whatistheconclusionoftheauthor’sstudy?A.Sharedtraditionsleadtoculturalsimilarities.B.Thereareculturaldifferencesbetweensocieties.C.Culturesareshapedbytheenvironmentspeoplelivein.D.Culturaldifferencespartlycomefromecologicalfactors.〖答案〗8.D9.B10.C11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了生態(tài)文化數(shù)據(jù)集表明了環(huán)境塑造了我們的文化?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Variablesliketemperatureandtheavailabilityofwatercanbekeyecologicalfeatures.(溫度和水的可用性等變量可能是關(guān)鍵的生態(tài)特征)”以及最后一段“Butourworksuggeststhat,atleastinpart,ourenvironmentsshapeourcultures.(但我們的研究表明，至少在某種程度上，我們的環(huán)境塑造了我們的文化)”可知，生活在一個(gè)溫度很低的地方最能解釋為什么人們?cè)诠矆龊蠒?huì)覺得近距離接觸很舒服。故選D。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Forover200societies,ourlabatArizonaStateUniversitygatheredcomprehensivedataonninekeyfeaturesofecology—suchasrainfall,temperature,infectiousdiseaseandnaturalresources—anddozensofaspectsofhumanculturalvariation—includingvalues,strengthofsocialnorms(社會(huì)規(guī)范),personality,motivationandinstitutionalcharacteristics.Withthisinformation,wecreatedtheEcoCulturalDataset.(我們?cè)趤喞Ｄ侵萘⒋髮W(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室收集了200多個(gè)社會(huì)的綜合數(shù)據(jù)，涉及生態(tài)的九個(gè)關(guān)鍵特征——如降雨、溫度、傳染病和自然資源——以及人類文化差異的幾十個(gè)方面——包括價(jià)值觀、社會(huì)規(guī)范的強(qiáng)度、個(gè)性、動(dòng)機(jī)和制度特征。有了這些信息，我們創(chuàng)建了生態(tài)文化數(shù)據(jù)集)”可知，生態(tài)文化數(shù)據(jù)集是生態(tài)和文化的結(jié)合。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Usingthisdataset,wewereabletogeneratearangeofestimatesforjusthowmuchofhumanculturalvariationcanexplainedbyecology.(利用這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集，我們能夠?qū)θ祟愇幕町愑卸嗌倏梢杂蒙鷳B(tài)學(xué)來解釋產(chǎn)生一系列的估計(jì))”可知，作者的實(shí)驗(yàn)室想知道生態(tài)與文化的聯(lián)系有多強(qiáng)。故選C?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ecologyisn’ttheonlyreasonpeoplearoundtheworldthinkandbehavedifferently.Butourworksuggeststhat,atleastinpart,ourenvironmentsshapeourcultures.(生態(tài)并不是世界各地人們思維和行為不同的唯一原因。但我們的研究表明，至少在某種程度上，我們的環(huán)境塑造了我們的文化)”可知，作者的研究結(jié)論是文化差異部分來自生態(tài)因素。故選D。DHowoftenisyourmindquiet?Ifyou’reatypicalhumanbeing,theanswerisprobablyveryrarely.Formostofourdays,ourattentionisfocusedonexternalthings—thetasksofourjobs,TVprograms,orsocialmediainteractions.Inthemomentswhenourattentionisn’tfocusedexternally,it’susuallyfocusedonwhatiscalled“thought-chatter”—astreamofmentalassociationsconsistingofexpectationsofthefuture,memories,daydreams,andsoon.Butfromtimetotime,weallexperiencemomentswhenourthought-chatterquietsdown,orevendisappearsaltogether.Inthesemoments,weexperienceasenseofgreatwell-being.Wefeelasenseofinnerharmony.Wefeelasifwe’refreeofproblems,andfeelsatisfiedwithourlivesastheyare.Therearemanyactivitiesthathavetheeffectofquietingourminds,andsoproduceastateofwell-being.Forexample,thinkaboutwhathappenswhenyou-gowalkinginthecountryside.Youmightfeelstressedwhenyoustartout,butslowly,after-acoupleofmiles,yourmindbeginstosettledown.Thebeautyandstillnessofnatureattractsyourattentionandyou’renolongerinyourthought-chatter.Bytheendofthewalkyoufeelalmostlikeadifferentperson.Youfeelmorealive,andmuchhappier—largelybecauseyourmindisnowquiet.Thisiswhypeoplelovetolookatbeautifulworksofart.WhenpeopleseethepaintingsofMonetorvanGogh,theyexperienceamind-stoppingmoment,inwhichthey’retakenoutoftheirthinkingmindsandexperienceasenseofgreatwell-being.Thestrangethingis,though,thatmostofthetimethishappensunconsciously(不知不覺地).Weusuallydon’tassociatethiswell-beingwithaquietmind.Andweusuallydon’tthinkofaquietmindastheaimorresultoftheseactivities.Ourestimateofhowenjoyableanactivityismaydependonitsmind-stoppingcapacity.Inotherwords,theverybestperformances—andthemostrewardingactivities—arethosewhicharesoattractiveandintensethattheycancompletelystopourminds.I’mnotsayingthatinnerquietnessistheonlyreasonwhyweenjoytheseactivities.Nevertheless,weshouldcertainlybecomemoreawareoftheassociationofaquietmindwithwell-being.Andatthesametimeweshouldbeawarethatit’spossibleforustoconsciouslyanddirectlycreateaquietmind;ratherthanasabyproductofcertainactivities.Andintheendwemightdevelopapermanentquietmindandattainastateofongoingcontentmentandharmony.12.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthought-chatter?A.Itrequiresalotofpractice.B.Itmightbeunpleasantattimes.C.Itmightbeatalkwithafriend.D.Ithelpsreachastateofsilence.13.Whataretheexamplesofactivitiesmentionedinthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatactivitiesleadtowell-being.B.Whatcanbedonetoreducestress.C.Howwecanmakeourmindsquiet.D.Howmentalquietnessleadstowell-being.14.Howcanwedeterminehowmuchpleasureanactivitycangiveus?A.Byjudginghowmuchstressitcanincrease.B.Byjudgingwhetherittakesplaceunconsciously.C.ByjudgingtowhatextentitcanquietourmindsD.Byjudgingwhetheritassociateswithwell-being.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtohighlightinthelastparagraph?A.Creatingaquietmindforalltime.B.Livingapeacefullifepermanently.C.Beinginharmonywithinnerquietness.D.Participatinginactivitiesforinnerquietness.〖答案〗12.B13.D14.C15.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了內(nèi)心寧靜與心理健康的關(guān)系，指出通過欣賞藝術(shù)和在自然中行走等活動(dòng)，可以使思維靜止，帶來幸福感和內(nèi)心和諧，并提出有意識(shí)地創(chuàng)造寧靜心境可以帶來持久的滿足感?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Butfromtimetotime,weallexperiencemomentswhenourthought-chatterquietsdown,orevendisappearsaltogether.Inthesemoments,weexperienceasenseofgreatwell-being.Wefeelasenseofinnerharmony.Wefeelasifwe’refreeofproblems,andfeelsatisfiedwithourlivesastheyare.(但時(shí)不時(shí)地，我們都會(huì)經(jīng)歷這樣的時(shí)刻：我們的“思想閑聊”安靜下來，甚至完全消失。在這些時(shí)刻，我們體驗(yàn)到一種巨大的幸福感。我們感受到內(nèi)心的和諧。我們覺得好像沒有問題了，對(duì)我們的生活感到滿意。)”可知，“思想閑聊”停下來時(shí)人們會(huì)感到快樂，因此它的發(fā)生有時(shí)可能會(huì)令人不愉快。故選B。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Forexample,thinkaboutwhathappenswhenyou-gowalkinginthecountryside.Youmightfeelstressedwhenyoustartout,butslowly,after-acoupleofmiles,yourmindbeginstosettledown.Thebeautyandstillnessofnatureattractsyourattentionandyou’renolongerinyourthought-chatter.Bytheendofthewalkyoufeelalmostlikeadifferentperson.Youfeelmorealive,andmuchhappier—largelybecauseyourmindisnowquiet.(例如，想想當(dāng)你在農(nóng)村散步時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。剛開始的時(shí)候你可能會(huì)感到壓力，但慢慢地，幾英里后，你的頭腦開始安定下來。大自然的美麗和寧靜吸引了你的注意力，你不再“思想閑聊”。散步結(jié)束時(shí)，你幾乎感覺自己變成了另一個(gè)人。你感覺更有活力，也更快樂——主要是因?yàn)槟愕念^腦現(xiàn)在很安靜。)

”可知，文中提到了在鄉(xiāng)村散步和觀看藝術(shù)作品等活動(dòng)可以讓心靈平靜下來，并帶來幸福感。因此，提到這些例子主要是為了說明心靈的平靜是怎樣帶來幸福感的。故選D?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Ourestimateofhowenjoyableanactivityismaydependonitsmind-stoppingcapacity.Inotherwords,theverybestperformances—andthemostrewardingactivities—arethosewhicharesoattractiveandintensethattheycancompletelystopourminds.(我們對(duì)一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有多愉快的估計(jì)可能取決于它讓人停止思考的能力。換句話說，最好的表現(xiàn)和最有回報(bào)的活動(dòng)是那些非常有吸引力和激烈的，它們可以完全停止我們的思想。)”可知，那些可以完全讓我們停止思考的活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是非常愉快和有益的，因此，我們對(duì)一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的享受取決于它在多大程度上能讓我們的頭腦平靜下來。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“I’mnotsayingthatinnerquietnessistheonlyreasonwhyweenjoytheseactivities.Nevertheless,weshouldcertainlybecomemoreawareoftheassociationofaquietmindwithwell-being.Andatthesametimeweshouldbeawarethatit’spossibleforustoconsciouslyanddirectlycreateaquietmind;ratherthanasabyproductofcertainactivities.Andintheendwemightdevelopapermanentquietmindandattainastateofongoingcontentmentandharmony.(我并不是說內(nèi)心的平靜是我們喜歡這些活動(dòng)的唯一原因。然而，我們當(dāng)然應(yīng)該更加意識(shí)到安靜的頭腦與幸福的聯(lián)系。同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到，我們有可能有意識(shí)地直接創(chuàng)造一個(gè)平靜的頭腦；而不是作為某些活動(dòng)的副產(chǎn)品。最終，我們可能會(huì)發(fā)展出一種永久的平靜心態(tài)，達(dá)到一種持續(xù)的滿足與和諧的狀態(tài)。)”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)要更多地意識(shí)到安靜的心靈和幸福之間的聯(lián)系，要有意識(shí)地直接創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安靜的頭腦，潛在地帶來持續(xù)的滿足和和諧，而不僅僅是參與活動(dòng)。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Tenyearsago,notmanyfamiliesintheUnitedStateswouldconsiderhomeschoolingaseriousoptionfortheirchildren.Therewerenegativefeelingsabouthomeschooling,especiallyamongschooleducators,whoconsidereditcrazyorirresponsible.Butthingshavechangednow.____16____Ashomeschoolingbecomesmorewidelypracticed,schoolcommunitiesarebecomingfarmoreacceptingandrecognizethatitcanmeetrealneeds.____17____Homeschoolingprovidescommunitylifethatisvaluabletochildren.Participatingincommunitylife,homeschooledchildrenrelatesociallywithawidevarietyofpeople.____18____Withoutsocialpressurefromage-separatedclassrooms,kidfeelmorecomfortableformingfriendships.____19____Weoftenhearparentsandkidstalkabouthowrelievedtheyfeelfrombeingfreedoftraditionalschoolingandnightlyhomework.Withindependentlearning,theyhavemoretimetotalkandlisten;moretimetospendinlibraries,museums,andconcerthalls;ortohike,ridebikes,read,orthink.Thesechangesarewhathappenswhenfamilylifeisdrivenbytheneedsoffamilies,ratherthantheneedsofinstitutions.Homeschoolingalsocreatesbetterlearningenvironmentsforchildrenwhohavebeenwronglyconsideredashavingallsortsofimaginary“l(fā)earningproblems”inpublicandprivateschools.Theeducatorswantthechildrentobefixedsothattheywillfit;theparentscorrectlysensethattheirchildrenarefineandonlyneedsomethingdifferent:morespace,freedomtomove,asafeenvironment,orrespectfultreatmentfromothers.____20____A.Homeschoolinghelpschildrenlobroadentheirknowledge.B.Inhomeschoolingfamilies,lifeislikelytobelessstressful.C.Somepeoplechoosehomeschoolingforsocializationbenefits.D.Homeschoolingsuccessstoriesareoftenreportedinthemedia.E.Peoplecanseehoweasyitistogetalongwithhomeschooledkids.F.Forthesefamilies,homeschoolinghelpsachildbuildalifethatwoks.G.Thecombinationoftwokindsofschoolinghasagreateffectonachild.