湖南省益陽(yáng)市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

益陽(yáng)市2023年下學(xué)期普通高中期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高一英語(yǔ)（試題卷）（時(shí)長(zhǎng):120分鐘滿分:150分）注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試題卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.What’sthewoman’sfavouriteinstrument?A.Piano.B.Violin.C.Guitar.2.Wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?A.InaKFCstore.B.Onthephone.C.Onthestreet.3.Whenwillthespeakersseethemovie?A.ThisThursday.B.NextMonday.C.ThisSaturday.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Apieceofnews.B.Afamoushotel.C.Awell-knownnewspaper.5.Howdoesthegirlfindherseniorhighschoollife?A.Enjoyable.B.Tiring.C.Boring.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.WhatdoesPeterplantobuytomorrow?A.Jackets.B.Trousers.C.Awallet.7.WhydoesPeter’smotherwanttochangetheskirt?A.Itdoesn’tfither.B.Itisoutoffashion.C.Shedoesn’tlikethecolor.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.What’swrongwiththeman?A.Hegetsastomachache.B.Hehasatoothache.C.Hegetsacold.9.Whatshouldthemandoaccordingtothewoman’swords?A.Eathealthily.B.Exerciseinthegym.C.Stayindoors.10.Whatisthewomanaccordingtotheconversation?A.Ateacher.B.Adoctor.C.Astudent.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Friends.B.Acouple.C.Workmates.12.WhydoesDavidusuallycometoChina?A.Totakeatrip.B.Todobusiness.C.Tomeetfriends.13.WhatdoesMariarecommendtheBrazilianrestaurantfor?A.Goodservice.B.Niceenvironment.C.Deliciousfood.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Howdidthewomanthinkofheradventurevacation?A.Dangerous.B.Great.C.Terrible.15.Whatdidthewomandoduringthetrip?ADiving.B.Rockclimbing.C.Bungeejumping.16.Whatseaanimalsdidthewomanmeet?A.Awhale.B.Ashark.C.Adolphin.17.Whatwasthemostexcitingpartoftheadventuretriptothewoman?A.Divingwithdolphins.B.Exploringsomeoldcaves.C.Enjoyingsunshineonthebeach.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.HowoldisAlvinnow?A.12.B.14.C.16.19.WheredoesAlvin’smotherwork?A.Inaschool.B.Inacompany.C.Inastudio.20.WhatdoweknowaboutAlvin?A.HeprefersChinesemovies.B.Heistooshytotalktostrangers.C.Hewouldliketomakefriends.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAtrans-Canadatraintripisanadventurethatwillstaywithyouforaverylongtime.Herearesomemust-seeplacestovisitalongtheway:VancouverThere’sareasonwhyVancouverneverfailstoimpress.Itisreallystunning,withplentyofgreenopenspaces,mountainsandoceanviews.Plus,thiswestcoastcityalsohasadiverselivemusicandartscene,world-classmuseumsandplentyoflocallyownedcoffeehousesandcreativerestaurants.JasperJasperNationalParkistwicethesizeofBanffNationalParkyetdrawsonlyaroundhalfthevisitors,whichmeansyou’llencounterfewercrowdsonthestunninghikingpathsthroughvalleys,mountainpassesandgrasslands.Keepaneyeoutforelk,bighornsheepandotherwildlocalresidents.QuébecCityConsideredthecrownjewelofFrenchCanada,QuebecCityisoneofNorthAmerica’soldestandmostremarkablesettlements.TheOldTownislikealivingmuseumofnarrowcobblestonestreets,17thand18thcenturyhousesandchurches.There’smorethanaglimmerofoldEuropeinitsclassicpubs,sidewalkcafesandtidysquare.MontrealMontrealiswhereallthefunhappens.Thecitylivesforthearts,withmorethan90festivalsthroughouttheyearandanimpressivecollectionofmuseums,galleriesandperformancespaces.Addinarchitecturethatwillmakeyouthinkyou’reinEuropeandoneofthemostdiversefoodscenesinNorthAmerica,andyouwillhavearecipeforagoodtime.1.Ifyouareinterestedinwildlife,whichplacewillattractyou?A.Vancouver. B.Jasper. C.QuébecCity. D.Montreal.2.WhatcanyoudoinQuébecCity?A.Visitamuseumofcobblestones. B.Attendvariousfestivals.C.EnjoyadrinkinaEuropean-stylepub. D.Walkacrossthevastgrassland.3.WhatdoVancouverandMontrealhaveincommon?A.Attractivemuseums. B.Largequantitiesofwildlife.C.Asmallcrowdofvisitors. D.Over90festivalseveryyear.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了加拿大四個(gè)旅游目的地的情況。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Keepaneyeoutforelk,bighornsheepandotherwildlocalresidents.(留意麋鹿、大角羊和其他當(dāng)?shù)匾吧鷦?dòng)物)”可知，如果你對(duì)野生動(dòng)物感興趣，Jasper會(huì)吸引你。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“There’smorethanaglimmerofoldEuropeinitsclassicpubs,sidewalkcafesandtidysquare.(在它的經(jīng)典酒吧、路邊咖啡館和整潔的廣場(chǎng)上，不僅有一絲古老的歐洲氣息)”可知，在QuébecCity你可以在歐式酒吧喝一杯。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Plus,thiswestcoastcityalsohasadiverselivemusicandartscene,world-classmuseumsandplentyoflocallyownedcoffeehousesandcreativerestaurants.(此外，這座西海岸城市還擁有多樣化的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)和藝術(shù)場(chǎng)景，世界級(jí)的博物館和大量當(dāng)?shù)負(fù)碛械目Х瑞^和創(chuàng)意餐廳)”以及最后一段“Thecitylivesforthearts,withmorethan90festivalsthroughouttheyearandanimpressivecollectionofmuseums,galleriesandperformancespaces.(這座城市為藝術(shù)而生，全年有90多個(gè)節(jié)日，還有令人印象深刻的博物館、畫(huà)廊和表演空間)”可知，溫哥華和蒙特利爾的共同之處是都有吸引人的博物館。故選A。BA25-year-oldyoungmanfromGuineabikedacrossAfrica,reachedCairoonSeptember5andreceivedafullscholarshiptoAl-AzharUniversity,oneoftheworld’soldestandmostrespectedSunniMuslimlearningcenters.MamadouSafaiouBarrylivesintheWestAfricannationofGuinea.HewantedtostudyIslamictheology(伊斯蘭教神學(xué))atatopschoolinCairo,Egypt.Withoutmoneytopayfortransport,BarrydrewamapofAfricaandheadedoutonausedbicycleforthetripacrossthecontinent,carryingonlyachangeofclothes,aflashlightandasmalltool.Barryrodeabout100kilometerseachday.HerodethroughMali,BurkinaFaso,Togo,BeninandNiger.HehadtostopinN’Djamena,theChadiancapital,becauseoftheongoingConflictinSudan.Hesaidhehadalreadybeendetainedthreetimes-twiceinBurkinaFasoandonceinTogo.There,securityforcesheldhimforninedayswithoutchargebeforereleasinghimfor$56.Thatwasallofhismoneyfortherestofthetrip,hesaid.ThousandsofWestAfricanslikeBarrytakeriskyjourneysacrosstheSaharadeserteachyearsearchingforabetterlife.Butmanynevermakeit.Nearly500peoplediedordisappearedonWestAfricanmigrationrouteslastyear,datafromtheInternationalOrganizationforMigrationshows.Barrythoughttheriskwasworthit.“Ifyouhaveadream,staywithitandbestrong.”hesaid,“Godwillhelpyou.”Barry’sluckchangedagaininChad.There,alocalphilanthropist(慈善家),whohadreadabouthistriponline,offeredtoflyhimdirectlytoEgyptandavoidthefightinginSudan.Afterfourmonthsandtravellingthrough7countries,heisinCaironowandhasreceivedafullscholarshiptoAl-Azhar.BarryintendstoreturntoGuineawhenhisstudiesarecomplete,tospreadthefaiththathastakenhimsofar.“WhenIreturntomycountry,IwouldliketobesomeonewhoteachesIslamandtellspeoplehowtodogoodthings,”hesaid.4.WhydidBarrystartthejourneyacrossAfrica?A.Tosearchforabetterlife.B.Toexploredifferentlandscapes.C.Toescapetheconflictinhishomecountry.D.TorealizehisdreamofstudyingIslamictheologyinCairo.5.WhatdoesParagraph4functionas?A.Backgroundinformation. B.Detaileddescription.C.Typicalexamples. D.Dataanalysis.6WhichwordcanbestdescribeBarry?A.Skilled. B.Gifted. C.Humorous. D.Determined.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IslamSpreadinginAfricaB.AfricanPhilanthropistSupportingaYoungManC.GuineanStudentCyclingacrossAfricaforHisDreamD.AfricanYoungManSurvivingacrosstheSaharaDesert【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了25歲的MamadouSafaiouBarry為了學(xué)習(xí)伊斯蘭神學(xué)，騎自行車(chē)穿越非洲?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“HewantedtostudyIslamictheology(伊斯蘭教神學(xué))atatopschoolinCairo,Egypt.Withoutmoneytopayfortransport,BarrydrewamapofAfricaandheadedoutonausedbicycleforthetripacrossthecontinent,carryingonlyachangeofclothes,aflashlightandasmalltool.(他想在埃及開(kāi)羅的一所頂尖學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)伊斯蘭神學(xué)。巴里沒(méi)有錢(qián)支付交通費(fèi)，他畫(huà)了一幅非洲地圖，騎著一輛舊自行車(chē)出發(fā)，只帶了一套換洗的衣服、一個(gè)手電筒和一個(gè)小工具，開(kāi)始了穿越非洲大陸的旅行)”可知，巴里開(kāi)始穿越非洲的旅程是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他在開(kāi)羅學(xué)習(xí)伊斯蘭神學(xué)的夢(mèng)想。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThousandsofWestAfricanslikeBarrytakeriskyjourneysacrosstheSaharadeserteachyear,searchingforabetterlife.Butmanynevermakeit.Nearly500peoplediedordisappearedonWestAfricanmigrationrouteslastyear,datafromtheInternationalOrganizationforMigrationshows.(每年都有成千上萬(wàn)像巴里一樣的西非人冒險(xiǎn)穿越撒哈拉沙漠，尋找更好的生活。但很多人都沒(méi)能成功。國(guó)際移民組織的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年有近500人在西非移民路線上死亡或失蹤)”可知，第四段的作用是背景信息。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Barrythoughttheriskwasworthit.“Ifyouhaveadream,staywithitandbestrong.”hesaid,“Godwillhelpyou.”(巴里覺(jué)得冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)是值得的?！叭绻阌袎?mèng)想，堅(jiān)持下去，要堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。他說(shuō)，“上帝會(huì)幫助你的?！?”可知，巴里是個(gè)堅(jiān)定的人。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“A25-year-oldyoungmanfromGuineabikedacrossAfrica,reachedCairoonSeptember5andreceivedafullscholarshiptoAl-AzharUniversity,oneoftheworld’soldestandmostrespectedSunniMuslimlearningcenters.(一名來(lái)自幾內(nèi)亞的25歲年輕人騎自行車(chē)穿越非洲，于9月5日抵達(dá)開(kāi)羅，并獲得了愛(ài)資哈爾大學(xué)的全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。愛(ài)資哈爾大學(xué)是世界上最古老、最受尊敬的遜尼派穆斯林學(xué)習(xí)中心之一)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了25歲的MamadouSafaiouBarry為了學(xué)習(xí)伊斯蘭神學(xué)，騎自行車(chē)穿越非洲?？芍珻選項(xiàng)“一名幾內(nèi)亞學(xué)生為了夢(mèng)想騎自行車(chē)穿越非洲”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。CAstudyhasfoundthatafifthofteenagersconsumeenergydrinksundertheimpressionthattheyaregoodforhealth.Thenewresearchquestionedalmost4,000highschoolstudentsabouttheenergydrinksandfoundthatboysweremuchmorelikelytodrinkthem.Australiarequirescompaniestolabeltheirdrinksas“notsuitableforchildren”,yetthefindingspublishedinajournalshowedmanyteensstillbelievedthedrinkswerebeneficial.Theenergydrinkmarketisexpectedtogrowtoa$72billionby2024andreach$108.4billionby2031.Separatemarketanalysisshowedteenswhodrinkenergydrinksweremorelikelytoshowanti-socialbehaviour,includingsmoking,alcoholconsumptionandotherthings.Energydrinkconsumptionwasalsofoundconnectedwithheadaches,stomachachesandespeciallyinsomnia,whichiscommonamongteensandmakesthemextremelysleepyandunabletoconcentrateontheirstudy.One16-year-oldgirlsaidshedidnotmakeahabitofdrinkingtheenergydrinks,butsometimesboughtoneafterschool.“Iknowthey’renotgreatforyou,butsometimesIgettotheendofaschooldayandIamjustverytired,”shesaid,“Yougetupataround7a.m.,sitthroughawholeschooldayandthengohome,onlytostudythroughto11p.m.