超強(qiáng)托?？荚噺?fù)習(xí)資料語(yǔ)法做題筆記

肯德基語(yǔ)法筆記前言托福語(yǔ)法是件體力活，多做幾遍真題，熟中就能生巧，再在做題的間隙看看語(yǔ)法書(shū)總結(jié)總結(jié)規(guī)律，語(yǔ)法部分基本上就沒(méi)有多大問(wèn)題了。但是，對(duì)于托友們來(lái)說(shuō)，最稀缺的是時(shí)間，托福真題上百套，如果真的做上3遍，恐怕即耗費(fèi)時(shí)間，也未必有效。我個(gè)人認(rèn)為，將9508以后的真題做熟足以。如果精力過(guò)剩，可以看看8901---9501的題。當(dāng)然，要想在語(yǔ)法上掙到足夠的分?jǐn)?shù)，做完題后多多總結(jié)也是極為必要的，只有不斷總結(jié)做錯(cuò)的題，才能夠?qū)⒆麇e(cuò)的數(shù)目逐步降下來(lái)，直到做錯(cuò)數(shù)為0?？系禄Z(yǔ)法筆記就是出于這樣的目的一頁(yè)一頁(yè)寫(xiě)下來(lái)的?？系禄Z(yǔ)法筆記是我自己的做題筆記。包括三部分，即9508以前的真題，9508---9910的真題和2000年以來(lái)的真題。9508以前的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在基本不考了，所以我只是收集了一些較為基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)；9508---9910主要紀(jì)錄的是語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在還很有用；2000年以來(lái)的主要是對(duì)考題新動(dòng)向的總結(jié)，以及一些較難的新題型。此筆記適合將真題做完一遍之后看，未作完一遍看筆記作用不大；整個(gè)筆記兩三個(gè)小時(shí)就可以看完，看2遍足矣，然后再做第二遍真題。至于為什么要將肯德基牽扯進(jìn)來(lái)，并非我對(duì)其中的美味情有獨(dú)鐘。我是在職考試，每天上班很忙，根本沒(méi)有時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)，即就是偶爾有空，也得偷偷摸摸的，自我感覺(jué)很不爽，于是乎，我干脆用上班的空余時(shí)間休息。于是乎，也就只剩下下班后的時(shí)間了。每天下午6點(diǎn)下班后，我先打印2套語(yǔ)法題出來(lái)，然后帶著題在小飯館里邊吃拉面邊做題，基本上一頓飯吃完，一套語(yǔ)法題也就做完了；然后，我騎上自己的單車再到附近的肯德基買杯咖啡，在人數(shù)相對(duì)稀少的二樓找個(gè)偏僻的位子坐下來(lái)，做完剩下來(lái)的一套語(yǔ)法題，并對(duì)答案，做總結(jié)，記筆記，做閱讀；晚上11點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，肯德基要打烊了，我再回到自己底價(jià)租來(lái)的簡(jiǎn)易房里，這時(shí)已經(jīng)聽(tīng)不到喧鬧聲了，我開(kāi)始做聽(tīng)力，直到2點(diǎn)半以后；早晨7點(diǎn)30在鬧鐘聲中醒來(lái)，開(kāi)始為生計(jì)奔波。周而復(fù)始一個(gè)多月下來(lái)，肯德基的waitresses基本都認(rèn)識(shí)我了，即就是到了打烊的時(shí)候，她們也不趕我走，我在一邊做題，她們?cè)谝贿呉宦暡豢缘卮驋咝l(wèi)生，這幅景象，和諧得就像在天堂里。為了表示謝意，我遂給自己的語(yǔ)法筆記取了現(xiàn)在這個(gè)名字。但愿自己的筆記對(duì)托友們有些許幫助。也算是獻(xiàn)給太傻論壇的一份感謝禮。流浪的單車09/29/03語(yǔ)法規(guī)則第一條：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)存活，前面必須加冠詞例：Iliketheflower或者Ilikeflowers.不能說(shuō)Ilikeflower.黃金規(guī)則一：謂語(yǔ)單一原則：一個(gè)句子有且只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。雙謂語(yǔ)，必有連接詞[連詞，關(guān)系代詞、副詞]；反過(guò)來(lái)，如果出現(xiàn)了連詞、關(guān)系代詞、副詞，就必須有第二個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。主句從句各有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。黃金規(guī)則二：在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式壯語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，并且從句的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成中有be動(dòng)詞，則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞一塊可以省略。例：thebuildingwas……….，whenbuilt…………。Of的用法：of前面一定是名詞。Of的后面不一定非要是名詞，但一般是名詞。簡(jiǎn)例：n1+of+n2As的后面可以跟一個(gè)從句：eg:asgoodassheis托福語(yǔ)法解題圣經(jīng)：不要懷疑題目出錯(cuò)不要想方設(shè)法讀懂題目一定要把題目讀完：因?yàn)樽钌潮蔚腻e(cuò)誤可能還在后頭副詞修飾形容詞，放在形容詞前副詞一般不修飾名詞形容詞修飾名詞放在名詞前介詞后面必有賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞后面必須有賓語(yǔ)形容詞性的物主代詞后面必須有名詞：it(them)+of+()必錯(cuò)：--〉their10、關(guān)系代詞在從句中必定作成分作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞永遠(yuǎn)不能省略需要背熟的幾個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：6個(gè)動(dòng)詞可主動(dòng)可被動(dòng):1）主動(dòng)+雙賓:name+n1+n2;2)被動(dòng)+n：n1+be-ed+n2name,call/appoint,elect,select/considerconsider的3個(gè)形式：1）+雙賓considersth+sth/assth/tobesth2）considersth+adj3)被動(dòng)+n:beconsidered+n9701,38.Mostauthoritiesconsiderbothdreamingwhilesleepanddaydreamingtobeformsoffantasy.9608,29.InTheSociologyofScience,nowconsideredaclassic,RobertMertondiscussescultural,economy,andsocialforcesthatcontributedtothedevelopmentofmodernscience9712na,27.Themoderndetectivestoryinwhichadetectivesolvesacrimebydiscoveringandinterpretationevidence,isconsideredtohaveoriginatedwithEdgarAllanPoe's"TheMurdersintheRueMorgue"9805,13.WillaCatherconsideredhernoveloflifeinnineteenth-centuryNebraska,MyAntonia,---(A)washerbestwork(B) herbestwork(C) herbestworkitwas(D) beingherbestwork9801,11Colloquialisms,---ofinformalspokenlanguage,areoftenconsideredinappropriateformoreformalwrittenlanguage.(A)expressionwhicharecharacteristic(B) whichcharacteristicexpressions(C)areexpressionscharacteristic(D)expressionscanbecharacteristic0201,38.Duringthenineteenthcenturythemoleculartheoryofmatterwasdeveloped,whichconsideredallmattertobecomposedoftiny,indivisibleentitycalledmolecules.2.6個(gè)狀從引導(dǎo)詞：when,while,if/although,though,eventhough3.后面跟不定式的6個(gè)動(dòng)詞:1）allow,permit/want,require/cause,enable+sb+todo2）如果其后沒(méi)有名詞，只有動(dòng)詞，則+doing3）be+-ed+todosth:heispermittedtogotolearn4.后面是that引導(dǎo)的名從：I[think,believe,agree,estimate,discover,demonstrate,illustrate,show,state,indicate]+that5.常跟that同謂語(yǔ)的名詞：discovery,decision,evidence,observation,statement,opinion,thought,idea,truth,conclusion,news,hope,explation,doubt6.常跟doing的動(dòng)詞avoid,enjoy,mind,keep(on),celebrate,finish,spend,giveupcannothelpdoingsthcannotstanddoingsthhavedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthhaveahard/difficulttime(in)doingsthbeskillful/skilledat/indoingsth7.make的4種用法：1）makesthimpossible2)makeimpossiblesth[賓語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)]3)makeitimpossibleto/that[形式賓語(yǔ)]4)maken1+n2雙賓Before8901:1.most的5種形式：1)mostof+n/ns2)most+n/ns3)themost+adj+n[只此+the]4)most+adj+than比較結(jié)構(gòu)5）themost+adj+介詞短語(yǔ)[范圍]:形容詞名詞化2.alike和like,unlikelike介詞，nolike;alike表語(yǔ)形容詞notalike，alike可做名詞的后置定語(yǔ)3.less/much+不可數(shù)few/many+可數(shù)4.比較級(jí)前面的副詞：much,alittle,far,no,5.enough的用法：1)enough+n+todo2)adj/adv+enough+todo6.復(fù)合介詞是否完整：accordingto/inaccordancewith/alongwith/apartfrom/asto/bymeansof/intermsof[根據(jù)]inspiteof/owningto/withregardto/forthesakeof/inlinewith/inviewof[由于/考慮到]inadditionto/asaresultof7.1)learn+from+n;2)learn+how/what/when/where從句8901-95051．1)much+n[不可數(shù)];many+ns2)much+比較級(jí)；very+形容詞原型3)much+過(guò)分；very+現(xiàn)分2．theAofB+v+o:v與of前的名詞A數(shù)一致，A是中心詞，B修飾A3.三個(gè)表示“而不是”的詞組，只考搭配，不考意思：otherthan;ratherthan;insteadof4.改錯(cuò):beyondfarfarbeyond5.動(dòng)詞前有be,后面要么被動(dòng)-ed，要么進(jìn)行；看見(jiàn)by,往前查動(dòng)詞；看見(jiàn)-ed,往前找be/been6．中間不加冠詞：atbirth,atadult,atfirst,atlastinfuture,innature,inhistory,inadolescence[青年時(shí)期]7.只考四種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)[進(jìn)行時(shí)不考]in+過(guò)去時(shí)間：過(guò)去時(shí)after+過(guò)去時(shí)間/事：過(guò)去時(shí)before+過(guò)去時(shí)/事：過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadsince……：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have,has8．a(chǎn)t----time:是固定搭配atonetime,atsometime,9．prove主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：三種形式1）s+provetobe/do2)s+prove+that從句3)s+prove+n短語(yǔ)feedon/upon:以……為食主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：theadultbeefeedsonflower.feed:n.草料v.10.冠詞+n+介詞：?？?題scholarstendtocite1831asthestartedofunitedstatesabolitionistmovement.startedstart11.比較級(jí)than前后助動(dòng)詞嚴(yán)格對(duì)應(yīng)----take---than/do----havesth----than/do,have,has----is----than/is,am,was,were12.self不可以單獨(dú)使用，herself等13．后面沒(méi)有比較范圍時(shí)，形容詞最高級(jí)相當(dāng)于形容詞，前面不加theSaltlakecity,Utah’scapitalandlargestcity,is[industrial]andbankingcenterindustrialanindustrial,由于中間插入語(yǔ)干擾，單數(shù)名詞center前少冠詞14．Since+從句---〉原因since+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)—〉自從，完成時(shí)15．Fiveyearsorolder,fiveinchesortaller,依次類推，固定搭配16．Thatarepositive,negative,orboth.固定格式17．nearlyadv幾乎不near—〉介詞，接近18.四個(gè)常被動(dòng)：bebasedon/belocatedin/beassociatewith/beconcertedin19．ManyofthesciencefictionpublicationsbyRayBradburydisplayadesiretorebelagainstsociety’sdependonmachines.dependdependence.publication:出版物，可數(shù)20.花費(fèi)時(shí)間金錢等：1)ittakesb+sometimes+todosth2)ittakesomtimes+forsbtodosth21.年代的固定格式：between1906and1908;throughoutthe1930’s;sincethe1980’s;from1990to/until1993;datingbackto1980;inthelate1880’s，intheearly1880’s22.Paperisstrongundertensioninsteadcrumpleseasilyunderthestressofcompression.經(jīng)?？?insteadbut;while+n常錯(cuò)，while是連詞，應(yīng)該跟從句或省略的從句[分詞]whileduring23.形容詞短語(yǔ)后置修飾名詞：n1+necessaryfor+n:theactionnecessaryforchewingandswallowingn1+typicalof+n:24.bymeansof,asameansof,intermsof，means[方式]無(wú)論在任何時(shí)候都用復(fù)數(shù)25.thearchitectruralisperhapsthemostcomplexofthearts.26.形容詞：1）單獨(dú)修飾名詞：名詞前2）形容詞短語(yǔ)：后置名詞后3）5個(gè)表語(yǔ)形容詞后置修飾名詞：afraid,aware,asleep,alone,alikeapersonalone/alonelyperson29.control:n.v.控制controlboard:控制臺(tái)control是名詞修飾名詞safetyglass:安全玻璃safety是名詞8901-9505portrait:n.肖像portray:v.描繪portrayal:n.描繪wealth:n.大量wealthy:a.health:n.avarietyof+nsvarietiesofvarious+nsmertial:n.survival:n.mineral:n.arrival:n.healthy:a.fair:a.美麗/公正的fairly:ad公正地/相當(dāng)?shù)豰ental:n.portrayal:n.rust:n.v.銹/生銹rusty:a.生銹的/腦子遲鈍的difficult:a.difficulty:n.difficultyindoingsthbase:v.bebasedonbasis:n.onthebasisofdemand:n.v.需求ademandforsupply:n.v.供應(yīng)talent:n.才能talented:a.shine:v.發(fā)光shiny:a.represent:v.代表representive:n.代表representor:n.陳述者fly:v.飛flight:n.imagine:v.想象image:n.imaginary:a.great+n非常greatly+vvery+a/adgood:a.well:ad[身體好/事情順a.]hard:a.ad努力地hardly:ad幾乎不mere:a.merely:adonthegroundinfreezingpoint凝結(jié)點(diǎn)boilingpoint沸點(diǎn)timezone時(shí)區(qū)[可數(shù)]safety[n.]glass安全玻璃—〉其它有關(guān)“安全”都用名詞safetyintellectual:n.知識(shí)分子a.知識(shí)的individual:n.個(gè)人a.個(gè)人的function:n.cess:n.v.thebrainprocessawealthofinformationtall具體的高，樹(shù)/人high抽象的高，數(shù)字/溫度/濕度/高度vapor=vapour:n.蒸汽vaporize=evaporatev.蒸發(fā)transparent透明的translucent半透明的opaque不透明的，模糊的complex:a.復(fù)雜的complexity:n.復(fù)雜complexion:n.膚色/面色/氣色complexioned:a.臉色的fair-complexion:a.氣色好的asidefromadesiretodobeessentialtodoingbeburiedinmud被埋在泥里varyinbecommontosthranginsthfrom---to---composedofbeindifferenttosb/sth漠不關(guān)心not----but-------對(duì)舉incessant:a.不斷的/不停的light:n.光/燈a.發(fā)光的/輕的v.點(diǎn)燃lightly:ad輕輕地9508-00102、thecalliopeisapartoffairs,gatherings,andothersuchactivities3、the–est+n/ns+of,most+n/ns,mostof+n/ns:最高級(jí)和most后可單數(shù)，可復(fù)數(shù)總結(jié)：much+不可數(shù),many+ns:much后不可數(shù)，many后復(fù)數(shù),eachof+ns普樣1.less+-er+than:比較級(jí)重復(fù)，修飾比較級(jí)用much,alittle,far,no常考2．n+n:兩個(gè)名詞不見(jiàn)面,中間必須加prep1)animationisatechniqueforcreativitytheillusionoflifeininanimatethings.普樣1.242)mostofthedamagepropertyattributedtothesanFranciscoearthquakeof1906resultedfromthefirethatfollowed.普樣1.383.damage:n.v.adamagetosthainspirationforsth:是產(chǎn)生---的靈感inproportiontosth:與---成比例paytributetosth/sb:歸因于----good:a.修飾名詞------well:ad.修飾動(dòng)詞itabsorbsgasesgood:----verywelldense:a.密集的denseness:n.密集density:n.密度mass:n.質(zhì)量，大多數(shù)massive:a.厚重的massify:v.使成為整體maximum:a.n.[pl]maximamaximal:a.minimum:a.n.[pl]minimaminimal:a.listen—主動(dòng)—listened/hear—被動(dòng)---heard,heardsecret:n.a.秘密invent:v.invention:v.inventor:人avarietyof,varietiesof,various:a.vary:v.varyin--在—方面不同aneyewitnesstosthregardsthassthlightanddarkness:light:a.n.4.instage,intelevision,infilm中間不加the;intheworld中間不能缺the5.deprivesbofsth:剝奪了某人的某事6.thus是一個(gè)并列連詞amicrophoneenablesmusicaltonestobeamplified,thusmakingitpossiblethegentlerenditionsofsoftsongsinlargehall.普樣2.277.strivetodosth,strive-strove-striven8.itis/was---------that/who-------:強(qiáng)調(diào)句9.由whereas，after，before引導(dǎo)的狀從開(kāi)始考10.改錯(cuò)?？紈hileàduring:while+句子，during+n11.改錯(cuò)sayàtell95081.since+某件事發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)，不加時(shí)間短2.vote主動(dòng)，sb[選民]voteforpresidentelect被動(dòng)，sbbeelectedpresident3.連詞重復(fù)：新題不考主語(yǔ)重復(fù)，whenapearliscutinhalfandexaminedunderamicroscope,butitslayerscanbeseen4.表示兩端、頂點(diǎn)、極端的名詞前加the,theendof,thebeginningof,thebottomof,thetopof,5.頭尾用單數(shù)head,tail;腿牙用復(fù)數(shù)legs,teeth6.use的用法：1）人做主語(yǔ)sbusesthtodosth2)sthbeusedbysbtodosth 3)sthbeinusebysb4)v[find]+sth+useful+todosth/forsth5)n+usefulforsth:useful后置修飾名詞7．指人身體的某個(gè)部位時(shí)，前面加thethehumanhead,thehumanbody8.minimum:n.a.maximum:n.a.aminimumof,aminimum+n+ofminimal:a.maximal:a.9510如果空格在句首，that和動(dòng)詞原形打頭的選項(xiàng)不選2．肯定：as---as-----,否定：so----as----3.svo-------。svo后不定式從不選主謂賓后不定式只有兩種：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞固定搭配/特殊的賓語(yǔ)abilitytodo,first/last—todo4.數(shù)詞與量詞中間不可隔開(kāi)：anearlyhundredlargestumps----nearlyahundred/hundreds5.alotoflotsofanumberof+nsnumbersof+nsavarietyofvarietiesofasetofsetsof6.thecapitalofunitedstates,originallynewyorkcity,wasmovedtoPhiladelphiawherestayeduntil18001)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)變成對(duì)整個(gè)句子的修飾，用副詞originallynewyorkcity2)定從關(guān)系副詞where,when后應(yīng)該有主謂wherestayeduntil18003)定從關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省itisaboyhaveeatentheapple7.among出現(xiàn)9次，8次錯(cuò)amongàduring,whileàduringduringwhen9601naownn1ton2:將n1歸功于n2catchsb’sattention:引起某人的注意giveacluetosth:為---提供線索benotedforsth:因?yàn)?--而出名9601[96年的題是新題的代表]托夫的三大句式1．-----svo.無(wú)逗號(hào)時(shí)，直接與后面的主語(yǔ)搭配：形，冠，介結(jié)，所有格[no是形容詞]-----,svo.有逗號(hào)時(shí)，次要成分填充:分詞，不定式，狀從[6個(gè)詞]，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)分詞與不定式的區(qū)別：2．svo,--------。中間有逗號(hào)，選賓語(yǔ)定從，狀從，同位[名詞性詞組]，分詞短語(yǔ)svo--------。中間無(wú)逗號(hào)，選賓語(yǔ)定從svo----后不用考慮不定式，不直接跟動(dòng)詞原型，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)盡管排除3．s,----,vo.插入語(yǔ),次要成分填充：名，形，介，定，分4．1)主動(dòng)：sthneedtobedone2)被動(dòng)：sthbeneededtodo5.themajorityof+ns6.分詞的區(qū)別2個(gè)：please,interest人作主語(yǔ)-ed;物作主語(yǔ)-ing7.connectn1andn2withn3:用n3連接n1和n28.?？紅hrough----〉throughoutthrough:穿過(guò)/通過(guò)throughout:所有，全部96051．-----that.that前空格：先判定that是否作成分，即that后是否svo俱全1）that后svo俱全：that不做成分，that引導(dǎo)的是后面的名從空格填：a)主謂，b)itbe+a/-ed2)that后svo不俱全，that做成分，that引導(dǎo)的是后面的定從空格處：that前必為名詞2．氣體、學(xué)科、天體名詞單獨(dú)使用，前面不加冠詞，后面有限定修飾時(shí)，可以加the序數(shù)詞前應(yīng)加the:nineteenthcenturythenineteenthcentury3.purpose/goalistodo4.findsthusefultodo5.respond[v.]to/inresponse[n.]to6.Somepsychologistsbelievethatthosewhoareencouragedtobeindependent,responsible,andcompetentinchildhoodarelikelymorethanotherstobecomemotivatedtoachieve.[29]likelymoremorelikely考過(guò)n次7.?？迹簉efined:a.[人]優(yōu)雅的/[物]精致的refine:v.提煉9608雙謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞中間無(wú)逗號(hào)，從句充當(dāng)成分[主從/賓從]，what,how常考中間有逗號(hào)，狀從2.1）after+n/prep+doing:介詞2）after+svo連詞3．becreditedwithtakecreditfor4.改錯(cuò)新題型：1）定從省主語(yǔ)2）定從無(wú)謂語(yǔ)Anygroupthatconductingitsmeetingusingparliamentaryruleswillencountersituationswhereprescribedprocedurescannotbeapplied.[34]5．farm:n.農(nóng)莊v.耕種campaign:v.參加競(jìng)選n.競(jìng)選活動(dòng)6.時(shí)態(tài)一致：Bacterialivedinthesoilplayavitalroleinrecyclingthecarbonandnitrogenneededbyplants.[30]9610not和no同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，永遠(yuǎn)選no2.evidence,belief,fact+that同謂語(yǔ)從句3．1）mean:v.意味著a.卑賤的，小氣的2）means:n.方式3）meaning:n.意義4．Inmedicine,certainplasticshaveimportantusesbecausetheydonotaffectedbychemicalsinthebody,andtheydonotharmthebody.[27]助動(dòng)詞混用，by是信號(hào)詞，其前應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)----〉arenotaffectedby其它信號(hào)詞：and,or,but,thus,oneof,-ed,by9612naadaptedfordoingsth:適應(yīng)作某事music:n.音樂(lè)[不可數(shù)]3．Papier-machefiguresbyStephenHensen,whichtheycheerfullydepictedlifeintheInformationAge,werethefocusofanexhibitattheMuseum在定從中，which+不完整句子，prep+which+完整句子。此句which+完整句，錯(cuò)4．Pharmacistfilldrugprescriptions,keepingrecordsofthedrugstheirpatientsaretakingtomakesurethatharmfulcombinationsarenotprescribed.[39]97011．Settheworldrecord:創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄2．n+relatedto與—有關(guān),分詞后置修飾前面的名詞3．svo后緊跟動(dòng)詞原型，不選[填空]svo后緊跟謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，改為分詞[改錯(cuò)]4．substitutefor：n.替代品v.代替initiative:a.起始的/初步的n.主動(dòng)性/積極性97051．bear:n.狗熊v.具有/生小孩2.bare[a.]of:缺乏,常后置修飾名詞nativetosth:本土于---,常后置修飾名詞usefulfor,relatedto,necessaryfor,highin+n,richin,unknowntosth,3.enjoy+doing97081.persuade的2種用法：1）persuadesbtodosth:勸某人做某事2）persuadesbthat+從句：使某人相信-----2．well只在表身體好時(shí)作表語(yǔ)形容詞，Ifeelwell[fine],其它時(shí)候都作副詞good是形容詞，在n前修飾名詞verywell是副詞，放在動(dòng)詞后3.未來(lái)50年：thenext50years,thefollowing50years4．beknownfor因?yàn)?--而出名=benotedforbeknownas+職位/頭銜：被當(dāng)作---而為人所知5.[21].Asmilecanbeobserved,described,andreliablyidentify,itcanalsobeelicitedandmanipulatedunderexperimentalconditions.[31]. Turquoise,whichfoundinmicroscopiccrystals,isopaquewithawaxyluster,varyingincolorfromgreenishgraytoskyblue.總結(jié)：看見(jiàn)-ed和過(guò)去分詞，想到被動(dòng)，向前找be,been6.[14].Indigoisavatcolor,_____calledbecauseitdoesnotdissolveinwater.(A)whichit(B)itis(C)but(D)so9710固定搭配是考點(diǎn)：begintodosth,associatedwith,beconcernedwithsth/sb2．a(chǎn)smanyas+數(shù)詞+nsasmuchas+數(shù)詞+不可數(shù)3．locate常被動(dòng)，無(wú)進(jìn)行belocatedin4.align:v.排成一排beinalignment:排隊(duì)5．Inshapeof,withtheaidof,withthegiftof:具有---的天賦6.not------but------7．intense:a.強(qiáng)烈的---intensely:adv---intensify:v.增強(qiáng)---intensity:n.強(qiáng)烈---intension:n.緊張characteristic:n.特征a.特有的characterize:v.刻畫(huà)人物character:n.特征becharacteristicof:代表------的特征narrative:n.敘述/記敘文a.敘述的ripe:a.成熟的ripen:v.使成熟manufacture:n.v.制造/加工income,information不可數(shù)30.ThebestAmericanpopularmusicbalancesapowerfulemotionsofyouthwithtenderness,grace,andwit.a/an劃線1)元音與輔音2）后面名詞是否為單數(shù)39. Themanufactureofautomobilewasextremelyexpensiveuntilassembly-linetechniquesmadethemcheapertoproduce.[新題代詞不劃線指代的名詞劃線，只要看見(jiàn)代詞，向前查名詞]9712na1.fidelitytosth忠誠(chéng)于[11].Thefirstpeopletolivein____HawaiiwerethePolynesians,whosailedthereinlargecanoesfromotherPacificIslandsabout2,000yearsago.(A)nowwhereis(B)whatisnow(C)itisnow(D)nowthisis[25].ThesuperintendentofwomennursefortheUnionArmyduringtheCivilWarwasDorotheaDix.因?yàn)榍懊媸莣omen復(fù)數(shù)，所以----nurses2．Detective:n.偵探a.偵查的superintendent:n.主管a.管理監(jiān)督的3.eachof+ns,each+n4.1)appear+adj2)appear+todo29.Eachmajorstylesofarchitectureemergedbecausenewproblemsinbuildingorchallengesindesignappearedforarchitectstoresolve.38.Althoughmostspeciesofsmallbirdsgatheringroupsatfeedersprovidedbybird-watchers,thebrightredadrenalsusuallyappearsaloneorwithitsmate.5.nature表示大自然時(shí)，不加冠詞40.HenryDavidThoreauwasanAmericanwriterwhoisrememberedforhisfaithintheeligioussignificanceofthenature.980127. In1965RodolfoGonzaleshasestab1ishedanorganizationcalledtheCrusadeForJusticeinDenver1．a(chǎn)dvocate:v.提倡/擁護(hù)n.提倡者2．a(chǎn)rea,neighborhood可數(shù)，常復(fù)數(shù)3.despite劃線，從來(lái)沒(méi)有對(duì)過(guò)4．Bepopularwith流行于--人群5.fromone+n+toanother6．Becharacteristicof:代表------的特征98051．dedicatetodoingsth2.consider的3種用法：1)consider+n1+n2/asn2[雙賓]2)consider+sth+tobesth3)consicdersth+adj4．Jupiterisagaseousplanetwithanatmospherecomposedmostofhydrogenandhelium.[19]composedofsth.most修飾介詞短語(yǔ)of,用副詞mostly5.Ordinarybeaverdamsvaryinlengthfromafewfeettoahundredfeetormorethan.[26]句子后面經(jīng)常加or+-er結(jié)尾6.ChallottePerkinsGilmanIsknownprimarilyasanauthorofshortstories,butshealsowroteaninfluentialbookarguedforequaleconomicopportunitiesforwomen.[30]bookargued:應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)現(xiàn)分7．Insteadoftooth,thebluewhalehasarowofbonyplatesinitsmouththatfunctionsasafood-collectingdevice.[33]tooth應(yīng)該和has單復(fù)數(shù)一致8．a(chǎn)ttimes--偶爾atatime---一次[34]atthetime在當(dāng)時(shí)9．consistof固定搭配translatesthintosth/translateintosth10.only后面未必都要加單數(shù)[36]11.Sincethe1950's,folk'musichashadasignificantinfluenceonmanypopularvocalandinstrumentalmusic.[40]music是不可數(shù)，manymuch98081.believethat,statethat,indicatethat,2.beliefthat,statementthat,3.mosaic:n.馬賽克，可數(shù)4．Beinvoledin:專注于5．Ornamental:n.觀賞植物a.觀賞性的14.thelensesinanopticalmicroscopebendthelightpassingthroughaspecimentoformanimageofthatspecimenthatismuchlarger--------actuallyviewed.a.thanitb.thantheonec.onethand.thanonewhich比較級(jí)后半句的替代詞：that不可數(shù)，theone單數(shù)，those復(fù)數(shù)9808na9.Thedawnredwoodappears___some100millionyearsagoinnorthernforestsaroundtheworld.(A)wasflourished(B)havingtoflourish(C)tohaveflourished(D)haveflourishedappearto動(dòng)詞不定式14.FranklinD.Rooseveltwas___thegreatforceofradioandtheopportunityitprovidedfortakinggovernmentpoliciesdirectlytothepeople.(A)asthefirstPresidentheunderstoodfully(B)thefirstpresidentthattofullyunderstand(C)thefirstPresidentfullyunderstood(D)thefirstPresidenttounderstandfully23.Inthe1970’sconsumeractivitiessucceededinpromotinglawsthatsetsafetystandardsforautomobiles,children’sclothingandawidelyrangeofhouseholdproducts.24.ZoosinNewOrleans,SanDiego,Detroit,andtheBronxhavebecomebiologicalparkswhereanimalsroamsfreeandpeoplewatchfromacrossamoat.26.TheRockyMountainswereexploredbyfurtradersduringtheearly1800’s,inadecadesprecedingtheUnitedStatesCivilWar.Preceding:prep在---之前28.Eachchemicalelementischaracterizedtothenumberofprotonsthatanatomofthatelementcontains,calleditsatomicnumber.34.Aseismographrecordsoscillationofthegroundcausedbyseismicwaves,vibrationsthattravelfromitspointoforiginthroughtheEarthoralongitssurface.找到每個(gè)代詞的指代對(duì)象40.Governmentmoneyappropriatedforartinthe1930’smadepossiblehundredsofmuralsandstatuesstilladmirationinsmalltownsallovertheUnitedStates.appropriatedfor:撥款資助-----98107.Copper______usedbyhumansandissecondonlytoironinitsutilitythroughtheages.