〖答案〗16.D17.C18.E19.B20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了在家上學(xué)的益處。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Therewerenegativefeelingsabouthomeschooling,especiallyamongschooleducators,whoconsidereditcrazyorirresponsible.Butthingshavechangednow.”（人們對(duì)在家上學(xué)持消極態(tài)度，尤其是在學(xué)校教育工作者中，他們認(rèn)為這是瘋狂的或不負(fù)責(zé)任的。）根據(jù)下文“Ashomeschoolingbecomesmorewidelypracticed,schoolcommunitiesarebecomingfarmoreacceptingandrecognizethatitcanmeetrealneeds.”（隨著在家上學(xué)的實(shí)踐越來越廣泛，學(xué)校社區(qū)越來越接受并認(rèn)識(shí)到它可以滿足實(shí)際需要。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上下文說明在家上學(xué)受歡迎的具體表現(xiàn)。故D選項(xiàng)“媒體經(jīng)常報(bào)道在家上學(xué)的成功故事”切題。故選D項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Homeschoolingprovidescommunitylifethatisvaluabletochildren.Participatingincommunitylife,homeschooledchildrenrelatesociallywithawidevarietyofpeople.”（在家上學(xué)為孩子們提供了有價(jià)值的社區(qū)生活。在家上學(xué)的孩子參與社區(qū)生活，與各種各樣的人建立社會(huì)關(guān)系。）可知，下文具體解釋了在家上學(xué)有助于培養(yǎng)社交。所以選項(xiàng)承接下文與社交有關(guān)。故C選項(xiàng)“有些人選擇在家上學(xué)是為了社交”切題。socializationbenefits呼應(yīng)relatesociallywithawidevarietyofpeople。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Withoutsocialpressurefromage-separatedclassrooms,kidfeelmorecomfortableformingfriendships.”（沒有了不同年齡班級(jí)的社會(huì)壓力，孩子們更容易建立友誼。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說明在家學(xué)習(xí)使得與孩子相處更容易。easy呼應(yīng)kidfeelmorecomfortableformingfriendship。故E選項(xiàng)“人們可以看到與在家上學(xué)的孩子相處是多么容易。”切題。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Weoftenhearparentsandkidstalkabouthowrelievedtheyfeelfrombeingfreedoftraditionalschoolingandnightlyhomework.Withindependentlearning,theyhavemoretimetotalkandlisten;moretimetospendinlibraries,museums,andconcerthalls;ortohike,ridebikes,read,orthink.”（我們經(jīng)常聽到父母和孩子們談?wù)撍麄儚膫鹘y(tǒng)的學(xué)校教育和夜間作業(yè)中解脫出來是多么的輕松。通過自主學(xué)習(xí)，他們有更多的時(shí)間說話和傾聽;花更多的時(shí)間在圖書館、博物館和音樂廳;或者去遠(yuǎn)足、騎自行車、讀書或思考。）可知，本段主要在說在家上學(xué)減輕了家庭壓力。故B選項(xiàng)“在家上學(xué)的家庭，生活壓力可能會(huì)小一些”切題，為本段的標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Homeschoolingalsocreatesbetterlearningenvironmentsforchildrenwhohavebeenwronglyconsideredashavingallsortsofimaginary“l(fā)earningproblems”inpublicandprivateschools.Theeducatorswantthechildrentobefixedsothattheywillfit;theparentscorrectlysensethattheirchildrenarefineandonlyneedsomethingdifferent:morespace,freedomtomove,asafeenvironment,orrespectfultreatmentfromothers.”（在家上學(xué)也為那些在公立和私立學(xué)校被錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為有各種想象中的“學(xué)習(xí)問題”的孩子創(chuàng)造了更好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。教育者希望孩子們能夠適應(yīng);父母正確地意識(shí)到他們的孩子很好，只是需要一些不同的東西:更多的空間，自由移動(dòng)，安全的環(huán)境，或者尊重他人的對(duì)待。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文總結(jié)上文說明對(duì)孩子的重要意義。故F選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于這些家庭來說，在家上學(xué)可以幫助孩子建立一個(gè)有意義的生活。”故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mypassionhasalwaysbeencaringforanimals.That’swhyI____21____atBidcawee.Bideaweeisashelter(收容所)forcatsanddogs,wherealltheanimalsareequally____22____.Whetherthecatorthedogstaysforadayoryears,eachonehasaspecialplaceinmyheart.Mostoftheshelterdogsaresogentleandfriendlythattheycause