山東省2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)透析解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題講義+分層訓(xùn)練

解密14閱讀理解之推理推斷題考點(diǎn)詳解考點(diǎn)詳解 推理推斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括推斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的推斷，正確的推斷又依靠于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出肯定推斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字依據(jù)的推理，也不能依據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是依據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合。常見的題干有： 1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat… 2.Wecanconcludethat… 3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat… 4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?從歷年的高考閱讀理解題分析來看，推理推斷題所占的比例也許在7％-10％，一般可以歸納為五大題型：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推斷題、因果推斷題、人物性格、預(yù)料想象推理題和寫作意圖推想題。下面就這五大類型的題目進(jìn)行剖析：題型一細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推斷題： 常見的設(shè)問方式： Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________. Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______. Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates_______. Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers? 細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推斷題屬于深層理解題，要求依據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷詳細(xì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實(shí)于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)： 1.文章中干脆用于表達(dá)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的信息 2.文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論 3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論 4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。解題技巧 1.要全面分析全部相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思索，得出片面結(jié)論。 2.要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。 3.留意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)當(dāng)立足由已知推斷未知。（2024·全國新課標(biāo)卷II.D）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風(fēng)港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.【答案】32.C【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了作者是一個(gè)熱忱的讀者，孩提時(shí)熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習(xí)慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣揚(yáng)圖書館。32.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我始終是一個(gè)熱忱的讀者，孩提時(shí)，有時(shí)候每天讀多達(dá)三本書。故事對我來說就像空氣，而其他孩子則打球或參與聚會。我通過從圖書館借閱來的書籍經(jīng)驗(yàn)冒險(xiǎn))可推斷，作者小時(shí)候與書是密不行分的。故選C。題型二預(yù)料推斷題： 常見的設(shè)問方式： Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______. Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph? 有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，這就要求考生依據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，對事務(wù)可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)料、推斷。作這類題時(shí)考生應(yīng)精確把握作者的寫作思路，從而作出比較精確的、合情合理的揣測。 解題技巧做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事務(wù)發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述)，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)料。 做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事務(wù)發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述)，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)料。 In1971wewerelivinginWichita,Kansas—Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwasababy.Momwasstayingwithusduringtheholidays.OnChristmasEveIstayedupverylate.Iwastotallyalonewithmythoughts,alternatingbetweenjoyandsorrow,andIgottothinkaboutmypaperroute(送報(bào)),thattree,whatmymotherhadsaidtomeandhowdadhadtriedtomakethingsbetter. IheardanoiseinthekitchenanddiscoveredthatitwasMom.Shecouldn’tsleepeitherandhadgottenuptomakeherselfacupofhotteawhichmadeherfeelbetter.Asshewaitedforthewatertoboil,shewalkedintothelivingroomanddiscoveredmethere.ShesawmyopenBibleandaskedmewhatIwasreading.WhenItoldher,sheaskedifIwouldreadittoherandIdid. Whenthekettlebegantowhistle,shewentandmadehertea.Shecameback.ItoldherhowhappyIwasthatshewaswithusforChristmasandhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildrenandtoenjoythistimebecausehealwayslovedChristmassomuch.Shewentveryquietforamomentandthenshesaid,"DoyourememberthattimeonTwelveMileRoadwhenyouboughtthattreewithyourpaperroutemoney?" "Yes,"Isaid,"I’vejustbeenthinkingaboutityouknow." Shehesitatedforalongmoment,asthoughsomethingwasbottledupsodeeplyinsidehersoulthatitmighttakecouragetogetitout.Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,"Oh,son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid."1.Howmanychildrendidtheauthorhave? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.2.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor’sfather? A.Helivedwiththeauthor. B.Helovedhisgrandsons. C.Helovedhiswifedeeply. D.Hehadpassedaway.3.Whycouldn’ttheauthor’smotherfallasleep? A.Becausesheneededtocareforthechildren. B.Becausesherememberedthepreviousthing. C.Becauseshewantedtheauthortoreadforher. D.Becauseshewasunwillingtolivewiththeauthor.4.Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph? A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas. B.Howtheauthor’sfathersupportedthefamily. C.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sparentsinthepast. D.Thereasonfortheauthor’sparents’divorce. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。我和三個(gè)孩子以及我的母親居住在一起。圣誕前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外發(fā)覺母親也未入睡,當(dāng)我們回憶往事時(shí),她失聲痛哭。1.C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句中的"Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwas ababy"可知,作者有三個(gè)孩子,故C項(xiàng)正確。2.D【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的"andhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildren" 可推知,作者的父親已經(jīng)去世,故D項(xiàng)正確。3.B【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的"Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,‘...Thattime andthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcould tellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid.’"可知,母親想起了以前圣誕節(jié)的事,對自己所做的事感到難受,因此 無法入眠,故B項(xiàng)正確。本題也可用解除法解題。A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)在文中未提及,C項(xiàng)是文中的內(nèi)容,但并不 是作者母親無法入睡的緣由。4.C【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段母親所說的話"ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmy heartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid"可推 知,母親想起了以前圣誕節(jié)的事,對自己所做的事感到難受;據(jù)此可以推斷,下文將敘述發(fā)生在作者父母身 上的故事,故C項(xiàng)正確。題型三文章來源或讀者對象題： 常見的設(shè)問方式： Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______. Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________. Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom? 文章來源或讀者對象推斷題要求考生具備肯定的常識。因此考生本身要對報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普學(xué)問、小說、童話、廣告、教材、說明書、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能在做題時(shí)依據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)選出答案。（2024﹒全國新高考C）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講解并描述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個(gè)快速視察。8.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍舊被這個(gè)國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章。因此推斷出對這個(gè)國家的愛好讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。故選B。9.詞句揣測題。劃線句是其次段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代第一段的內(nèi)容，依據(jù)第一段最終一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(幾年后，仍舊被這個(gè)國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消逝的文章這件事，故選D。10.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既體會到了友善和暖和，也看到了社會的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，MrBissell觀賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因?yàn)楸粦岩蛇M(jìn)行毒品交易，他嘗到了警察的伎倆。在費(fèi)爾干納，他參與了一個(gè)山區(qū)葬禮，然后參與了一個(gè)驚奇的酒會。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難受。由此可知，在旅途中，他經(jīng)驗(yàn)了很多事情。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)(充溢事務(wù)的，多事的)可以表達(dá)此意。故選B。11.推理推斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講解并描述了他的書《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個(gè)快速視察。因此推斷本文的寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。題型四寫作意圖推斷題： 常見的設(shè)問方式： Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________. 寫作意圖推斷題要求考生依據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不干脆表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所供應(yīng)的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的實(shí)力。 一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖。（2024·全國卷Ⅰ·C）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalemLikerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，但是之前受過傷的人，要想從事這樣運(yùn)動要謹(jǐn)慎，最好詢問專家的建議。28.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在搖擺腿的大部分時(shí)間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運(yùn)動員是須要具備某些條件的運(yùn)動員是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動員須要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選C項(xiàng)。29.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項(xiàng)。30.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事實(shí)上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)當(dāng)首先詢問教練或有閱歷的競走運(yùn)動員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记伞?”可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A項(xiàng)。31.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，探討表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身好處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此推斷出作者對于競走的看法是客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。題型五人物性格、心情境況、看法及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的心情、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的看法、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時(shí)肯定留意：（1）由表及里地精確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。（2）特殊留意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達(dá)感情，看法觀點(diǎn)的詞語。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色調(diào)的形容詞。（2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅲ·B） When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動作捕獲)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D.Theperformanceofrealapes.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】24.D25.B26.D27.A【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了電影“猩球崛起”上個(gè)月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時(shí)，沒有運(yùn)用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝運(yùn)用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建技術(shù)，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個(gè)非盈利的組織親密關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。24.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，手里拿著一塊牌子，贊揚(yáng)電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物愛護(hù)者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項(xiàng)。25.主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(動作捕獲)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)利用動作捕獲技術(shù)創(chuàng)建數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上，花費(fèi)數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)生最終的影像。由此可知，其次段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建。故選B項(xiàng)。26.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一個(gè)非營利組織，監(jiān)控動物在電影消遣中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（很多電影,包括“大象的眼淚”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理員”,引起了動物愛護(hù)人士的生氣，他們說影片中的動物沒有遭到很好的對待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織，今年正親密關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此推斷出，劃線詞的意思是“親密關(guān)注”。故選D項(xiàng)。27.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔(dān)憂的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇;讓人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活條件。還有一些關(guān)于在美國以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時(shí)不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔(dān)憂的并不是工作室里動物的待遇;令人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活條件。由此推斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項(xiàng)。檢測訓(xùn)練檢測訓(xùn)練題組一真題在線Passage1（2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷=2\*ROMANII·C） Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時(shí)裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時(shí)裝秀。展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設(shè)計(jì)師稱這是一種環(huán)保的舉措，科學(xué)家們也對海貍鼠損壞生態(tài)平衡表示了擔(dān)憂。28.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時(shí)裝秀，時(shí)裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的不同風(fēng)格的衣服，項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)CreeMcCree說：“除非了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則談?wù)摕o罪感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情”，可以推斷出由于海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時(shí)裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A。29.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藫?dān)憂以至于他們確定依據(jù)一條海貍鼠尾巴付給獵人們5美元，可以推斷出科學(xué)家們擔(dān)憂海貍鼠們嚴(yán)峻破壞生態(tài)平衡，。故選A。30.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的限制，但是當(dāng)海貍鼠市場在20世紀(jì)80年頭末崩潰時(shí)，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，依據(jù)but推斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于限制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導(dǎo)致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相近。故選D。31.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，為了給人們一種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認(rèn)為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，依據(jù)模特摩根所說得知，在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。故選B。Passage2（2024·浙江卷.A）Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright(劇作家)hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim(變暗).Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays. B.Hehasadeeploveforthetheater.C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor. D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?A.Statingtheplays’centralideas. B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.C.Includingvarioustypesofplays. D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.23.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?A.Controltheirfeelings. B.Applytheiractingskills.C.Usetheirimagination. D.Keeptheiraudienceinmind.24.Whatisthistext?A.Ashortstory. B.Anintroductiontoabook.C.Aplayreview. D.Anadvertisementforatheater.【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者的書籍的序言部分，包括其編寫目的，書籍內(nèi)容主體，以及如何實(shí)現(xiàn)有樂趣的閱讀本書的建議。21.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“…andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers”可知，作者編輯這本書的最好的緣由是希望與他人共享對戲劇的熱忱，因此可知作者對于戲劇飽含熱忱。故選B項(xiàng)。22.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段內(nèi)容“Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.”可知，作者并不想指出這本書中每一部戲劇的中心主題，因?yàn)槟菢拥拇_會破壞閱讀、探討和思索戲劇以及劇作家的有效性的樂趣。A項(xiàng)“Statingtheplays”centralideas(陳述戲劇的中心思想)”與原文表達(dá)信息一樣。故選A項(xiàng)。23.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章末尾段內(nèi)容“Togetthemostoutofthereadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.”可知，作者建議讀者試著想象戲劇在舞臺上上演，不再是讀者而是成為觀眾，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳的閱讀樂趣。C項(xiàng)“Usetheirimagination”與原文“trytopicturetheplayonthestage”表達(dá)信息一樣。故選C項(xiàng)。24.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章首段內(nèi)容“Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonfore