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專題04介詞江蘇中考英語對(duì)代詞的考查集中在單項(xiàng)選擇題??疾橹攸c(diǎn)包括:時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞、方式介詞、介詞短語和固定搭配。本專題目的在于幫助學(xué)生梳理介詞的用法,明晰他們之前的用法區(qū)別,以幫助同學(xué)們高效復(fù)習(xí)??键c(diǎn)考向考法/命題角度介詞時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞和方式介詞常見介詞的用法和易混介詞的區(qū)別介詞短語和固定搭配常見的介詞短語、搭配?考向一時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞和方式介詞1.(2023·江蘇淮安)________spring,ourcityisfullofgreentreesandbeautifulflowers.A.At B.In C.On D.Of【答案】B【詳解】句意:在春天,我們的城市綠樹成蔭,鮮花盛開??疾榻樵~辨析。at在某時(shí)刻;in在某年某月某季節(jié);on在某一天;of……的。空后是季節(jié),用介詞in。故選B。2.(2023·江蘇南通)Shenzhou16wassentupintospace________themorningofMay30,2023.A.in B.on C.a(chǎn)t D.from【答案】B【詳解】句意:神舟16號(hào)于2023年5月30日上午發(fā)射升空??疾榻樵~辨析。in后加某年某月某季節(jié);on后加具體的某一天,或某一天的早中晚;at后加具體時(shí)刻;from從。根據(jù)“themorningofMay30,2023.”可知具體到某一天的上午,應(yīng)用on。故選B。3.(2023·江蘇宿遷)About12,000peopletookpartinthe2023SuqianMarathon________April2.A.a(chǎn)t B.on C.in D.to【答案】B【詳解】句意:4月2日,約1.2萬人參加了2023宿遷馬拉松比賽??疾榻樵~辨析。at后接具體時(shí)刻;on后接具體一天;in后接年、月、季節(jié)等;to到。April2指具體的一天,其前應(yīng)加介詞on。故選B。4.(2019·江蘇)Let’stakeawalk___________theriverafterdinner,shallwe?A.a(chǎn)long B.through C.upon D.over【答案】A【詳解】句意:飯后我們沿河散步,好嗎?A.along沿著…的某處(或旁邊);B.through穿過;C.upon強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目或數(shù)量大;D.over懸在…上面。結(jié)合語境可知,應(yīng)該是飯后我們沿河散步,故排除C/D;along表示“沿著”,通常用于狹長(zhǎng)的東西。through表示“橫過”或“穿過”,表示從某個(gè)空間內(nèi)部“穿過”,涉及“體”的概念。本題是指沿著河邊散步。故選A。5.(2018·江蘇淮安)TheWorldCup________Russiathisyearmustbewonderful.A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t D.to【答案】B【詳解】句意:今年在俄羅斯的世界杯一定很精彩。on意為“在……上”,in意為“在……里”,at意為“在……”,to意為“去……”。in+地點(diǎn)意為“在某地”。故選B項(xiàng)。6.(2016·江蘇徐州)HaveyoureadtheHarryPotterseries__________J.K.Rowling?A.of B.for C.with D.by【答案】D【詳解】句意:你讀過J.K.羅琳的哈利波特系列小說嗎?考查介詞的用法。of……的;for為了;with和……一起;by通過;此處表示由J.K.羅琳寫的哈利波特系列,故用介詞by,故選D。7.(2015·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江)MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoneytheInternet.A.through B.a(chǎn)long C.a(chǎn)cross D.towards【答案】A【分析】【詳解】句意:阿里巴巴集團(tuán)主席馬云通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)掙了許多錢??疾榻樵~辨析。A.through通過。以……作為載體;從事物的內(nèi)部通過;B.along順著,沿著;C.across橫過,穿過。橫穿某物,從事物的表面通過;D.towards向,朝。通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng),指以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為載體,用through。故選A。時(shí)間介詞1)at,inon
at:多用于表示具體的鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前或固定搭配atnoon,atmidnight,atnight,atlunchtime。in:用于表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個(gè)季節(jié)以及一天的上午,下午,晚上,如:inthenineteenthcentury,in2002,inMay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起,多久以后”,如inanhouron:表示在具體的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上時(shí),如:onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。onthetree/inthetreeonthetree表示“樹上本身長(zhǎng)的東西”在樹上.inthetree表示“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中”人或物在樹上.2)
since,after
由since和after引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點(diǎn)開始的時(shí)段,但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說話的時(shí)刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過去,因而要與一般過去時(shí)連用。例如:
Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.
Afterfivedaystheboycameback.
3)
in,after
in與將來時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示“過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語。after與將來時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語。after與過去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語。例如:
Hewillbebackintwomonths.
Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.
Hereturnedafteramonth.before在......以前during在......期間,“during+時(shí)間段”與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示某期間的動(dòng)作by“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到......以前為止”from說明開始的時(shí)間for“for+時(shí)間段”,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用方位介詞1)at,in,on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如:
HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.
Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.
Thereisabigholeinthewall.
Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.
2)
over,above,on
over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具體含義不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸,一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如:
Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
Weflewabovetheclouds.
Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.
3)表示方位的in/on/toin表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系)Tanwanis_in___thesoutheastofChina.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)Hubeiis__on__thenorthofHunan.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)Japanis__to___theeastofChina.4)infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某個(gè)范圍以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)。例如:
Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.
Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.5)across/through/over/by經(jīng)過across指橫穿,穿過.表示從......表面上經(jīng)過.through指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.over表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.by表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.Canyouswimacrosstheriver?Theelephantissobigthatitcan’tgothroughthegate.Idon’tthinkanyonecanjumpoverthefence.IwalkedbythebankofChinayesterday.
方式介詞with/in/by表示“用……”with表示“用…”一般指用具體有形的工具.Hecuttheappleintohalves____aknife.注:with表伴隨,“帶有,含有”Hecamein_____abigsmileonhisface.in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑.或書寫/繪畫所用的材料.Canyousayit_____English?Hewrotealetter____blueink.by表示方式,方法Istudyforatest_____workingwithagroup.Hemakesaliving____sellingnewspapers.?考向二介詞短語和固定搭配8.(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州)Weneedtotellpeopletojustdoonesmallthingwell________100thingspoorly.A.a(chǎn)swellas B.insteadof C.a(chǎn)ccordingto D.becauseof【答案】B【詳解】句意:我們需要告訴人們做好一件小事就可以,而不是糟糕地完成100件事??疾槎陶Z辨析。aswellas和,也;insteadof而不是;accordingto根據(jù);becauseof由于。根據(jù)“doonesmallthingwell…100thingspoorly”可知,要好好地做一件事,而不是糟糕地完成100件事。故選B。9.(2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江)OurschoolprovidessomanycolourfulafterschoolactivitiesonFridays,buteachstudentcanonlychoose_______twoactivities.A.a(chǎn)tfirst B.a(chǎn)tlast C.a(chǎn)tleast D.a(chǎn)tmost【答案】D【詳解】句意:我們學(xué)校在星期五提供這么多豐富多彩的課外活動(dòng),但每個(gè)學(xué)生最多只能選擇兩種活動(dòng)。考查介詞短語。atfirst起初;atlast最后;atleast至少;atmost至多。根據(jù)“but”可知此處是表示轉(zhuǎn)折,有這么多課外活動(dòng),但是每個(gè)人學(xué)生最多只能選擇兩種活動(dòng),故選D。10.(2021·江蘇泰州)It'sreportedthat,________,peoplewithcollegeeducationcanmakemoremoneythanthosewithout.A.ingeneral B.inpublic C.intime D.inall【答案】A【詳解】句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,一般來說,受過大學(xué)教育的人比沒有受過大學(xué)教育的人能賺更多的錢。考查介詞短語。ingeneral一般來說;inpublic公開地;intime及時(shí);inall總共。根據(jù)句意,受過大學(xué)教育的人比沒有受過大學(xué)教育的人能賺更多的錢,這是一般情況,故選A。介詞短語和固定搭配介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞或名詞相結(jié)合后,形成復(fù)合詞,有特定的意思。如下:(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞(如:talkabout,lookat)(2)Be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞(如:betiredof)(3)介詞+名詞(如:athome,onfoot,intime)①動(dòng)詞+介詞要區(qū)別“動(dòng)詞+介詞”和“動(dòng)詞+副詞”的短語,前者的賓語只可接在介詞之后,后者當(dāng)賓語為名詞時(shí)可放在副詞前或后,當(dāng)賓語為代詞時(shí)只可放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之前②Be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞bekindto對(duì)(某人)親切;begoodat在……做得好;擅長(zhǎng)于……belatefor遲到;beafraidof害怕;beabsentfrom缺席;beproudof以……為自豪;befondof喜歡befullof充滿beinterestedin對(duì)…有興趣beconfidentin對(duì)…有信心beshortof缺乏betiredof討厭……/厭倦……beloyalto對(duì)…忠誠(chéng)beworriedabout為…擔(dān)心bebusywith忙于(某事)bedifferentfrom和…不同befamousas作為...而出名befamousfor因…而出名besorryforsth.為……抱歉;beangrywithsb..對(duì)某人生氣bestrictwith對(duì)……嚴(yán)格要求beangryatsth.為某事生氣bepleasedwithsb.對(duì)某人感到滿意besatisfiedwithsth.對(duì)某事感到滿意besurprisedat對(duì)……感到驚奇/詫異③介詞+名詞atatatime一次,每次atfirst最初,開始時(shí)athome在家,隨便atlast最后atonce立即,同時(shí)atleast至少atmost至多atplay(work)在玩耍(工作)atpresent現(xiàn)在,目前atthesametime(與此)同時(shí)attimes有時(shí)候attheageof…在……歲時(shí)attheendof…在……之末atthebeginningof…在……之初atthefootof…在……腳下atnight/noon在夜里/中午by:byair航空bybus(plane,etc)坐巴士(飛機(jī)等)bychance偶然bytheway順便說一句bymistake錯(cuò)誤地,誤把…byturns輪流bytheendof…到……底為止daybyday日復(fù)一日byhand用手,手工,親手onebyone一個(gè)接一個(gè)byoneself親自in:inall總共inanycase(event)不管怎樣,反正indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中indebt負(fù)債indemand有需求indetail詳細(xì)地infact實(shí)際上ingeneral一般說來inone’sopinion在(某人)看來inorderto(that)以便,為了inotherwords換句話說inperson親自introuble處于困境inpractice實(shí)際上inpublic(private)公開(私下)地inregardto關(guān)于inshort總之intheend最后inthemiddleof在…中間intime及時(shí)inturn依次inone'stwenties在某人二十幾歲時(shí)inahurry匆忙innotime立刻,很快on:onboard在船(飛機(jī))上onfire著火onfoot步行onholiday在度假onsale在出售ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)ontheway在路上onone'swayto某人在去……的路上onthetopof在…上面ontheotherhand另一方面ontheleft(right)在左(右)邊ontheothersideof在……另一邊outof:outofbreath氣喘吁吁 outofwork失業(yè)outofcontrol失去控制outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)outofdoors在戶外outoffashion不時(shí)新outofreach無法得到(拿到)outoftemper發(fā)脾氣outoftouch(with)和…失去聯(lián)系outofuse不再使用A時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞和方式介詞11.(2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考一模)ChinalaunchedtheShenzhou16mannedspaceship________May30,2023,sendingthreeastronautstoitsspacestation.A.in B.a(chǎn)t C.on D./12.(2023·江蘇南京·南京外國(guó)語學(xué)校仙林分校校考三模)Ourownaircraft,C919successfullylandedatBeijingCapitalAirport________theafternoonofMay28,2023.A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t D.for13.(2023·江蘇連云港·連云港市新海實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)??既#㏕heSeniorHighSchoolEntranceExaminationwillstart________June14,2023.A.in B.a(chǎn)t C.on D.with14.(2023·江蘇鹽城·??级#㎝arch12th,MichelleYeohmadehistorytheageof61bybeingthefirstAsianwomantowintheOscarAwardforBestActress.A.In;at B.On;on C.On;at D.In;of15.(2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模)Father’sDayisaspecialday,whiches________Juneeveryyear.A.a(chǎn)t B.in C.to D.on16.(2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模)PresidentXipaidastatevisittoRussiaattheinvitationofPresidentPutin______March20to22.A.from B.between C.on D.during17.(2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考二模)Studentsoftenhavetheraisingofthenationalflag________Mondaymorning.A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t D.for18.(2023·江蘇淮安·校考一模)Keeptrying________thelastmomentofthepetition,boysandgirls!A.a(chǎn)s B.whether C.until D.whenever19.(2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模)JinlingLibraryoftenholdsreadingactivitiestocelebrateWorldBookDay________April.A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t D.of20.(2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模)ChineseastronautsgavethethirdlivescienceclassinTiangongSpaceStation________Wednesdayafternoon,October12th,2022.A.on B.a(chǎn)t C.in D.for21.(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考一模)—Honey,canyoutellmomwhatyoudrew?—________thetreeisthemoon,belowthetreeisyou!A.Through B.On C.Over D.Above22.(2023·江蘇常州·校考一模)_________thenorthwestoftheriver_________twomountains,wherefewpeoplelive.A.In;stand B.To;stands C.On;stands D.To;stand23.(2022·江蘇連云港·??级#㎝engWanzhouarrived_______Shenzhen,Guangdong_______theafternoonofSept25,afterbeinglegallyheldforthreeyearsinCanada.A.in;in B.a(chǎn)t;on C.a(chǎn)t;in D.in;on24.(2022·江蘇鹽城·校考一模)—HowareyougoingtomeetGuAilingattheairport_______Thursdaymorning?—I’mgoingthere_______mycar.A.on;in B.on;by C.in;by D.in;in25.(2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考二模)AncientpoemsofChinahasbeeabridge________theEastandtheWest.A.a(chǎn)mong B.between C.beyond D.a(chǎn)long26.(2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考一模)Anewbridge________theYangtzeRiveropenedtotrafficonDecember24inthecityofNanjing.A.on B.over C.a(chǎn)bove D.through27.(2022·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模)—WhyhaveyoudonesowellintheMathsexam,Annie?—Totellyouthetruth,I’vemadegreatprogress________workinginagroupsincelastyear.A.by B.with C.a(chǎn)t D.on28.(2020·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))—HowcanIimprovemyEnglishmorequickly,Tom?—__________listeningandreadingmore.A.At B.Across C.By D.On29.(2023·河北保定·統(tǒng)考三模)TostudyChinesewell,Jackoftenchatswithhisfriends________Chinese.A.for B.in C.with D.by30.(2023·河北衡水·統(tǒng)考二模)IimprovedmyspokenEnglish________watchingEnglishmoviesandlisteningtoEnglishsongs.A.in B.to C.for D.by31.(2022·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Mymotheroftentellsmeit’simpolitetohitanemptybowl_______chopsticks.A.in B.on C.withB介詞短語和固定搭配32.(2023·江蘇連云港·校考二模)—Idon’tcarewhatotherpeoplethink.—Well,youshould.________someideasareofgreatvalue.A.Inall B.Aboveall C.Afterall D.Firstofall33.(2023·江蘇泰州·??既#㊣twassoexcitingthatQuanHongchanusedhertalent,________hereffort,togetafullmarkinthewomen’sdiving10metreplatformpetitioninXi’anonMay22nd.A.a(chǎn)sgoodas B.a(chǎn)swellas C.a(chǎn)smuchas D.a(chǎn)shardas34.(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·??既#㏕houghitwasverycold,hegotupearlytoexercise________.A.a(chǎn)susual B.a(chǎn)saresult C.inall D.inneed35.(2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考二模)—Howdidthetrafficaccidenthappen?Thewomanseemstobeseriouslyhurt.—It’snottherighttimetodiscussthat.________,weshouldsendhertohospital.A.Aboveall B.Inall C.Atall D.Afterall36.(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考二模)Don’tsaythatyouhavestartedtooearly,becausemanypeoplearealready________theway.A.on B.a(chǎn)t C.by D.in37.(2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考一模)Nantong
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