—ifyoudon’thaveextra-curricularactivities.It’snotsomethingIrecommend,buttheytastegoodandsometimesIfeellikeI’dbenefitfromcaffeine.”Duetothefactthatteenagersincorrectlybelievedenergydrinkswerebeneficialfortheirhealth,theresearcherssuggesteditwasnecessarytoeducatestudentsonthehealthrisks.8.Whatdomanyteenagersthinkaboutenergydrinks?A.Harmful. B.Healthy. C.Expensive. D.Unnecessary.9.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thepopularityofenergydrinks. B.Themarketvalueofenergydrinks.C.Thebadeffectsofenergydrinks. D.Theproductionofenergydrinks.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insomnia”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Sleeplessness. B.Loneliness. C.Carelessness. D.Forgetfulness.11.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.The16-year-oldgirlisaddictedtoenergydrinks.B.Boysaremorelikelytodrinkenergydrinksthangirls.C.About4,000teenagersconsumeenergydrinkseveryday.D.Teenagerslackenougheducationabouttherisksofenergydrinks.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)五分之一的青少年在飲用能量飲料時(shí)認(rèn)為它們有益健康，但是能量飲料存在不良影響，青少年對(duì)能量飲料的危害缺乏足夠的教育。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Astudyhasfoundthatafifthofteenagersconsumeenergydrinksundertheimpressionthattheyaregoodforhealth.(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，五分之一的青少年在飲用能量飲料時(shí)認(rèn)為它們有益健康)”可知，許多青少年認(rèn)為功能飲料健康。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Separatemarketanalysisshowedteenswhodrinkenergydrinksweremorelikelytoshowanti-socialbehaviour,includingsmoking,alcoholconsumptionandotherthings.(另一項(xiàng)市場(chǎng)分析顯示，飲用能量飲料的青少年更有可能出現(xiàn)反社會(huì)行為，包括吸煙、飲酒和其他行為。)”以及本段其他內(nèi)容可知，第5段的主要內(nèi)容是能量飲料的不良影響。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Energydrinkconsumptionwasalsofoundconnectedwithheadaches,stomachachesandespecially”以及后文“whichiscommonamongteensandmakesthemextremelysleepyandunabletoconcentrateontheirstudy”可知，上文提到了飲用能量飲料會(huì)導(dǎo)致頭痛、胃痛等身體上的不適，由此可推知insomnia也屬于身體上的不適，結(jié)合后文insomnia會(huì)讓他們極度困倦，無(wú)法集中精力學(xué)習(xí)，可推測(cè)insomnia意思是“失眠”。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Duetothefactthatteenagersincorrectlybelievedenergydrinkswerebeneficialfortheirhealth,theresearcherssuggesteditwasnecessarytoeducatestudentsonthehealthrisks.(由于青少年錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為能量飲料對(duì)他們的健康有益，研究人員建議有必要對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)教育)”可推知，青少年對(duì)能量飲料的危害缺乏足夠的教育。故選D。DPetownerslovetheirdogsmorethantheircats.Althoughpreviousstudieshavealreadysuggestedthisfinding,scientistsfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenwantedtoresearchmoredeeplyintowhetherculturalfactorsaffectedtheresults.TheirfindingsarepublishedinthejournalFrontiersinVeterinaryScience.InthesurveyacrossDenmark,AustriaandtheUnitedKingdom,844dogowners,872catownersand401peoplewhoownedbothdogsandcatswereaskedquestionsabouttheirpets.Overall,theparticipantshadhigherattachmentscoresfordogsthanforcats.Ownersweremorelikelytoinsure(給……投保)theirdogsandpaidmoretodogs’treatment.However,theresultsdiffereddramaticallyacrosscountries.Forexample,theUnitedKingdom’sresultswereinfavorofdogs,althoughonlyslightly.Australiahadaveryclearpreferencefordogs.EmotionalattachmenttodogswashighestinDenmark.TheDaneswerealsolesslikelytobuyinsurancefortheircats,comparedwiththeirdogs.“Whilepeoplecaremoreabouttheirdogsthantheircatsinthesecountries,thedegreeofdifferencevariedbetweencountries,”P(pán)rofessorPeterSandoeoftheUniversityofCopenhagen,thestudy’sfirstauthor,saidinapressrelease.“Itdoesn’tthereforeseemtobeauniversalphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)thatpeoplecaremuchlessabouttheircatsthantheirdogs.”Thedifferencebetweencountriesmaybeduetoculturaldifferencesandattitudestowardpets,thestudysuggested.Thismaybetheresultofthecountry’shistorywithruralanimalsandhowoftentheyinteractedwithpeople.Thesefactorsmayhaveinfluencedsocietalattitudestowardpetsinmoderntimes.“OurstudyonlylooksatthreecountriesinEurope,”professorClarePalmerofTexasA&MUniversity,aco-authorofthepaper,saidinthepressrelease.“Itraisesinterestingquestionsregardingwhatcomparativestudiesofothercountriesmightfind,”shewenton.“Perhapstherearecountrieswherethelevelofcareforandattachmenttocatsis,infact,higherthandogs?”12.What’sthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingparagraph1?A.Tostateawidelyacknowledgedfact.B.Toanalyzethecauseofaphenomenon.C.Tointroducethetopicofanewstudy.D.Tocomparetwodifferentstudies.13.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirstudy?A.Byaskingquestions.B.Bydoinganexperiment.C.Bycollectingdataonline.D.Bykeepingtrackofpetowners’dailylife.14.WhatcanweinferfromSandoe’swords?A.Notallthepeopleintheworldpreferdogstocats.B.Peopleinthethreesurveyedcountriespreferdogstocats.C.Thelevelsofcareforcatsarethesameasdogsintheworld.D.Peopleintheworldcarelessabouttheircatsthantheirdogs.15.What

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passage?A.Petownerslovetheirdogsmorethantheircats.B.Culturemayinfluencepeople’spreferencetodogs.C.Petownersshouldcareabouttheircatsasmuchastheirdogs.D.PeopleholddifferentattitudestowardpetsinthreeEuropeancountries.【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于寵物主人更愛(ài)狗還是更愛(ài)貓的研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在丹麥、奧地利和英國(guó)，寵物主人更愛(ài)狗，但不同國(guó)家之間存在差異，這可能是由于文化差異和對(duì)寵物的態(tài)度造成的?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Petownerslovetheirdogsmorethantheircats.Althoughpreviousstudieshavealreadysuggestedthisfinding,scientistsfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenwantedtoresearchmoredeeplyintowhetherculturalfactorsaffectedtheresults.(寵物主人愛(ài)狗勝過(guò)愛(ài)貓。雖然之前的研究已經(jīng)提出了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，但哥本哈根大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們想要更深入地研究文化因素是否會(huì)影響結(jié)果。)”可知，之前的研究已經(jīng)表明寵物主人更愛(ài)狗，但來(lái)自哥本哈根大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們想更深入地研究文化因素是否會(huì)影響結(jié)果。結(jié)合下文對(duì)此進(jìn)行的研究可推斷出，作者寫(xiě)第一段的目的是介紹一項(xiàng)新研究的主題。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InthesurveyacrossDenmark,AustriaandtheUnitedKingdom,844dogowners,872catownersand401peoplewhoownedbothdogsandcatswereaskedquestionsabouttheirpets.(在丹麥、奧地利和英國(guó)開(kāi)展的這項(xiàng)調(diào)查中，844名狗主人、872名貓主人和401名既養(yǎng)狗又養(yǎng)貓的人被問(wèn)及有關(guān)他們寵物的問(wèn)題。)”可知，研究人員通過(guò)詢問(wèn)問(wèn)題來(lái)進(jìn)行他們的研究。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Whilepeoplecaremoreabouttheirdogsthantheircatsinthesecountries,thedegreeofdifferencevariedbetweencountries,”P(pán)rofessorPeterSandoeoftheUniversityofCopenhagen,thestudy’sfirstauthor,saidinapressrelease.“Itdoesn’tthereforeseemtobeauniversalphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)thatpeoplecaremuchlessabouttheircatsthantheirdogs.”(該研究的第一作者、哥本哈根大學(xué)的彼得·桑多教授在一份新聞稿中說(shuō)：“雖然這些國(guó)家的人們更關(guān)心他們的狗而不是貓，但不同國(guó)家之間的差異程度各不相同。”“因此，人們對(duì)貓的關(guān)心遠(yuǎn)不如對(duì)狗的關(guān)心，這似乎并不是一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象?！?”可知，并不是世界上所有的人都更喜歡狗而不是貓。