2014年全國(guó)碩士研究生考研英語(yǔ)一真題及解析

SectionIUseofLanguageReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(S)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'ssocial,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.first"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5ABDCA6-1011-1516-20[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]句話中where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句，主要是說(shuō)記不清把鑰匙放在哪里了。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]Asthebrain2werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments2由此可以排除[A]和[C]。[D]collapsefades[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][A]if[B]UnlessD。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A][B][C][D]思，可以排除[A]和[D]。而“有限的影響”顯然不足以表達(dá)危害的嚴(yán)重性，故可以排除[B]選項(xiàng)。[C]“帶來(lái)有害的影響”最符合作者意圖。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]本句話含義是這種精神能量的缺失會(huì)給我們的職業(yè)、社交還有[C]relationship“關(guān)系”。[D]outlook“展望”。andrelationshipsocial[A]，個(gè)人幸福。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]“本文發(fā)現(xiàn)”。[C]itpointsoutthat“指出”。[D]itfiguresoutthat“本文發(fā)現(xiàn)”。Ititturnsoutthat[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A]genre[B]functions義，選擇[B]functions[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為動(dòng)詞。[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]featureexcel擅長(zhǎng)的意思，表示在某個(gè)方面出眾，放在此處符合題意，因此正確答案為[B][標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]后一句則認(rèn)為是可以通過(guò)腦力活動(dòng)(mentaleffort)會(huì)有所波動(dòng)，兩句意義明顯相反，故正確答案為[D]However。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]之外”也不合適。[D]insteadof“代替”明顯不符。故[A]為正確答案。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]：takeastepAA[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]本題考察的是動(dòng)賓搭配：improveandregainmentalA(模式)但雙比之下，DD。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句的意思是說(shuō)這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程可以 的記憶力和注意力。而且此處需要填入的動(dòng)詞需要與to進(jìn)行搭配。根據(jù)搭配關(guān)的，此處的D選項(xiàng)force排除，所以最恰當(dāng)?shù)氖荄。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]Ahold,Corder;B,DDpacewith，即，keeppacewith，所以排除，Bkeeptrackof意思為跟蹤。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]D[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句的意思是說(shuō)更加重要的是它會(huì) 發(fā)現(xiàn)C比較符合題意。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句的意思是說(shuō)它會(huì)經(jīng)常調(diào)整并升級(jí)有關(guān)訓(xùn)練游戲，以 。本題所缺少的動(dòng)詞需要與介詞on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加;Bcarryon執(zhí)行;Cbuildon在……基礎(chǔ)上增加，構(gòu)建;Dtakeon呈現(xiàn);代入空格發(fā)現(xiàn)只有C適合，A,B,D都不與空格后面的development相搭配。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]exerciseroutine，根據(jù)前后情感一致的邏輯，通過(guò)后面的不定式中的關(guān)AB，DC(有效的)符合邏輯，故為正確答案。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartATextInorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOrbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?lookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,zealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallinto—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;nointheEU.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedprovidetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.inordertoBThephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-training答案：C詞義句意題。先根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三行，tosignonnot，則我們可以推知，這一定是前面的反義，我們只要讀懂前spendlookingforwork，ACWhatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.AAccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeelAunemployedATowhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.答案:B細(xì)節(jié)題。本題題根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位。ATheBritishwelfaresystem“nolonger”，選項(xiàng)與原文反向干擾。BOsborne’sreformsC“thejobseekers’allowance”定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句，D“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…”，并沒(méi)有要說(shuō)以后應(yīng)該怎樣，TexttherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanDuringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintoschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersthanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.”D“big-firm”ButAmericanstates?[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessional其次，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thecostsoflegaleducation”精確定位到第三段第二句話“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.”問(wèn)題是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.”CA“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.”進(jìn)行干擾。BDHindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharp其次，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thereformofthelegalsystem”定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.”BTheguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseitbansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.段。其次，題干中出現(xiàn)“theguild-likeownershipstructure”，精確定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.”此外，“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.”A。Inthistext,theauthormainlyflawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegal5“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoefficiency.C。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為文中的個(gè)別細(xì)節(jié)，以TextTheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestinginMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforhavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.wanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.2013年相比，2014，Text32013332020133135TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’swealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.[D]ahandsomerewardfor答案：AFundamentalPhysicsPrizeentrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、rewardAAThephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.whoinresearchBThefounders。Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.thejointeffortofmodernlegitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.Dwellasdemonstratedby……即為本道題正確答案。AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.A后一段可以驗(yàn)證確實(shí)是收到了質(zhì)疑，BA。Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.AawardA。Textofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofmoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,withDukeUniversityPresidentRichardBrodheadandretiredExelonCEOJohnRoweasco-chairmen.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becausesupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,useofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Oneofthemorenovelideasinthereportisthecreationofa"CultureCorps"incitiesandtownacrossAmericato"transmithumanisticandsocialscientificexpertisefromonegenerationtothenext."Unfortunately,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesfordisseminating"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.historyandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudyportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarkets,self-relianceandadistrustofcentralplanning—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualTheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.Yetitschallengethatcongressaskedittoilluminate.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?AAASAAAS”praise”所以容易誤導(dǎo)大家B“appreciative(however，我們知所以這道題應(yīng)該于主旨相關(guān)，后文中的“maycausemoreharmthangood.”讓A，批判性的。InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowtoretainpeople’sinterestinliberaldefinethegovernment’sroleinkeepaleadingpositioninliberalsafeguardindividualsrightsto37，C，細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)自然段定位原則，36，38figuresintheCongress”與“l(fā)eadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicans”askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandindividualbenefactorsandothers"to"askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“Inhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“也就是說(shuō)maintainnationalexcellenceCleadingposition進(jìn)行同義替換。ABDAccordingtoParagraph3,thereportanexclusivestudyofAmericanagreateremphasisontheoreticaltheapplicationofemergingfundingforthestudyofforeignAAmericanhistoryB;theoreticalsubjects;C]emergingtechnologies;Dfundingforeignlanguages。返回原文定位的時(shí)候，A項(xiàng)中的“exclusive排外”并沒(méi)有在“stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;”這forteachers”以及“greaterstudyofforeignlanguages,”不符。屬于張冠李戴?！癳ncouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.”CTheauthorimpliesinParagraphSthatprofessorssupportiveoffreecautiousaboutintellectualconservativeaboutpublicbiasedagainstclassicalliberalprofessor.“professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberal—suchasfreemarkets,self-relianceasfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.”AfreemarketsconservativeorliberalideasAsupportive。Cconservativeprogressivepublicpolicy不符合。DbiasedB。WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheWaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheIlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheTheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalBreportreport就是“theheartofthematterCD.A發(fā)現(xiàn)A，BPartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizeintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasily—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,fellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970hevalleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.atitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheword.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingtheysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopán,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillageandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopáncollapsed.Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbonetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamumexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEyancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingforthingengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evas’sinterpretationsofthoseengravingseventuallyledthemtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossosontheislandofCrete,in1900.Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountsofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetector.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstoarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.41---A---42.---E---43---44---Archeology.所以只需從余下選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行選擇。Banother，所以不會(huì)是第一段。ECDCsurveytestsampleDsurvey,DCCAFBDBinanothercase,inonecase,Dinonecase.所以，DPartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisstrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.ThiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromdoesnothavethelastword.50)Onecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofitrenderslifeworthliving.Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.itisthereason，whythereasonallwecandoisarticulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself，do，不to：articulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself。ourreactionstoit，itmusicwhenreactiontoit，it們只能明確表達(dá)我們對(duì)于音樂(lè)的感受”。and，graspByallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.hewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone，byallaccountsIfindcourageanessentialquality，其中賓courage，anessentialqualityqualityfortheunderstandingofhisworkletalonetheperformance。byallaccounts，fortheunderstandingofhiswork，theunderstandingofhisworkquality，可以翻譯為“理解他作品的關(guān)鍵品fortheunderstandingofhisworkletalonetheunderstandingtheperformance，ofhisBeethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.withanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddenthevolumewithanextremeintensitythenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagehabitHabitofincreasingthevolume…，其中“habit”可以詞性轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞“習(xí)increasingthevolume，volumethenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage，withasuddensoftpassagefollowingitpassage49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.hisviewoffreedomwasEspeciallysignificant。whichoftheindividualtherightsand50.OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthOnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethoven，bysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthlivinginterpretthatlifeworthliving，sayingitsuffering。PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanyitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethrough