浙江省效實(shí)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第二次適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試題

2024屆浙江省效實(shí)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)第二次適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試題卷考生須知：1．本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）。滿分為150分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。2．請(qǐng)用黑色簽字筆將學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、考號(hào)分別填寫在答題卷和機(jī)讀卡的相應(yīng)位置上。第I卷（95分）第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatdoesJimprobablydo?A.Ahost. B.Abusinessman. C.Amusician.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:SoJim,you’veachievedhugesuccessinthemusicbusiness.Howdidthishappen?M:Youseeapopulartalentshowhostsawmyvideoonline,loveditandhisthousandsoffollowersthenwatchedit.Sothathelped.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afilm. B.Atrip. C.Aphoto.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thecountrysidewaswonderful.Ilikethefreshmorningair.M:Yeah,asforthevillagewewenttoyesterday,therewassomuchfogaround.Ithinkitwasagoodplaceforanadventurefilm.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Bringagift. B.Returnsomething. C.Havedinner.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:It’sreallyniceofyoutocookformetonight.W:I’mgladtodoit.You’vebeensohelpfulandit’sonlyfairthatIreturnthefavor.Ihopeyou’vebroughtyourappetite.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whendidthemangethisniece’scall?A.At5:30. B.At6:00. C.At6:20.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:SurelyIhavetomeetmynieceattherailwaystationatsixtwenty.Shecalledmehalfanhourago.Ijusthadanemergencymeeting.W:Oh,it’ssixo’clocknow.Twentyminutestogo.M:Thatisenough.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoesthemanmostlikelylive?A.InCanada. B.InNewYork. C.InCalifornia.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:MywifeandIareplanningondrivingfromCaliforniatoCanadaforafewweeks.M:That’sexciting.MyhusbandandItookacartripfromNewYorktoCanadaafewyearsago.Itwasalotoffun.第二節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Waiterandcustomer.B.Professorandstudent.C.Taxidriverandpassenger.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.ShestudiedDramaintheU.K.B.Shehasthesameaccentastheman.CSheisatourist.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:WheretoMiss?W:Themuseumofnaturalhistoryplease?Andcouldyoustopbysomefastfoodrestaurantontheway?I’dliketobuysometakeout.M:Surething.Atourist,Iguess.W:No,Iwasbornhere.Why?M:Well,youdon’thaveouraccent.W:Oh,thatisprobablybecauseI’vespentmylastfiveyearsinBritain.IstudieddramaattheuniversityofWinchester.Thereyousee.M:OK,welebacktothebigApple.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】M:Weneedtodecideexactlywhenwe’regoingtomove.Anysuggestions?W:IthinkJulywouldbethebesttime.Oursalesarealwaysdownthatmonth.Wecouldmovealltheofficeequipmentataweekend,doeverythingatonce.M:Ithinkaweekends’tooshort.Maybeweshoulddoitdepartmentbydepartment.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,eachweekadifferentdepartmentwouldmovethatway.Therewouldalwaysbepeopleheretohandlecustomerinquiries,phonecallsandsoon.W:Hmm,That’sagoodidea.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhatistheonlyproblemofFitzgerald’snewfilmaccordingtotheman?A.Itisuninteresting.B.Itlacksmusicalperformances.C.It’sonlyaimedatoneagegroup.11.WhatinstrumentdoesFitzgeraldlikebest?A.Theviolin. B.Thepiano. C.Theguitar.12.WhydomanyimportantpeopledislikeFitzgerald?A.Hedoesn’trespectotherpeople.B.Hechangeshismindquiteoften.C.Heexpresseshisviewsdirectly.13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofFitzgerald’spersonality?A.Attractive. B.Warmhearted. C.Outgoing.【答案】10.C11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】M:IthinkthenewfilmthatFitzgeralddirectedisquitegood.Theonlyproblemisthatit’saimedatteenagersonly.Itholdsnointerestforanyotheragegroup.W:IlikethegreatmusicalperformancesinFitzgerald’sfilm.He’salsoagiftedviolinistandguitarist,isn’the?M:Well,Ineverseehimplaytheviolinortheguitar.AsfarasIknow,thepianoistheonlyinstrumenthelikes.W:I’veheardthatquiteafewimportantpeopledislikehim.Doyouknowanythingaboutthis?M:Well,Fitzgerald’sexpressedhisopinionsdirectlyandthatsometimesmakesthoseimportantpeopleannoyed.Yousee,hehashisownideasaboutlifeandhedoesn’tsimplytakeonotherpeople’sbecausetheyarefamous.Indeed,itisthisveryaspectofhispersonalitythatIfindmostattractive.IthinktheonlypersonheadmiresandrespectsisFreddieTaylor.W:Thattheyhavedifferentpersonalities.Freddiehasawarmheartandheiseasytogetalongwith.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.WhatdoesSallyvaluemostaboutafterschoolactivities?A.Learningnewskills. B.Openingupnewhorizons. C.Helpinggethighergradesatschool.15.WhatdoesJasonbenefitfromdoingvoluntarywork?A.He’sdevelopedhisinterest.B.Heisemployedbyalawfirm.C.He’sgotexperienceforhisfuturecareer.16.WhydoesSallygototheschoolsportscenter?A.Tomakefriends. B.Toorganizegames. C.Topassthetime.【答案】14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Jason,doyoulikeparticipatinginafterschoolactivities?Ithinktheycanbenefitusindifferentways.M:You’reright,Sally,Ioncereadareport.Itshowedthattakingpartinafterschoolactivitiescanhelpstudentsgethighergradesatschool.Also,suchactivitiescanteachusnewskills.W:You’vegotapointthere.Well,broadeningmyhorizonsisatoppriorityforme.Sowhatafterschoolactivitydoyougotonow?M:I’mvolunteeringatalawfirm.Idreamofbeingalawyerandhavelearnedsomeskillsbyworkingthere.I’msuresuchexperiencecanhelpmakemydreametrueoneday.Whataboutyou?W:Ithinkparticipatinginthesameactivityassomeoneelseoftenmeansyouhaveasharedinterestthatcanmaketheparticipantseasiertobeefriends.Ialwaysgototheschoolsportscenter.Icanmeetmanynewpeoplewholoveplayingsports.Wealsoorganizevariousactivitiestopromotefriendship.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Totellhimaboutherwork.B.Toaskforahigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.18.Howisthebusinessofthepany?A.Worsethanbefore. B.Asgoodasbefore. C.Betterthanbefore.19.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Financialpressure.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Contributiontothepany.20.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Satisfactory. B.Disappointing. C.Justsoso.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,sir,mayItalktoyou?M:Sure,eonin.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Well,sir,asyouknow,Ihavebeenanemployeeofthisfamousfirmforovertenyears.M:Yes.W:Iwon’tbeataroundtheBush,sir.Iwouldlikearaise.IcurrentlyhavethreepaniesaftermeandsoIdecidedtotalktoyoufirst.M:Araise?Iwouldlovetogiveyouaraise,butthisisjustnottherighttime.W:IunderstandyourpositionandIknowthatthecurrenteconomicdownturnhashadanegativeimpactonsale,butyoumustalsotakeintoconsiderationmyhardworkperformanceandloyaltytothispanyforoveradecade.M:Takingintoaccountthesefactors,andconsideringIdon’twanttostartlosingqualifiedpersons,I’mwillingtoofferyouatenpercentraiseandanextrafivedaysofvacationtime.Howdoesthatsound?W:Great,it’sadeal.Thankyou,sir.