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thedifferencebetweencountriesmaybeduetoculturaldifferencesandattitudestowardpets,thestudysuggested.(研究表明，國(guó)家之間的差異可能是由于文化差異和對(duì)待寵物的態(tài)度。)”可知，文化可能會(huì)影響人們對(duì)狗的偏愛(ài)。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoprotecteyesandpreserveyourvisionWewatchoutsaltandfatintaketoprotectourhearts.Weexerciseandtakecalciumtoprotectourbones.Butwhatcanwedotoprotectoureyes?____16____Takeabreakfromscreens.TheAAO(美國(guó)眼科協(xié)會(huì))saysthere’snoscientificevidencethatthelightfromelectronicscreensdamageseyes.____17____Onereasonforeyetirednessduringscreenuseisthatpeopletendtoblinklesswhenstaringatcomputerscreens.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthrecommendstakingabreakevery20minutestolookatsomethingabout20feetawayfor20seconds.____18____.ResearchshowsthatfoodsrichinvitaminC,vitaminE,zinc,lutein(葉黃素),zeaxanthinandomega-3fattyacidsarelinkedtolowerriskforage-relatedeyediseasesandmaybeevendryeye.Therefore,foodslikefish,strawberries,tomatoes,peanuts,pumpkin,beefandoystersarestronglyrecommended.Stopthosebadhabits.First,giveupsmoking.Smokingisn’tjustbadforyourlungs;itcanharmeyestoo.Itcausesdryeyes,makesthyroideyediseaseworseandcanharmtheopticnerve.____19____Themoreyourub,themoreitchyyoureyeswillget.Andrubbingcanalsoleadtoinfections.Repairtheair.Indoorheatingandairconditioningcandryouttheairandtheeyes.Outdoorcoldandwindcanbedrying,too,whilepollutionandallergenscancausediscomfort.“Inadditiontousingsomeeyedrops,itisimportanttopurifytheairandmakeitlessdry.”saysDr.Akpek.Finally,don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckup.____20____A.Eatforyoureyes.B.Also,trynottorubyoureyes.C.Choosefoodbeneficialtoyourhealth.D.Wearesupposedtoprotectoureyesfromthescreenlight.E.Butstaringatascreencanleaveeyestiredandmayevenblurvision.F.Notalleyeproblemsarenoticeable,andallarebesttreatedwhenfoundearly.G.Expertstellussomestepspeopleshouldtaketoprotecttheirvisionandeyehealth.【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了保護(hù)視力和眼睛的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Wewatchoutsaltandfatintaketoprotectourhearts.Weexerciseandtakecalciumtoprotectourbones.Butwhatcanwedotoprotectoureyes?(我們注意鹽和脂肪的攝入以保護(hù)我們的心臟。我們通過(guò)鍛煉和補(bǔ)充鈣來(lái)保護(hù)骨骼。但是我們能做些什么來(lái)保護(hù)我們的眼睛呢？)”設(shè)問(wèn)了如何保護(hù)眼睛，結(jié)合后文說(shuō)明了保護(hù)視力和眼睛的方法可知，空處應(yīng)指出有保護(hù)眼睛的方法，G選項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)家告訴我們一些人們應(yīng)該采取的措施來(lái)保護(hù)他們的視力和眼睛健康”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“TheAAO(美國(guó)眼科協(xié)會(huì))saysthere’snoscientificevidencethatthelightfromelectronicscreensdamageseyes.(AAO表示，沒(méi)有科學(xué)證據(jù)表明電子屏幕發(fā)出的光會(huì)損害眼睛)”以及后文“Onereasonforeyetirednessduringscreenuseisthatpeopletendtoblinklesswhenstaringatcomputerscreens.(使用屏幕時(shí)眼睛疲勞的一個(gè)原因是人們?cè)诙⒅娔X屏幕時(shí)眨眼的次數(shù)更少)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出盯著屏幕會(huì)讓眼睛疲勞，E選項(xiàng)“但是盯著屏幕會(huì)使眼睛疲勞，甚至可能使視力模糊”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“ResearchshowsthatfoodsrichinvitaminC,vitaminE,zinc,lutein(葉黃素),zeaxanthinandomega-3fattyacidsarelinkedtolowerriskforage-relatedeyediseasesandmaybeevendryeye.Therefore,foodslikefish,strawberries,tomatoes,peanuts,pumpkin,beefandoystersarestronglyrecommended.(研究表明，富含維生素C、維生素E、鋅、葉黃素、玉米黃質(zhì)和omega-3脂肪酸的食物可以降低患老年性眼病甚至干眼癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，強(qiáng)烈建議食用魚(yú)、草莓、西紅柿、花生、南瓜、牛肉和牡蠣等食物)”可知，本段的建議是吃對(duì)眼睛好好處的食物，A選項(xiàng)“為你的眼睛而吃”符合語(yǔ)境，可以作為主旨句。