倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文

1、Warehouse Management Systems (WMS )The evoluti on of warehouse man ageme nt systems (WMS) is very similar to that of many other software solutions. Initially a system to control movement and storage of materials within a warehouse, the role of WMS is expanding to including light manu facturi ng, tra

2、n sportati on man ageme nt, order man ageme nt, and complete accounting systems. To use the grandfather of operations-related software, MRP, as a comparison, material requirements planning (MRP) started as a system for pla nning raw material requireme nts in a manu facturi ng en vir onment.Soon MRPe

3、volved into manufacturing resource planning (MRPII), which took the basic MRP system and added scheduli ng and capacity pla nning logic. Eve ntually MRPII evolved into enterprise resource planning (ERP), incorporating all the MRPII functionality with full finan cials and customer and ven dor man age

4、me nt fun ctio nality.Now,whether WMS evo Iving in to a warehouse-focused ERP system is a good thi ng or not is up to debate. What is clear is that the expansion of the overlap in functionality between Warehouse Management Systems, Enterprise Resource Planning, Distribution Requirements Planning, Tr

5、ansportation Management Systems, Supply Chain Planning, Advaneed Planning and Scheduling, and Manufacturing Execution Systems will only in crease the level of con fusi on among compa nies look ing for software soluti ons for their operati ons.Even though WMS continues to gain added functionality, th

6、e initial core functionality of a WMS has not really changed. The primary purpose of a WMS is to con trol the moveme nt and storage of materials within an operati on and process the associated transactions. Directed picking, directed replenishment, and directed put away are the key to WMS. The detai

7、led setup and processing within a WMS can vary sig nifica ntly from one software ven dor to ano ther, however the basic logic will use a comb in ati on of item, locati on, qua ntity, unit of measure, and order information to determine where to stock, where to pick, and in what sequence to perform th

8、ese operati ons.At a bare minimum, a WMS should:Have a flexible locatio n system.Utilize user-defi ned parameters to direct warehouse tasks and use live docume nts to execute these tasks.Have some built-in level of integration with data collection devices.Do You Really Need WMS?Not every warehouse n

9、 eeds a WMS. Certa inly any warehouse could ben efit from some of the fun ctio nality but is the ben efit great eno ugh to justify the in itial and ongoing costs associated with WMS? Warehouse Management Systems are big, complex, data intensive, applications. They tend to require a lot of initial se

10、tup, a lot of system resources to run, and a lot of ongoing data man ageme nt to con ti nue to run. That s right, you need to manage your wehrouse management system. Often times, large operations will end up creating a new IS department with the sole resp on sibility of managing the WMS.The Reality:

11、The implementation of a WMS along with automated data collection will likely give you in creases in accuracy, reduct ion in labor costs (provided the labor required to main tai n the system is less tha n the labor saved on the warehouse floor), and a greater ability to service the customer by reduci

12、ng cycle times. Expectations of inven tory reducti on and in creased storage capacity are less likely. While in creased accuracy and efficiencies in the receiving process may reduce the level of safety stock required, the impact of this reduct ion will likely be n egligible in comparis on to overall

13、 inven tory levels. The predo minant factors that con trol inven tory levels are lot siz in g, lead times, and dema nd variability. It is un likely that a WMS will have a sig nifica nt impact on any of these factors. And while a WMS certa inly provides the tools for more orga ni zed storage which ma

14、y result in in creased storage capacity, this improveme nt will be relative to just how sloppy your pre-WMS processes were.Beyond labor efficiencies, the determining factors in deciding to implement a WMS tend to be more often associated with the need to do something to service your customers that y

15、our curre nt system does not support (or does not support well) such as first-in-first-out, cross-docking, automated pick replenishment, wave picking, lot tracking, yard management, automated data collection, automated material han dli ng equipme nt, etc.SetupThe setup requireme nts of WMS can be ex

16、te nsive. The characteristics of each item and location must be maintained either at the detail level or by grouping similar items and locations into categories. An example of item characteristics at the detail level would include exact dimensions and weight of each item in each unit of measure the

17、item is stocked (each, cases, pallets, etc) as well as information such as whether it can be mixed with other items in a location, whether it is rack able, max stack height, max quantity per location, hazard classifications, finished goods or raw material, fast versus slow mover, etc. Although some

18、operati ons will n eed to set up each item this way, most operatio ns will ben efit by creati ng groups of similar products. For example, if you are a distributor of music CDs you would create groups for single CDs, and double CDs, maintaining the detailed dimension and weight information at the gro

19、up level and only needing to attach the group code to each item. You would likely need to maintain detailed information on special items such as boxed sets or CDs in special packaging. You would also create groups for the different types of locations within your warehouse. An example would be to cre

20、ate three different groups (P1, P2, P3) for the three different sized forward pick ing locati ons you use for your CD pick ing. You the n set up the qua ntity of sin gle CDs that will fit in a P1, P2, and P3 location, quantity of double CDs that fit in a P1, P2, P3 location etc. You would likely als

21、o be setting up case quantities, and pallet quantities of each CD group and quantities of cases and pallets per each reserve storage locati on group.If this sounds simple, it iswell sort of. In reality most operations have a much more diverse product mix and will require much more system setup. And

22、sett ing up the physical characteristics of the product and locations is only part of the picture. You have set up eno ugh so that the system knows where a product can fit and how many will fit in that location. You now need to set up the information needed to let the system decide exactly which loc

23、ation to pick from, replenish from/to, and put away to, and in what seque nee these eve nts should occur (remember WMS is all about “ directed ” movemeYt)u do this by assigning specific logic to the various comb in ati ons of item/order/qua ntity/locatio n in formatio n that will occur.Below I have

24、listed some of the logic used in determining actual locations and seque nces.Location Sequence This is the simplest logic; you simply define a flow through your warehouse and assig n a seque nee nu mber to each locati on. In order pick ing this is used to seque nee your picks to flow through the war

25、ehouse, in put away the logic would look for the first location in the sequence in which the product would fit.Zone Logic By breaking down your storage locations into zones you can direct picking, put away, or replenishment to or from specific areas of your warehouse. Since zone logic only desig nat

26、es an area, you will n eed to comb ine this with some other type of logic to determ ine exact locati on within the zone.Fixed Location Logic uses predetermined fixed locations per item in picking, put away, and replenishment. Fixed locations are most often used as the primary picking location in pie

27、ce pick and case-pick operations, however, they can also be used for sec on dary storage.Random Location Since computers cannot be truly random (nor would you want them to be) the term random location is a little misleading. Random locations gen erally refer to areas where products are not stored in

28、 desig nated fixed locati ons. Like zone logic, you will n eed some additi on al logic to determ ine exact locati ons.First-in-first-out (FIFO). Directs picking from the oldest inventory first.Last-in-first-out (LIFO). Opposite of FIFO. I did nt thi nk there were any real applications for this logic

29、 until a visitor to my site sent an email describing their operati on that distributes perishable goods domestically and overseas. They use LIFOfor their overseas customers (because of Ion ger in-tran sit times) and FIFO for their domestic customers.Pick-to-clear Logic directs picking to the locatio

30、ns with the smallest quantities on hand. This logic is great for space utilizatio n.Reserved Locations This is used when you want to predetermine specific locati ons to put away to or pick from. An applicati on for reserved locatio ns would be cross-dock ing, where you may specify certa in qua ntiti

31、es of an inbound shipme nt be moved to specific outbound staging locations or directly to an awaiting outbound trailer.Maximize Cube Cube logic is found in most WMS systems however it is seldom used. Cube logic basically uses unit dimensions to calculate cube (cubic in ches per un it) and the n comp

32、ares this to the cube capacity of the locati on to determine how much will fit. Now if the units are capable of being stacked into the location in a manner that fills every cubic inch of space in the location, cube logic will work.Since this rarely happens in the real world, cube logic tends to be i

33、mpractical.Consolidate Looks to see if there is already a location with the same product stored in it with available capacity. May also create additional moves to consolidate like product stored in multiple locations.Lot Sequence Used for picking or replenishment, this will use the lot number or lot

34、 date to determine locations to pick from or replenish from.It very com mon to comb ine multiple logic methods to determ ine the best location. For example you may chose to use pick-to-clear logic within first-in-first-out logic when there are multiple locations with the same receipt date. You also

35、may cha nge the logic based upon curre nt workload.During busy periodsyou may chose logic that optimizes productivity while during slower periods you switch to logic that optimizes space utilizati on.Other Functionality/ConsiderationsWave Picking/Batch Picking/Zone PickingS upport for various pick i

36、ng methods varies from one system to another. In high-volume fulfillment operations, pick ing logic can be a critical factor in WMS selecti on. See my article on Order Pick ing for more info on these methods.Task Interleaving Task interleaving describes functionality that mixes dissimilar tasks such

37、 as pick ing and put away to obta in maximum productivity. Used primarily in full-pallet-load operations, task interleaving will direct a lift truck operator to put away a pallet on his/her way to the n ext pick. In large warehouses this can greatly reduce travel time, not only increasing productivi

38、ty, but also reducing wear on the lift trucks and sav ing on en ergy costs by reduc ing lift truck fuel consumption. Task interleaving is also used with cycle counting programs to coordi nate a cycle count with a pick ing or put away task.Integration with Automated Material Handling Equipment. If yo

39、u arepla nning on using automated material han dli ng equipme nt such as carousels, ASRS units, AGNS, pick-to-ght systems, or separation systems, you ll want to consider thisduring the software selection process. Since these types of automation are very expe nsive and are usually a core comp onent o

40、f your warehouse, you may find that the equipme nt will drive the selecti on of the WMS. As with automated data collecti on, you should be work ing closely with the equipme nt manu facturers duri ng the software select ion process.Advanced Shipment Notifications (AS N)If your ven dors are capable of

41、 sending adva need shipme nt no tificatio ns (preferably electr oni cally) and attach ing compliance labels to the shipments you will want to make sure that the WMS can use this to automate your recei ving process. In additi on, if you have requireme nts to provide ASNs for customers, you will also

42、want to verify this functionality.Yard Management Yard management describes the function of managing the contents (inven tory) of trailers parked outside the warehouse, or the empty trailers themselves. Yard man ageme nt is gen erally associated with cross dock ing operati ons and may in clude the m

43、an ageme nt of both inbound and outbo und trailers.Labor Tracking/Capacity Planning Some WMS systems provide functionality related to labor reporting and capacity planning. Anyone that has worked in manufacturing should be familiar with this type of logic. Basically, you set up standard labor hours

44、and machine (usually lift trucks) hours per task and set the available labor and machine hours per shift. The WMS system will use this info to determ ine capacity and load. Manu facturi ng has bee n using capacity pla nning for decades with mixed results. The need to factor in efficiency and utiliza

45、tion to determine rated capacity is an example of the shortcomings of this process. Not that I mecessarily against capacity planning in warehousing, I just think most operations don t really need it andavoid the disappointment of trying to make it work. I am, however, a big advocate of labor track i

46、ng for in dividual productivity measureme nt. Most WMS mai ntai n eno ugh data to create productivity report ing. Since productivity is measured differently from one operation to another you can assume you will have to do some minor modificatio ns here (usually in the form of custom report in g).Int

47、egration with existingaccounting/ERPfeystems Uni ess the WMS ven dor has already created a specific in terface with your acco untin g/ERP system (such as those provided by an approved bus in ess part ner) you can expect to spe nd some significant programming dollars here. While we are all hoping tha

48、t integration issues will be magically resolved someday by a standardized interfice, we isn t there yet. Ideally you want an integrator that has already integrated the WMS you chose with the bus in ess software you are using. Si nce this is not always possible you at least want an integrator that is

49、 very familiar with one of the systems.WMS + everything else = ? As I men ti oned at the beg inning of this article, a lot of other modules are being added to WMS packages.These would include full financials, light manufacturing, transportation management, purchasing, and sales order management. I d

50、on t see this as a unilateral move of WMS from an addbn module to a core system, but rather an opti onal approach that has applicatio ns in specific industries such as 3PLs. Using ERPsystems as a point of reference, it is unlikely that this add-on functionality will match the functionality of best-o

51、f-breed applicati ons available separately. If warehous in g/distributi on is your core bus in ess function and you don twant to have to deal with the integration issues of incorporating separate financials, order processing, etc. you may find these WMS based bus in ess systems are a good fit.倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)

52、（WMS ）倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)（WMS ）的演變與許多其他軟件解決方案是非常相似的。最初的系統(tǒng)用來(lái)控制物料在倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)的流動(dòng)和貯存，倉(cāng)庫(kù)的作用正在延伸到包括輕 型制造業(yè)，交通運(yùn)輸管理，訂單管理，和完整的會(huì)計(jì)制度中。利用與先前的業(yè)務(wù) 有關(guān)的軟件，制造資源計(jì)劃，作為一個(gè)比較，材料需求計(jì)劃（MRP ）開(kāi)始作為一個(gè)規(guī)劃要求，原材料的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的系統(tǒng)。 物料需求計(jì)劃很快演變成以 MRP系 統(tǒng)，補(bǔ)充調(diào)度和容量規(guī)劃為基礎(chǔ)的邏輯制造資源計(jì)劃 （MRPII系統(tǒng)）。最終MRPII 系統(tǒng)演變成企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃（ERP ），吸收所有的MRPII系統(tǒng)的功能包括充分的財(cái) 務(wù)與客戶(hù)和供應(yīng)商管理功能?，F(xiàn)在，無(wú)論倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)演變成一個(gè)以倉(cāng)庫(kù)為

53、中心 的ERP系統(tǒng)是一件好事或不可達(dá)的辯論。 清楚的是，在倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)，企業(yè)資源 規(guī)劃，布局規(guī)劃要求，交通運(yùn)輸管理系統(tǒng)，供應(yīng)鏈計(jì)劃，高級(jí)計(jì)劃與排程，以及 制造執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)之間擴(kuò)大重疊功能性只會(huì)增加那些尋找軟件解決方案業(yè)務(wù)的公司 混亂水平。盡管倉(cāng)庫(kù)繼續(xù)獲得額外的功能，最初的倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)的核心功能還沒(méi)有真正 改變。其主要目的是控制管理系統(tǒng)在工藝操作相關(guān)聯(lián)的交易中的流動(dòng)和材料儲(chǔ) 存。定向采摘，定向補(bǔ)充，定向收集是倉(cāng)庫(kù)的關(guān)鍵。從一個(gè)軟件供應(yīng)商到另一個(gè) 在一個(gè)管理系統(tǒng)中詳細(xì)的安裝和處理可以有一個(gè)很大的差別，但是其基本邏輯將使用相結(jié)合的項(xiàng)目，地點(diǎn)，數(shù)量，度量單位，并以收集信息以確定在哪里儲(chǔ)存， 在哪里挑選，以

54、及以何種順序執(zhí)行這些操作。一最低限度，一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)采取下列措施有一個(gè)靈活的定位系統(tǒng)。利用用戶(hù)定義的參數(shù)，指導(dǎo)倉(cāng)庫(kù)任務(wù)和使用 Live文件來(lái)執(zhí)行這些任務(wù)。有一些內(nèi)置的一體化和數(shù)據(jù)收集設(shè)備結(jié)合體。您是否真的需要倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)？并非每一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)需要一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)。 當(dāng)然，任何倉(cāng)庫(kù)可受益于其中一些 功能，但這些受益是否足以證明管理系統(tǒng)最初的和正在進(jìn)行的相關(guān)費(fèi)用是正確 的？倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)是大的，復(fù)雜的，數(shù)據(jù)密集型的應(yīng)用。他們往往需要大量的初 始安裝，很多系統(tǒng)資源的運(yùn)行，很多正在進(jìn)行的數(shù)據(jù)管理為繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，你 需要管理”你的倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理”制度。一般情況下，大規(guī)模的行動(dòng)最終將建立一個(gè)新的IS部門(mén)用來(lái)唯一負(fù)

55、責(zé)管理倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)。二現(xiàn)實(shí)實(shí)施一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)用來(lái)自動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)收集將可能使你的準(zhǔn)確性增加，減少勞動(dòng)力成本（提供需要維持系統(tǒng)的勞動(dòng)力少于物品保存在倉(cāng)庫(kù)樓需要的勞動(dòng)力） 和更好地來(lái)服務(wù)客戶(hù)以降低周期。預(yù)期庫(kù)存減少和增加存儲(chǔ)容量的可能性較小。 雖然在接收過(guò)程中增加了準(zhǔn)確性和效率可能降低庫(kù)存安全水平，但這種降低產(chǎn)生的影響與整體庫(kù)存水平相比可以忽略不計(jì)?？刂茙?kù)存水平批量最主要的因素是多 種尺寸，交貨時(shí)間和需求的變化，倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)將對(duì)任何因素有重大影響是不可 能。而且同時(shí)倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)確實(shí)的為更多的有組織的存儲(chǔ)提供工具，因?yàn)檫@種存儲(chǔ)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的存儲(chǔ)容量，相對(duì)于這種改善您之前的倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)是多么草 率啊。除

56、了勞動(dòng)效率，決定實(shí)施倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)的決定因素，往往與一些能滿(mǎn)足您 的客戶(hù)的需求有更多關(guān)聯(lián)，比如您目前的系統(tǒng)不支持（或不太支持）像先進(jìn)先出， 交叉對(duì)接，自動(dòng)挑選補(bǔ)充，波采摘，多種跟蹤，停車(chē)場(chǎng)管理，自動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)采集，自 動(dòng)材料處理設(shè)備等。三設(shè)置倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)置需求是廣泛的，每個(gè)項(xiàng)目和地點(diǎn)都必須保持在詳細(xì)或分 組類(lèi)似項(xiàng)目和地點(diǎn)分類(lèi)。一個(gè)例子，項(xiàng)目詳細(xì)程度的特點(diǎn)將包括確切尺寸和重量， 每個(gè)項(xiàng)目在每個(gè)單位的項(xiàng)目?jī)?chǔ)備（項(xiàng)目，案件，托盤(pán)等），以及信息，如是否可 以與其他物品混在一個(gè)位置，無(wú)論是的最高層次，最大堆疊高度，最高量的位置， 危險(xiǎn)性分類(lèi)，半成品或原材料，快與慢動(dòng)，等。盡管一些行動(dòng)將需要用這種方式 設(shè)立每

57、個(gè)項(xiàng)目，但大多數(shù)業(yè)務(wù)將有利于創(chuàng)造群體的類(lèi)似產(chǎn)品。例如，如果你是一個(gè)音樂(lè)CD分銷(xiāo)商，您將創(chuàng)建集團(tuán)單一 CD和雙張CD，保持詳細(xì)的尺寸和重量 的資料在組一級(jí)，只需要對(duì)每個(gè)項(xiàng)目附上組代碼。您可能會(huì)需要對(duì)特殊物品保持 詳細(xì)的資料，如盒裝套或 CD的特別包裝。您也可以為地域的不同類(lèi)型在您的倉(cāng) 庫(kù)里創(chuàng)造群組。一個(gè)例子是，為您用于 CD采摘的三種不同大小前瞻性采摘地點(diǎn) 建立3個(gè)不同群體（小一，二，三）。然后，您可以建立單一的光盤(pán)數(shù)量，將適 合P1，P2和P3的位置，多種雙張CD適合在小一，二，小三的位置等。您可能 還設(shè)立案件的數(shù)量，每個(gè)CD組光盤(pán)數(shù)量，貨箱的數(shù)量和光盤(pán)的每個(gè)后備存儲(chǔ)位置 組。如果這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)

58、單，但在現(xiàn)實(shí)中很多業(yè)務(wù)有更多元化的產(chǎn)品組合，將需要更多的系統(tǒng)設(shè)置。而且建立產(chǎn)品的物理特性和產(chǎn)品的位置只是藍(lán)圖的部分。你設(shè)定的使系統(tǒng)知道產(chǎn)品可以適合哪里并且多少產(chǎn)品將滿(mǎn)足這個(gè)地方已經(jīng)足夠了。您現(xiàn)在需要建立必要的信息，以讓系統(tǒng)決定從哪些位置選擇，補(bǔ)充，并采集，并在 這些事件應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)這些序列中（記得倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理就是指示”流動(dòng)）。你分配具體邏輯的的做法使各種組合項(xiàng)目/訂單/數(shù)量/位置信息將出現(xiàn)。下面我列出一些用于確定實(shí)際位置和序列的邏輯位置順序。這是最簡(jiǎn)單的邏輯；您只需確定流經(jīng)你的倉(cāng)庫(kù)和為每一個(gè)地點(diǎn)分 配序列編號(hào)。為了挑選這是把您選擇的在流經(jīng)的倉(cāng)庫(kù)排序， 在采集邏輯將尋求在第一位置的順序適合的產(chǎn)品。區(qū)邏輯。由于把你的儲(chǔ)存地點(diǎn)分到區(qū)，您可以直接采摘，收集，或補(bǔ)充或 特定地區(qū)的倉(cāng)庫(kù)。自區(qū)邏輯唯一指定的一個(gè)地區(qū)，則需要再加上一些其他類(lèi)型的 邏輯，以確定確切位置在禁區(qū)內(nèi)。固定的位置。邏輯使用預(yù)先確定的固定地點(diǎn)，每一項(xiàng)目中分揀，采集 ，和 補(bǔ)充。固定地點(diǎn)是一塊采摘挑選和個(gè)案選擇的行動(dòng)最常用的首要位置， 但是，它 們也可用于二級(jí)存儲(chǔ)。隨機(jī)地點(diǎn)。由于電腦不能真正隨機(jī)（也不想要他們）的任期隨機(jī)位置有點(diǎn)誤 導(dǎo)。隨機(jī)地點(diǎn)一般指的是產(chǎn)品不會(huì)儲(chǔ)存在指定的固定地點(diǎn)的地方。 如Zone邏輯, 您將需要一些額外的邏輯，以確定確切位置。先入先出（FIF 0的）。首先指示挑選最古老的庫(kù)存。最后，先出（LIFO