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheLindaHallLibraryisopentothepublicfreeofchargeduringregularlibraryhours.Thereisnochargeforgettingalibrarycard.Patronscanrequestandusematerialsinthelibrary,providedtheitemsareingoodphysicalcondition.Tosignupforaborrowingaccount,youmustbearesidentoftheKansasCityarea.YouhavetoprovideacurrentstateorfederalphotoIDwithaKCareastreetaddress.AphotoIDplusutilitybillinyournameisneededifthecurrentaddressdiffersfromthatontheID.PatronsmustshowtheirLHLlibrarycardoraphotoIDatthetimeofcheckout.WhoCanBorrow:IndividualslivingwithintheKansasCityareaasdefinedbelow:Missouri—Bates,Caldwell,Cass,Clay,Clinton,Jackson,Johnson,Iafayette,Platte,RayKansas—Douglas,Franklin,Johnson,Leavenworth,L.inn,Miami,WyandotteEstablishedbusinesseswithintheKCarea.ContactReferenceServicesat8169268701orreference@formoreinformationaboutauthorizedborrowingforbusinesses,orfilloutourwebapplication.Studentsfaculty,andstaffparticipatinginCourtesyCardinstitutions.ContactformoreinformationabouttheCourtesyCardProgram.IfyouwishtoborrowfromtheLindaHallLibrarybutdonotmeettheabovecriteria,pleasecontactyourlocallibraryandrequesttoborrowthroughinterlibraryloanfromDocumentDeliveryServices.Formoreinformationonhowtorequestlibrarymaterials,pleaseseethisguideonMakingRequestsinPrimo.Youmaywishtoregistertoattendaninperson“NavigatingLindaHallLibrary”session.21.Whatisamustforborrowingmaterialsfromthelibrary?A.Acurrentlytakenphoto. B.Aborrowingaccount.C.Aguaranteedeposit. D.Anauthorizedapplication.22.Whichofthefollowingpersonscanborrowmaterialsfromthelibrary?A.Astudentstudyinginacollege.B.AnindividuallivinginWashington.C.ApersonworkingapanyintheKCarea.D.ApersonworkingforCourtesyCardProgram.23.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudon’tmeetthecriteriaforthelibrary?A.Filloutanapplicationonline.B.Turntoyourlocallibraryforhelp.C.Followtheofficialguidance.D.Borrowsomematerialsonline.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了琳達(dá)·霍爾圖書館辦理免費(fèi)借閱證的條件，以及具體措施?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tosignupforaborrowingaccount,youmustbearesidentoftheKansasCityarea.YouhavetoprovideacurrentstateorfederalphotoIDwithaKCareastreetaddress.(要注冊(cè)一個(gè)借閱賬戶，你必須是堪薩斯城地區(qū)的居民。您必須提供帶有KC地區(qū)街道地址的當(dāng)前州或聯(lián)邦帶照片的身份證件。)”以及“PatronsmustshowtheirLHLlibrarycardoraphotoIDatthetimeofcheckout.(讀者在圖書館把書借出時(shí)必須出示LHL借書證或帶照片的身份證件。)”可知，從圖書館借閱資料必須有借閱賬戶，借閱資料時(shí)必須出示LHL借書證或帶照片的身份證件。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhoCanBorrow:”下文中的“EstablishedbusinesseswithintheKCarea.(在KC內(nèi)所建立的企業(yè))”可知，在KC地區(qū)的公司工作的人可以從圖書館借書。故選C。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“IfyouwishtoborrowfromtheLindaHallLibrarybutdonotmeettheabovecriteria,pleasecontactyourlocallibraryandrequesttoborrowthroughinterlibraryloanfromDocumentDeliveryServices.(如果您想從琳達(dá)·霍爾圖書館借閱但不符合上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系您當(dāng)?shù)貓D書館，并請(qǐng)求通過(guò)館際互借從‘文獻(xiàn)傳遞服務(wù)’借閱。)”可知，如果你不符合圖書館的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你可以向你當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館尋求幫助，通過(guò)“文獻(xiàn)傳遞服務(wù)”申請(qǐng)館際互借。故選B。BAsahockeyparent,whilewatchingmysonplayedfromMitetoBantam,HouseLeaguetoTravel,I’velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.Inhisthirdseasonin2019,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.However,whathappenedthenextyearaddeditsstorytothelegendsofsportinginpetence.Notmerelyweakbutprettilybad,thisteamlost40oftheirfirst50games,mostofthedefeatsinginthecourseoftwolosingstreaks.Foratime,Iworriedthatthesestreakswouldkillmychild’sloveofthegame.Butthat’snotwhathappened.Asbadasitgot,thelosingwasclarifying.Itweededoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthediehardsbehind.Whatstartedasalistof17oftheteamwascutdownto12.Itwasespeciallyinstructiveforthekids.Ittaughthimagreattruthoftheworld:Foreveryonegood,thereissomeonebetter.What’smore,thekidswerelearningthegameinawaythatonlylosingcanteach.Eachplayergottoplayeverywhere,tolearnandappreciatetheroleofeverypositionontheice.Theykeptaneyeontheiropponentstoo,studyingandincorporatingthetricksofsuccess.Inanefforttobreakthestreak,theywentbacktobasics,acceptedthewisdomofthehockeyancients:Ifplayinglikeateam,theycandefeatacollectionofallstars;Ifdoingsmallandunappreciatedtaskswell,theycangetthegoal.Thisnewteamhadcharacterandcouldneverbecountedout,nomatterthescore.Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheson’steaminthethirdseasonin2019?A.Theteamhadabadperformance.B.Theteamdidn’tliveuptotheauthor’sexpectations.C.Theteamplayedtypicallywellandwonallthegames.D.Theteamdidn’thavethespiritoffacingfailure.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clarify”referto?A.Thelosingmadethekidsbetterunderstandhockey.B.Thelosinghelpedthekidslearnagreattruthoftheworld.C.Thelosingseparatedtrueplayerfromthoseplayingforglory.D.Thelosingboostedthekids’teamwork.26.Accordingtotheauthor,whathavetheson’steamlearned?A.Foreverythingbig,thereissomethingbigger.B.Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst.C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.Thehardestbattleyou’regoingtofightisthebattletobejustyou.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowKidsCanDealWithLosing B.WhatKidsCanLearnFromLosingC.WhyKidsCanBenefitFromLosing D.HowKidsCanGetOverFromLosing【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的孩子和其隊(duì)友打曲棍球，他們從不斷的失敗中學(xué)到了一些教訓(xùn)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inhisthirdseasonin2019,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.(2019年是我兒子的第三個(gè)賽季，他所在的球隊(duì)從未輸過(guò)3場(chǎng)以上的比賽。有快樂(lè)，有吹噓，有慶祝，有披薩。簡(jiǎn)而言之，這是一個(gè)典型的優(yōu)秀青年曲棍球賽季。作為一名球員，他有了進(jìn)步，但作為一個(gè)人，他并沒(méi)有太大的變化)”可知，2019年的第三個(gè)賽季，作者兒子的球隊(duì)非常優(yōu)秀，雖然失敗過(guò)，但是還是很開心，并沒(méi)有真正體會(huì)到失敗帶給他們的影響。由此推知，作者認(rèn)為兒子的球隊(duì)缺乏面對(duì)失敗的精神。故選D?！?5題詳解】指代猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“Itweededoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthediehardsbehind.(它淘汰了那些不是為了比賽，而是為了榮譽(yù)的孩子，只留下了頑固分子)”可知，雖然孩子的球隊(duì)比賽失敗，但是失敗讓一切變得很明朗，因?yàn)檫@淘汰了那些不是為了比賽，而是為了榮譽(yù)的孩子，只留下了頑固分子。由此可推知，劃線單詞clarify代指下文內(nèi)容，即失敗將真正的球員和為榮譽(yù)而戰(zhàn)的球員分開了。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.(他們學(xué)到了最重要的一課：你可以輸?shù)槐淮驍　Ｋ麄兠銖?qiáng)進(jìn)入州錦標(biāo)賽，然后一路進(jìn)入決賽，在加時(shí)賽中決出冠軍。當(dāng)他們輸?shù)舯荣?，進(jìn)入握手的行列時(shí)，他們并不是作為亞軍，而是作為一支以唯一的方式——失敗——成為贏家的球隊(duì))”可知，作者兒子的團(tuán)隊(duì)雖然失敗了，但他們不斷進(jìn)步，不斷面對(duì)更大的挑戰(zhàn)，成為更好的自己。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為，孩子們學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)是：對(duì)于強(qiáng)大的挑戰(zhàn)，要不斷進(jìn)步，因?yàn)榭傆懈筇魬?zhàn)在等著你。故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“I’velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.(我明白了輸球?qū)⒆觼?lái)說(shuō)可能是最好的)”和最后一段中的“Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.(他們學(xué)到了最重要的一課：你可以輸?shù)槐淮驍?。他們勉?qiáng)進(jìn)入州錦標(biāo)賽，然后一路進(jìn)入決賽，在加時(shí)賽中決出冠軍。當(dāng)他們輸?shù)舯荣?，進(jìn)入握手的行列時(shí)，他們并不是作為亞軍，而是作為一支以唯一的方式——失敗——成為贏家的球隊(duì))”可知，文章主要講述了作者的孩子和其隊(duì)友打曲棍球，他們從不斷的失敗中學(xué)到了一些教訓(xùn)。