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Themoreyourub,themoreitchyyoureyeswillget.Andrubbingcanalsoleadtoinfections.(揉得越多，眼睛就越癢。揉眼睛也會(huì)導(dǎo)致感染)”推知，空處是在建議不要揉眼睛。B選項(xiàng)“還有，盡量不要揉眼睛”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Finally,don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckup.(最后，別忘了去看眼科專(zhuān)家做檢查)”可知，上文建議去看眼科做檢查，本句位于段末應(yīng)承接上文指出這樣做的原因，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“并非所有的眼部問(wèn)題都很明顯，而且及早發(fā)現(xiàn)最好治療”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TinyNewneighborsOnedayin2022,72-year-oldDonPowellwaspulling____21____fromhisoutdoormailboxasusualwhenhenoticedsomething____22____:Atinydollcoupleweresittingonaloveseatinsidethemailbox.Therewasalsoastickynotereading“MaryandShelleydecidedtolivehere.”Don___23___thoughtsomebodymusthaveleftthewoodendollsinsidehismailbox___24___andwouldgetthembacksoon.Themailboxlooksnice,which____25____26incheslong,15incheswideand10incheshigh,withwindowsonthetopandsidestoletthe___26___in.“It’snowonderthedollswanttomoveintoit,”Donsaidhumorously.Butafewdayslater,thesmallcoupledidnot____27____.Instead,theyacquiredatableandapillow.Morethanthat,overthenextseveralmonths.additionalitemsmysteriously___28___:abed,apaintingandawood-burningstove.AndatChristmastime,asmalldecorated____29____wasleftwithtinypresents.Now,MaryandShelleyarestilllivinginthe____30____,bringingalittlecommunityhumortotheneighborswhohavefollowedDon’s____31____onOrchardLakeVillage’sNextdoorpage.“SomepeoplethoughtIhad____32____thedollsmyself,butallIdidwasprovideamailbox.Somebodyelsedecidedtomakeita____33____forMaryandShelley,”DonwroteonNextdoor.Donsayshenowdoesn’twanttoknowwhois____34____forthemailboxmysteryandhe’sjusthopingitwill___35___.21.A.emails B.envelopes C.food D.dolls22.A.unusual B.horrible C.meaningful D.normal23.A.finally B.fortunately C.honestly D.originally24.A.inadvance B.witheffort C.bymistake D.bydesign25.A.measures B.equals C.builds D.fits26.A.wind B.sand C.light D.rain27.A.melt B.upgrade C.disappear D.respond28.A.showedoff B.showedthrough C.showedaround D.showedup29.A.tree B.basket C.book D.flower30.A.mailbox B.village C.house D.neighborhood31.A.styles B.updates C.advice D.targets32.A.created. B.hung C.placed D.deserted33.A.building B.nest C.settlement D.home34.A.charged B.responsible C.fit D.eager35.A.end B.repeat C.continue D.suffer【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.A31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。講述了安德魯在自己的郵筒里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)小娃娃夫婦，并且陪伴他們的物品逐漸增加。鄰居們對(duì)此很感興趣，希望了解這個(gè)謎題的背后故事。安德魯不想揭開(kāi)謎底，他希望這個(gè)謎題可以繼續(xù)下去?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2022年的一天，72歲的唐·鮑威爾像往常一樣從他的戶外信箱里取出信封，這時(shí)他注意到一些不尋常的東西：信箱里有一對(duì)小玩偶夫婦坐在雙人座椅上。A.emails郵件；B.envelopes信封；C.food食物；D.dolls玩偶。根據(jù)后文“fromhisoutdoormailbox”指從他的戶外信箱里取出信封，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：2022年的一天，72歲的唐·鮑威爾像往常一樣從他的戶外信箱里取出信封，這時(shí)他注意到一些不尋常的東西：信箱里有一對(duì)小玩偶夫婦坐在雙人座椅上。A.unusual不尋常的；B.horrible可怕的；C.meaningful有意義的；D.normal正常的。根據(jù)后文“Atinydollcoupleweresittingonaloveseatinsidethemailbox.”可知，信箱里有玩偶，是不尋常的東西。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：唐原本以為一定是有人把那些木制娃娃錯(cuò)放在他的郵箱里了，很快就會(huì)拿回來(lái)的。A.finally最后；B.fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地；D.originally起初。根據(jù)后文“thoughtsomebodymusthaveleftthewoodendollsinsidehismailbox”可知，認(rèn)為娃娃放錯(cuò)了是他最初的想法。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：唐原本以為一定是有人把那些木制娃娃錯(cuò)放在他的郵箱里了，很快就會(huì)拿回來(lái)的。A.inadvance提前；B.witheffort費(fèi)力地；C.bymistake錯(cuò)誤地；D.bydesign故意地。根據(jù)后文“andwouldgetthembacksoon”可知，他以為是人放錯(cuò)了，很快會(huì)回來(lái)拿。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)郵筒看起來(lái)很漂亮，長(zhǎng)26英寸，寬15英寸，高10英寸，頂部和側(cè)面都有窗戶，可以讓光線進(jìn)來(lái)。A.measures測(cè)量；B.equals等于；C.builds建造；D.fits合適。根據(jù)后文“26incheslong,15incheswideand10incheshigh”可知，此處指郵筒測(cè)量的尺寸。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)郵筒看起來(lái)很漂亮，長(zhǎng)26英寸，寬15英寸，高10英寸，頂部和側(cè)面都有窗戶，可以讓光線進(jìn)來(lái)。A.wind風(fēng)；B.sand沙子；C.light燈光；D.rain雨。根據(jù)上文“withwindowsonthetopandsidestoletthe”可知，郵筒有窗戶可以讓光線進(jìn)來(lái)。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是幾天后，這對(duì)小夫婦并沒(méi)有消失。A.melt融化；B.upgrade升級(jí)；C.disappear消失；D.respond回答。根據(jù)后文“Instead,theyacquiredatableandapillow.(相反，他們買(mǎi)了一張桌子和一個(gè)枕頭)”可知，這對(duì)小夫婦并沒(méi)有消失。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：不僅如此，在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里，又有一些神秘的東西出現(xiàn)了：一張床、一幅畫(huà)和一個(gè)燒木頭的爐子。A.showedoff炫耀；B.showedthrough透過(guò)；C.showedaround帶領(lǐng)……參觀；D.showedup出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文“abed,apaintingandawood-burningstove”可知，又出現(xiàn)了其他東西，故選D。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在圣誕節(jié)的時(shí)候，一棵裝飾過(guò)的小樹(shù)被留下了小禮物。A.tree樹(shù)木；B.basket籃子；C.book書(shū)籍；D.flower花。根據(jù)上文“AndatChristmastime,asmalldecorated”可知，圣誕節(jié)最有可能出現(xiàn)的是圣誕樹(shù)，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，瑪麗和雪萊仍然住在這個(gè)郵箱里，給那些在果園湖村的Nextdoor頁(yè)面上關(guān)注唐更新的鄰居們帶來(lái)了一點(diǎn)社區(qū)幽默。A.mailbox郵箱；B.village村莊；C.house房子；D.neighborhood鄰居。根據(jù)后文“butallIdidwasprovideamailbox”可知，瑪麗和雪萊仍然住在這個(gè)郵箱里，故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，瑪麗和雪萊仍然住在這個(gè)郵箱里，給那些在果園湖村的Nextdoor頁(yè)面上關(guān)注唐更新的鄰居們帶來(lái)了一點(diǎn)社區(qū)幽默。A.styles風(fēng)格；B.updates更新；C.advice建議；D.targets目標(biāo)。根據(jù)后文“onOrchardLakeVillage’sNextdoorpage”指他在網(wǎng)頁(yè)上的更新給鄰居們帶來(lái)了幽默。故選B。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“有些人認(rèn)為是我自己放的娃娃，但我所做的只是提供了一個(gè)郵箱。”A.created創(chuàng)造；B.hung懸掛；C.placed放置；D.deserted拋棄。根據(jù)后文“thedollsmyself,butallIdidwasprovideamailbox”可知，有些人認(rèn)為是安德魯放進(jìn)去的娃娃，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“有人決定把它變成瑪麗和雪萊的家，”唐在Nextdoor網(wǎng)站上寫(xiě)道。A.building建筑物；B.nest窩；C.settlement解決；D.home家。根據(jù)后文“forMaryandShelley”以及上文可知，有人把郵筒裝飾成了娃娃的家，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：唐說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在不想知道誰(shuí)對(duì)郵箱之謎負(fù)責(zé)，他只是希望它能繼續(xù)下去。A.charged帶電的；B.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；C.fit適合的；D.eager渴望的。根據(jù)后文“forthemailboxmystery”此處指對(duì)郵箱之謎負(fù)責(zé)，即負(fù)責(zé)做了這些事情的人，故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：唐說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在不想知道誰(shuí)對(duì)郵箱之謎負(fù)責(zé)，他只是希望它能繼續(xù)下去。A.end結(jié)束；B.repeat重復(fù)；C.continue繼續(xù)；D.suffer遭受。根據(jù)后文“he’sjusthopingitwill”以及上文安德魯喜愛(ài)這個(gè)行為，可推測(cè)他希望繼續(xù)下去。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Doyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?___36___(fortunate),yourhappychildhoodisprobablyathingofthepast.Arecentsurvey____37____(find)thatmanypeoplesufferfromsleepproblems.Someareunabletofallasleep,somewakeupinthemiddleofthenight,and____38____simplydonotgetenoughsleep.Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleep____39____(be)pressurefromschoolorwork.Noisepoll