(A)thefirstmetal(B)wasthefirstmetal(C)thefirstmetalthat(D)beingthefirstmetal14.Today______littlefossilivoryremainscomesfromAlaska.(A)what(B)which(C)thereis(D)where20.Ithasbeenestimatedthatduringeverysecondofourlife,10,000,000redbloodcellsdiedandarereplacedbynewones.時(shí)態(tài)平行die26.Incorporatedin1828,Louisville,Kentucky,wasnamedfromKingLouisXVIofrecognitionofhishelpduringtheRevolutionaryWar.nameafter29.MeridiansoflongitudeandparallelsoflatitudeformgridthatcanbeusedtolocatethepositionofanypointontheEarth'ssurface.grid33.Initspurestatealuminumisaweakmetal,butwhencombinedwithelementssuchascopperormagnesium,itisformedalloysofgreatstrength.Form:v.形成，物作主語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)38.Greenpeace,aninternationalorganizationofenvironmentalactivistsfoundedbyCanadians,usesnonviolentmeanstoprotestandblockactivitiesitconsidersenvironmentallyharm.990114. Springwateris_____clean.,sinceithasbeenfilteredthroughpermeablerocks,butallspringwatercontainssomedissolvedminerals.(A)generallyfair(B)generallyfairly(C)ingeneralfair(D)generalandfairfair:a.美麗的，公正的fairly:adv.相當(dāng)?shù)兀豰ost:a.adv.最---[最高級(jí)]mostly:adv.主要地，大部分，通常16. Citrusfruitsthriveinquiteverytropicalclimates.climate:可數(shù)20. TheasphaltdepositsofLaBreaTarPitinCaliforniahaveyieldedfossilsofnumerousanimalofthePleistoceneepoch,includingthegiantgroundsloth.various+ns,numerous+ns26. Judgmentsmadeinacriminalcasescanusuallybeappealedtoahighercountwhichcaneitheroverturnorupholdalowercourtruling.28. Thewingspreadofvariousspeciesofbatsrangefromoverfivefeettolessthantwoinches.34. Becausematerialorganicdecaysslowlyinpeat,theremainsofprehistoricanimalsareoftenfoundinthedepthsofpeathogs. organ:n.組織/器官organic:a.35. Usuallyanatomhavingone,two,orthreeelectronsinitsvalencebandreadilycontributeslectronstoandreceiveelectronsfromneighboringatoms.39. MercuryissomuchclosetotheSunthatitisusuallyinvisibleintheglareoftheSun'srays.much的2種用法：1)much+不可數(shù)2)much+比較級(jí)在so-----that----結(jié)構(gòu)中，so,that中間只用形容詞原型9905Playanimportantpartindoingsth:n1+highin+n2:highinsth引導(dǎo)的形容詞短語(yǔ)后置修飾名詞foodshighinfat1.Classicallogicischaracterizedbyaconcernforthestructureandelementsofargument_______thatthought,language,andrealityareinterrelated.(A)basedonthebelief(B)onthebeliefbased(C)beliefbasedonthe(D)thebasedbeliefonbecharacterizedby,becharacteristicof[可后置修飾名詞]believe+that,belief+that3.Heatenergymaybeabsorbedorreleasedwhen______whileworkisdoneonorbythesystem.(A)changesintheinternalenergyofasystem(B)bychangingtheinternalenergyofasystem(C)theinternalenergyofasystemthatchanges(D)theinternalenergyofasystemchanges三謂語(yǔ)句11.Currenthealthguidelinesrecommendthatpeoplerestricttheirconsumption_______.(A)foodsofhighinfat(B)offoodsinfathigh(C)offoodshighinfat(D)infoodshighoffathighin,richin后置修飾名詞,fat:n.12.WaltWhitmanoriginatedadistinctiveformoffreeversethatsetshisworkapartfrom_______ofallotherpoets.(A)what(B)that(C)how(D)it[15].Tools,aworkshop,andsomestoragespacewere_______forearlyexperimentsinaviation.(A)requiredallthat(B)allthatwasrequired(C)alltherequirementsthat(D)suchthatalltherequirements[16].AmajorrailroadjunctioninIllinois,Decaturhasbecameanimportantcommercialhubfortheregion’sfarmproductsandlivestock.livestock:n.家畜[單復(fù)同形]cattle:n.畜牲[單復(fù)同形]become---became---become[31].Amatrilinealextendedfamilyconsistsofcoregroupofmales,theirwives,andtheirunmarrieddaughters.