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“WhatKidsCanLearnFromLosing(孩子們能從失敗中學(xué)到什么)”適合作文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。CInthelate1970s,archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)uncoveredtheremainsofawomanandayoungdog,herhandrestingonthepuppy’schestina12,000yearoldvillage.Thefindissomeoftheearliestevidenceofthebondbetweenhumansanddogs.Butevenafteryearsofstudyresearchersaredividedonhowthisbondbegan.Diditariseoverthousandsofyears,asearlydogsbecametamer(馴服的)andmoreaccustomedtohumanbehaviors?Orwasthisfirealreadyburningintheancestorsofdogs:thegraywolf?ChristinaHansenWheat,abehavioralecologistatStockholmUniversity,andworkmateshandraised10graywolvesfromthetimetheywere10daysold.Whentheanimalswere23weeksold,acaregiverledthemoneatatimeintoamostlyemptyroom.Overthecourseofseveralminutes,thecaregiverexitedandenteredtheroom,sometimesleavingthewolfalone,sometimesleavingitwithapletestranger.Theteamrepeatedtheexperimentwith1223weekoldAlaskanhuskies(哈士奇),whichthey’draisedsimilarlysincepuppyhood.Forthemostpart,thescientistssawfewdifferencesbetweenthewolvesandthedogs.Whentheircaregiverenteredtheroom,bothspeciesscored4.6onafivepointscaleof“greetingbehavior”—adesiretobearoundthehuman.Whenthestrangerentered,doggreetingbehaviordroppedto4.2andwolfto3.5,onaverage,suggestingbothanimalsmadeadistinctionbetweenthepersontheyknewandtheonetheydidn’t.It’sthisdistinctionthattheteamcountsasasignofattachment.Inaddition,dogsbarelypaced—asignofstress—duringthetest,whilewolvespacedatleastpartofthetime.However,thewolvesstoppedpacingalmostentirelywhenastrangerlefttheroomandtheircaretakerreturned.HansenWheatsaysthat’sneverbeenseenbeforeinwolves.Itcouldbeasign,shesays,thattheanimalsviewthehumanswhoraisedthemasa“socialbuffer”.Forher,that’sthemostinterestingpartofthestudy.“Ifthisistrue,thissortofattachmentisnotwhatseparatesdogsfromwolves,”shesays.Inotherwords,itdidn’thavetobebredintothembyhumans,butcouldhavebeentheseedweselectedfor,andthenstrengthenedoverthousandsofyears.28.What’sthepurposeofHansenWheat’sexperiment?A.Tofindoutwhatmakesgraywolvesanddogsdifferent.B.Toexplainthereasonswhyhumansraiseddogsfromancienttimes.C.Toarguegraywolvesafterbeingtamedareeasiertokeepthandogs.D.Toprovewhethergraywolvescanmakedoglikeattachmenttopeople.29.WhatdoweknowaboutHansenWheat’sexperimentfromparagraph3and4?A.Researchersbegantoraisegraywolvesfromtheirbirth.B.Researchersusedequalnumbersofgraywolvesanddogs.C.Graywolvesfeltmorestressfulthandogswhenastrangercame.D.“Greetingbehavior”ofthetwoanimalswassignificantlydifferent.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“socialbuffer”inparagraph5mean?A.Areminderoffeeding. B.Asignofsocialattachment.C.Asourceoffortandsupport. D.Awarningofstoppingpace.31.WhatwillHansenWheatprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Dogsaremoreattachedtohumansthangraywolves.B.Itistheattachmenttohumansthatsetsgraywolvesapartfromdogs.C.Theattachmentbetweendogsandhumansistheresultofbeingtamed.D.Theattachmenttohumansplaysaroleinthechoiceofdogsorgraywolves.【答案】28.D29.C30.C31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了狼和狗與人類之間的聯(lián)系，以及它們?cè)谀吧?、陌生環(huán)境前的表現(xiàn)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段提到“Butevenafteryearsofstudyresearchersaredividedonhowthisbondbegan.Diditariseoverthousandsofyears,asearlydogsbecametamer(馴服的)andmoreaccustomedtohumanbehaviors?Orwasthisfirealreadyburningintheancestorsofdogs:thegraywolf?”（但即使經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研究，研究人員對(duì)這種聯(lián)系是如何開始的仍存在分歧。它是在幾千年的時(shí)間里，隨著早期的狗變得更馴服，更習(xí)慣人類的行為而出現(xiàn)的嗎?或者這種火已經(jīng)在狗的祖先灰狼身上燃燒了?）