[34].Inthe1930’sfewmajororchestrasintheUnitedStateshiredwoman,somanychosetoperforminamateurmusicalgroupsasanalternative.alternative:n.a.[36].Whenapianokeyboardissubstitutedforbuttonsonrightsideofanaccordion,theinstrumentisknownasapianoaccordion.表示方位[前后左右]的詞前面加the,theright/left,[40].Freesiaplantsreachaheightoftwoandone-halffeetandthrivebestattemperatureof50degreesto60degreesFahrenheit.temperature是可數(shù)名詞[27].Onlythefemaleandtheworkerwaspsareequippedwithasting,whichtheyuseittoattacktheirpreyortoprotectthemselvesagainstenemies.新題?？缄P(guān)系代詞重復(fù)99081．givebirthtosh:產(chǎn)生2.playaroleinsth/doingsth:起作用3．favorite:n.最喜歡的東西a.最喜歡的/favor:n.好感v.最喜歡2.BobStephenson,abiologistinAlaskawhostudiestheCanadianlynx,atypeofwildcat,haslearned_______fromstudyingtheirtracksinthesnow.(A)howlynxhunt(B)lynxhunthow(C)howhuntlynx(D)lynxhowhunt3._______Layeggs,butsomegivebirthtoliveyoung.(A)Althoughmostinsects(B)Mostinsects(C)Despitemostinsects(D)Mostinsectsthat8.SteelmagnateAndrewCarnegieusedpartofhiswealth_______morethan2,500publiclibrariesinEnglish-speakingcountriesbetween1881and1919.(A)helpedinbuilding(B)helpedhimtobuilding(C)tohelpbuild(D)hishelpinbuildingusesthtodosth,causesbtodosth經(jīng)?？?3._______incaseswherespecialoxidantsareused,firesaretheresultofafuelrapidlycombiningwiththeoxygenintheair.(A)Thereare(B)Eventhough(C)How(D)Except19.Yogurtcontainsahigherpercentageoflacticacidthananotherfermentedmilks,anditisrichinB-complexvitamins.richin,highin后置修飾名詞23.Eachstanzaofapoemhasarepeatablepatternofmeterandrhymeandisnormallydivisionfromthefollowingstanzabyablankline.25.Inmanyareasoftheworld,peopleneedclothingforprotectiontheweather.Protectsthfrom:保護(hù)---使不受sth傷害27.Physiologically,theperiodofadolescenceismarkedbyactivegrowth,especiallyintheskeletalandmuscularsystemsandinacertainvasculartissues.32.Inthefieldofactingtheory,controversyarisesoverthequestionofwhetherisactingabehavioraloramentalprocess.33.Shortwaveradiosthatcanreceiveandtransmitsignalsareusedbypilots,thepolice,andamateuroperator.+37.Tothosewhofavoritefreetrade,therevivalofbartercansuggestnothinglessthanadisaster.+38.IntheUnitedStates,about75percentofthetotaltomatoescropisprocessedintojuice,cannedtomatoes,sauces,pastes,andketchup.名詞修飾名詞，第一個(gè)名詞用單數(shù)，除過(guò)women,men用復(fù)數(shù)++40.Petrographyconcernsprimarilywiththedetaileddescriptionandclassificationofrocks,whereaspetrologydealsprimarilywithrockformation.9910as+從句[倒裝]other/another是形容詞性的不定代詞，不單獨(dú)使用.one---another對(duì)舉除外如果前面有are等復(fù)數(shù)標(biāo)志，后面不用another,而用othersanotheràotherscomeinto+n/-ing：comeintobeing成形almost一般與all連接almostall;如果出現(xiàn)almostevery時(shí)，檢查every后n的單復(fù)數(shù)several+nscertain+ns?report:n.v./reporter:人hunt:n.v./hunter:人speed:n./speedy:a.strong:a./修飾分詞用adv,修飾動(dòng)名詞用adjdealwith當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)---dealswith5.Historicallinguistsstudy______overtime.(A)languagesevolve(B)whetherlanguageevolution(C)howlanguagesevolve(D)evolutionthatlanguages13.Pureironcannotbehardenedbyheatingandcooling,as______,becauseironlacksthenecessarycarbon.(A)steelitcan(B)cansteel(C)withsteelcan(D)socansteel as+倒裝從句14.Rapidsandwaterfalls,______alongvirtuallyallMassachusettswaterways,providedpowerincolonialtimesforgristandsawmillsandlaterfortextilemills.(A)common(B)werecommon(C)which,beingcommon(D)beingcommon,were16.AlargecollectionsofmaterialsfocusedonLouisiana’shistoryandc