由此判斷，研究人員想要了解人和狗之間的親密關(guān)系是狗變得更容易馴服之后形成的還是在狗的祖先狼身上就已經(jīng)形成，即他們想證明狼是否也會(huì)和人做出像狗一樣的親密活動(dòng)。故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段提到“Whenthestrangerentered,doggreetingbehaviordroppedto4.2andwolfto3.5,onaverage,suggestingbothanimalsmadeadistinctionbetweenthepersontheyknewandtheonetheydidn’t.”（當(dāng)陌生人進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，狗的問(wèn)候行為平均下降到4.2分，狼的問(wèn)候行為平均下降到3.5分，這表明這兩種動(dòng)物都區(qū)分了它們認(rèn)識(shí)的人和不認(rèn)識(shí)的人。）由此判斷，當(dāng)狼和狗遇到陌生人的時(shí)候，他們的分?jǐn)?shù)都有所下降，尤其是狼的分?jǐn)?shù)更低，說(shuō)明狼會(huì)在陌生人面前會(huì)更加有壓力。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。第五段提到“Inaddition,dogsbarelypaced—asignofstress—duringthetest,whilewolvespacedatleastpartofthetime.However,thewolvesstoppedpacingalmostentirelywhenastrangerlefttheroomandtheircaretakerreturned.”（此外，狗在測(cè)試中幾乎沒(méi)有踱步——這是壓力的一種表現(xiàn)，而狼至少在部分時(shí)間里踱步。然而，當(dāng)一個(gè)陌生人離開房間，它們的管理員回來(lái)時(shí)，狼幾乎完全停止了踱步。）由此判斷，狼在陌生的環(huán)境和面對(duì)陌生人的時(shí)候會(huì)更加感覺到壓力，但是當(dāng)它熟悉的人回來(lái)之后，它就停止了踱步，說(shuō)明熟悉的人的緩解了它的壓力，而這個(gè)熟悉的人是帶給它支持和安慰的人。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。最后一段提到“Inotherwords,itdidn’thavetobebredintothembyhumans,butcouldhavebeentheseedweselectedfor,andthenstrengthenedoverthousandsofyears.”（換句話說(shuō)，它不必由人類培育，而可能是我們選擇的種子，然后經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)千年的強(qiáng)化。）由此判斷，狼和狗一樣對(duì)人都有依戀，只不過(guò)人類選擇了狗為載體培養(yǎng)了這顆依戀的種子，因此對(duì)于人的依戀才是最重要的。故選D。DAlmostallhumansacquireatleastonelanguagebeforetheageoffive.Howdoyoungchildrenunderstandandproduceplexsentenceswithplicatedmeanings?Doadultslearnlanguagedifferentlyfromchildren?Mostlinguistic(語(yǔ)言學(xué)的)researchersagreethatbothnatureandnurture(后天)areinvolvedinlanguageacquisition.Theydisagree,however,abouthowmuchlinguisticknowledgechildrenhavefrombirthandthuswhethergeneticsorexperienceismoreimportantinlanguageacquisition.Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.Somearguethatsomelinguisticknowledgemustexistinourbrainsfrombirthbecausechildrencannotpossiblyexperienceeveryfeatureoftheirlanguagebeforetheageoffive.Theselinguistspointoutthatnearlyallchildrencanproducethesamekindsofplexsentencestructuresbytheageoffive,evenwithouthavingheardthembefore.Manyresearchershavetheorizedwhatthisinnate(先天的)linguisticknowledgemustlooklike.Onepopulartheory(理論)isuniversalgrammar.Thistheorybelievesthatalllanguageshavethesamebasicstructuralfoundation.Thatfoundationistheinnateknowledgeuniversaltoallhumans.Whilechildrenarenotgeneticallytendingtospeakaparticularlanguage,auniversalgrammargivesthemcertainlinguisticinformationasastartingpoint,whichallowsthemtoreadilyacquiretherulesandpatternsofwhicheverlanguagetheyareexposedto.Notalllinguists,however,believethataninbornabilityforlanguageisthemostimportantfactorinlanguageacquisition.Theseresearchersplacegreateremphasisontheinfluenceofusageandexperience.Theyarguethatchildrenareexposedtoawealthoflinguisticstructuresoverthecourseoffiveyears.Theygatherdataanddeterminelanguagepatternsandstructuresfromwhattheyhaveobserved.Linguistsonbothsidesofthedebatearestillworkingtoexplainthedifferentlanguagelearningabilitiesofadultsandchildren.Earlychildhoodseemstobeanimportantperiodformasteringcertainaspectsoflanguage.Childrenalsotendtohaveaheightenedabilitytolearnsecondlanguages.Whileadultsmayhavesomeadvantageswhenstudyinginaformalclassroom，theyusuallydonotlearnsecondlanguages.Whileadultsmayhavesomeadvantageswhenstudyinginaformalclassroom,theyusuallydonotlearnasquicklyandeasilyaschildren.Arethesedifferentabilitiesaresultofdifferencesinhowadultsandchildrenareexposedtoanewlanguage?Aretheytheresultofbiologicalchanges,ordobothbiologyandexperienceeintoplay?Whileourunderstandingoflanguageacquisitionisinplete,thispursuitiswellworththeeffort.“Westilldon’tunderstandhowachildlearnsitsfirstlanguage,whysomechildrenhavelanguagedisorders,orhowchildrenandadultslearnasecondlanguage,”explainsProfessorJoanMaling.Explainingtheprocessoflanguageacquisitionpromisesnotonlytohelpscientistsanswerthesequestions,butalsotoexplainfundamentalfeaturesoflearningandthehumanbrain.32.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thecontrolofnurtureovernatureinlanguageacquisition.B.Theinfluenceofuniversalgrammarinlanguageacquisition.C.Thebestmethodsforchildrenandadultstoacquirelanguage.D.Theroleofbiologicalandenvironmentalfactorsinlanguageacquisition.33.Whatiscoveredinthesecondpartofthisarticle?A.Studyinglanguageacquisitionwillhelpunderstandlanguageandthebrainbetter.B.Someexpertsbelieveinnatefactorsexplainchildren’slanguagedevelopment.C.Someexpertsfocusontheroleofenvironmentalfactorsinlanguageacquisition.D.Acquiringalanguageisplicated,anditinvolvesbothnatureandnurture.34.Whatcanweknowaboutwhattheauthorwantsfromthe2and3paragraph?A.Presentageneralargumentandthenexplainaspecifictheory.B.Presentaspecifictheoryandthenproposeanewstudytoproveit.C.Presentageneralargumentandthendisproveanoppositeargument.D.Presentascientificdebateandthendiscusswhatalllinguistsagreeon.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph5andParagraph6?A.Toraiseopenquestionsthatalllinguistshave.B.Topresenttwodifferentviewpointsonlanguagelearning.C.Tostresstheimportanceofexperienceinlanguagelearning.D.Tointroduceadultlanguageacquisitionandshowwhyit’sunpopular.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了生物和環(huán)境因素在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得過(guò)程中的作用?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Mostlinguistic(語(yǔ)言學(xué)的)researchersagreethatbothnatureandnurture(后天)areinvolvedinlanguageacquisition.Theydisagree,however,abouthowmuchlinguisticknowledgechildrenhavefrombirth—andthuswhethergeneticsorexperienceismoreimportantinlanguageacquisition.(大多數(shù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究者一致認(rèn)為，先天和后天都與語(yǔ)言習(xí)得有關(guān)。然而，對(duì)于兒童從出生時(shí)就擁有多少語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，以及基因和經(jīng)驗(yàn)在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得中哪個(gè)更重要，他們意見不一)”及全文可知，文章主要討論了生物和環(huán)境因素在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得過(guò)程中的作用。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.Somearguethatsomelinguisticknowledgemustexistinourbrainsfrombirthbecausechildrencannotpossiblyexperienceeveryfeatureoftheirlanguagebeforetheageoffive.(對(duì)于許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，生物因素在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中是最重要的。一些人認(rèn)為，某些語(yǔ)言知識(shí)一定從出生起就存在于我們的大腦中，因?yàn)閮和谖鍤q之前不可能體驗(yàn)到他們語(yǔ)言的每一個(gè)特征)”可知，一些專家認(rèn)為，先天因素可以解釋兒童的語(yǔ)言發(fā)展。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.(對(duì)于許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，生物因素在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中是最重要的)”和第三段中“Manyresearchershavetheorizedwhatthisinnate(先天的)linguisticknowledgemustlooklike.Onepopulartheory(理論)isuniversalgrammar.(許多研究人員已經(jīng)對(duì)這種先天的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)進(jìn)行了理論化。一個(gè)流行的理論是普遍語(yǔ)法)”可知，第二段提出一個(gè)一般的論點(diǎn)，然后第三段解釋一個(gè)具體的理論，故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段和第六段，特別是第五段中“Linguistsonbothsidesoft